Anti-lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro": histori ea pōpo, tlhaloso, litšobotsi tse

Ka e mong le e boemo, e ka ho toba a fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le moea tlhaselo -ba khahlanong le lifofane tsamaiso ea lerumo (SAMs). Leqepheng la 18 July 1958, ho latela qeto ea CPSU Komiti Central, o ile a qala ho rala mosebetsi Sam "modisekwere, seraro" ka Institute ea Research tsa ditlabelwa. Air tshireletso lerumo tsamaiso e khopo e reretsoeng ho sireletsa mabotho fatše le likarohano armored tloha tlhaselo moea ka ho timetsa liphofu sera sa ka mahareng le tlaase bophahamong.

Sam USSR ke eng?

"Modisekwere, seraro" - -ba khahlanong le lifofane oona tsamaisong lerumo, ho hlophisoa ha eo e ne e ena ntoa ho bolela:

• Antiaircraft tataisoang lerumo 3M9.
• Ba ikhopolang ho propelled tiragatso morolo le tataiso (1S91).
• Ba ikhopolang ho propelled launcher 2P25 tlhomamiso.

Ke mang ho akarelletsa ho bōptjoa Sam ka USSR?

lisebelisoa tsohle ntoa eo li akarelletsa ho-ba khahlanong le lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro", etselitsoeng bomong. Bakeng sa site ena e mong le e ile a abeloa moqapi sehloohong, mookameli ea ikarabellang ka lebaka la. 1S91 intša propelled sethunya ileng ba bōptjoa tlasa boetapele ba LH Rastova. Seka-a sebetsang a radar hlooho 2P25, ho phetha metsu homing, o ne a qapa ho fihlela ka 1960, ho moqapi sehloohong Yu Vekhov. mohlahlami oa hae ka mosebetsi ona e ne e le IG Akopyan ka 1960. Ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa kaofela-ba khahlanong le lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro" 'me e ile ea e-moqapi mookameli oa OKB-15 V. V. Tihomirov.

Design le mosebetsi launcher

launcher intša propelled ile behoa cheisi ea GM-578 ka likariki khethehileng, e nang le tataiso bakeng sa metsu. 2P25 leng actuators motlakase, thepa tsamaya. Ho phaella moo, sethunya intša propelled ile a hlomelloa le disebediswa tsa ho elaborate, ikemetseng khase-turbine motlakase semela le thepa sebakeng ponagalo ya naga, khouthollotsweng lesedi puisano le taolo ya prestart tlhomamiso. sockets tse peli li ne li sebelisoa bakeng sa fihle le launcher ho Lata. Ba ile ba kenngoa ka Lata e. Tsamaiso tataiso ea oona prelaunch etsoa ke ho sebelisa likariki drive tse etsoang ke ba 1S91 ya data. Radiotelekodovaya kgokahanyo 2P25 fana ka tsebiso e hlokahalang. Combat tlhomamiso manolotsoeng le lilemo li tharo. 2P25 boima fihla lithane tse 19,5.

sesebediswa lerumo

Anti-lifofane lerumo rarahaneng "sekotwaneng" 3M9 hlomelloa ka lerumo hahoa ka leqheka la "rotary oa mapheo". From mphato lona 3M8 e tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha bokaholimo eketsehileng taolo. Ka lebaka la boholo ba bona ba sebelisa oa rotary lepheo bayemi ba fokotsehile. Ho phaella moo, servos ha ho hlokahale e le matla a phahameng. The drive haeteroliki e nketsoe sebaka ke moea bobebe.

Shebiloeng fumana le ho qala 'me tšehetso ea lona ka Doppler maqhubu a etsa semiactive radar homing hlooho 1SB4, teng ka pel'a lerumo ka, se se akaretsang sa kopantswe ophthalmogyric tsamaiso. Weight HE fragmentation warhead ne lik'hilograma 57. Avtodiodny kopanetsoe fuze ile a fana ka taelo ea ho kenya tshebetsong detonation lona. Lata boholo e ne e le 5,8 limithara, bophara - 33 cm, The lerumo bokella tsamaisoa ka lik'hontheinara khethehileng, e leng ba ne ba bōpiloe ka phutha stabilizers tselisa ka..

Kamoo poso-combustion e Lata kamoreng?

Qoso ea jenereithara khase mora combustion e lona kenang ka inlets moea kamoreng afterburning oo combustion e qetellang ea mafura e ne e entseng. Tiileng mafura qoso ka boeona e ne e le 172-ponto bomo bophara ba cm, 29 le e-ba bolelele ba limithara tse 1,7. Bakeng sa ho etsa thepa lona ballistic mafura sebediswa. Moea intakes ne balwa bakeng sa maemo a supersonic sebetsa. Nakong ya tlhomelo ya Lata tsohle moea bonahatsa ka thata-thata koaloa ke fiberglass lipolaka. Qala Lata lonthja e ne e entsoe ka lonthja saeteng pele ho akarelletsa boosters.

Qala e ile ea nka metsotsoana e 5. E leng karolo e ka hare ea Lata nozzle, e nang le fiberglass grating, metsotsoana 5-6 ka mor'a a betsa morao, 'me mohato pele tshebetso midcourse.

Ea ho hlophisoa le mesebetsi 1S91

Ba ikhopolang ho propelled morolo le tataiso e na le:

• Radar radar seteishene le eo ba bonoa 'me latedisa o etsoa shebiloeng teleskopbomlift.
• Khanya 1S31. Ka thuso ea sesebelisoa sena se ile tsa hlaseloa ho amohela ho tsamaea leoatleng, ponagalo ya naga sebaka, radiotelekodovaya mabapi le tsamaiso eohle "modisekwere, seraro". Anti-lifofane oona tsamaisong lerumo (tšoantšetsoang tlaase) e ile ea phethoa ka tse peli le manakana a potolohang radar ka lenakana: 1S11 le 1S31.

Ba ile a etsa a review le chitja ka 15 rpm. The manakana ne aroloa ka microcyteme maqhubu a. Peli tsela metjha e-le-moea li ne li ena le radiators, eo ke tokisetso ke ntlha e 'ngoe e le sefofane tsepamiso. Lemoha, hlwaya le felehetsa shebiloeng teleskopbomlift e ka ba ka e leng sebaka sa 300 ho 70 000 le bolelele ba limithara tse 30 ho ea ho 7,000.

1S91 intša propelled sethunya ile teng ka cheisi ea GM-ka 568. Weight chelete e ne e le boima ba lithane tse 20,3. Crew Management ne e ena le batho ba bane.

teko Sam

Ka 1959,-ba khahlanong le lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro" e fetile teko ea eona ea pele. Ka lebaka la mosebetsi ona le mefokolo latelang di khetholloa:

• Moea intakes ne atleha moralo.
• afterburning kamoreng e ne e le mofutsana ea nang mogote barbotage mokoallo. phoso ena e ne e le ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore thaethaniamo e sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahisong ea lik'hamera. Mora leka tšepe ena e ile ea nkeloa sebaka ke tšepe.

Ka 1961, ho moqapi ka sehloohong, ba kopanela ka tsoelo-pele ea "Cuba", ba nketsoe sebaka. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha sea ka sa ama matsapa tsa mosebetsi oa ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea-ba khahlanong le lerumo. From 1961 ho 1963 83 metsu ba ne ba qala. Ho bana, tse tharo feela le atlehileng. pulo. Ka 1964 ho Lata pele e nang le warhead o ile a lokolloa. O ileng oa thuloa ke IL-28, tse fofang ka bophahamong mahareng. simolodisiwa ga kumo Ho feta moo ba ne ba atleha. Ka lebaka leo, ka 1967 Komiti ea Mokha oa Makomonisi Central etsa qeto ea ho amohela-ba khahlanong le lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro" ka matsoho a Army. Ho qala mosebetsi o itseng ho bopa e le mohlala bakeng sa diyantle bakeng.

Export phetolelo ea 2K12 "modisekwere, seraro"

Air tshireletso lerumo tsamaiso, eo le litšobotsi tse fapaneng le botlaaseng manaka a eona, e ile a bokella ka 1971. Ho se tšoane ameha tsamaiso ea hore ho phetha ba bonoa ba liphofu moea.

Anti-lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro" ( "Square" - lebitso la dimela ne a rerile hore ya diyantle le) e se e finyelloa ka ho fetola boemo ba sireletsa khahlanong le tshitsiso, ho etsa hore re khone ho khetha pakeng tsa se sepheo sa puso kathoko. The ya diyantle le ea mohlala e ne e loketse bakeng sa tshebediso ya ka chesang e mongobo.

Anti-lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro-M1"

Latelang mosebetsi ka modernization ka 1973, ba hlometseng ka Union Army bonahala e e ntlafetseng ya tlhahiso - ". Modisekwere, seraro-M1" Sam Entsoeng moralo lintlafatso li atolosoa meeli ea libakeng korotse, e ntlafetseng ya tshireletso ya homing hlooho ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea tshitsiso, nako qalang ha feta metsotsoana e 5. Lenakana ea radar e ne fuoa sireletsa liphellong tsa limisaele-ba khahlanong le radar.

Moo ho sebelisa Sam?

From 1967 ho 1982, pele-ba khahlanong le lifofane lerumo tsamaiso e khopo "modisekwere, seraro" e se e ho pharaletseng romeloa linaheng tse ling ho ea linaheng tse sa tšoaneng moo ho na le ba ne ba bolela ntoa. Ha ho se na thuso ea tsamaiso ea moea tshireletso ka Arab-Iseraele ntoa e ile ea timetsoa moea lebotho la Iseraele. Ka 1999, e le hore ho thibela ho libomo tsa Mabotho a NATO ka mafolofolo o ile a sebelisa sena Yugoslavia rarahaneng. The bozangi litomba Sam nkoa ho se phethahale ha metjha e lona a thelevishene ha ikamahanya le maemo ho mosebetsi bosiu. Ka nako ena ea letsatsi hangata e sebetswe bohloko ke NATO.

Tabeng ena, mosebetsi oa "Cuba" e ne e le thuso. Bonahatsa bosiu moea literaeke, lebotho leo la Yugoslavia lahlehileng SAMs tse tharo.

Kajeno Sam "modisekwere, seraro" e sebetsa Slovakia. Sam kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e launcher intša propelled le metsu e meraro. phetolo ena e nkoa e le e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa, 'me o tsejoa e le "modisekwere, seraro-M2" ka letoto la lihlooho tse kaofela tse rarahaneng.