Alder: tlhaloso, kopo ka moriana

Alder se teng harbinger selemo. E qala ka ho thunya, ha ho sa na le lehloa. Limemo hlahella haholo hamorao. sefate ke ea lelapa ea birch.

Alder: Tlhaloso

Ho itšetlehile ka maemo a batho ba phelang, ho ka shebahala e deciduous sefate ho fihlela ho limithara tse 25 kapa shrub kgolo le kutu ho fihlela ho cm, 50. Alder ke ea mefuta e potlako le ntseng le hōla hore e bonahala haholo-holo ea pele lilemo tse 15 tsa bophelo. Hamorao, tshebetso liehisa. Frost manganga le seka-moriti, empa lekane khanya-hlokang.

Karolelano ea lilemo - lilemo tse 40-60, empa limela li tsejoa, 'me ba ile ba fihlela lilemong tse 100 tsa lilemo.

Alder bohlooho (kapa o mosoeu, joalokaha e bitsoa) e na le tsamaiso e sa tebang motso. Tebisa e cm, 20 feela. Ka metso kopana likotoloana pnovaya sekame le ho hōla.

Alder na le kutu tsesaane le boreleli khanya makhapetla ea bohlooho. E monyenyane letlobo ho qalong ka tinge botala, hamorao ho ba sootho. Haholo-holo ka leihlo bao e seng sekgomaretsi catches ea fuzz ilibana eo nyamela ka mor'a nako e itseng.

Makhasi ba oval-e bōpehileng joaloka, e pharaletseng le e hanyenyane supa hodimo. Hola ho fihlela ho 10 cm, le lehlakoreng holim 'a ka e tala e khanyang, le tlase - e bobebe. The makhasi a tsoang lekaleng ba ile ba lokisetsa ka mela e meraro.

Eo tsejoa mefuta e 30 ea limela ena, empa Russia feela tse peli tse atileng ka ho fetisisa: alder, o motsho alder. ea bobeli e boetse e bitsoa theipi.

Lipalesa le ho ikatisa

Catkins hlaha pele ka March kapa April. E motona le e motšehali le ponahalo e fapaneng le e mong le tse ling. Ka buds pele ke nako e telele 'me hangata bokella ka likotoana tse 3-5 hammoho. Masale "e motšehali" oval, maoto e khutšoanyane, e-ba bolelele ba 1.5 cm,. Ba bokelloa ka likotoana tse 8-9. Nyalisa limela nka sebaka ka thuso ea moea.

Ke ho oa ha inflorescences motšehali ba ho ba boima le ho feta 'me a shebahala joaloka utloe nyenyane.

Ka nako e tšoanang e mong selemo le dipeo ea hōlileng tsebong hore a lule solofetsang ka lilemo tse 2. Ba shebahala joang makotomane bolelele ba cm, 1.5 ka mapheo membranous.

Alder sa jala ke dipeo, suckers motso le cuttings. E ka potlako theha e moferong hlaha.

ha namela libakeng tse

sefate e ntse e hōla Russia, haholo-holo karolong e ka leboea ea ho tloaelehile hape Siberia, ho fihlela ho Kamchatka. E fumanoa North America, Asia Minor, ea Caucasus, Serbia, Italy, Fora, hammoho le ka ho fetisisa tsa Europe.

Alder khetha hore e hōle ka le zounu morung, empa o boetse o fumanoang ka morung-steppe le tundra. Amerika Leboea, beha sefate beha a le kotsi ho limela matsoalloa a teng.

Thanks ho peo tsoele pele ho mela e ntle ka potlako ho bopa moferong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng ho ba batsho alder, habonolo adapts ho libaka tse mongobo. Ka lebaka la thepa ena, dimela e atisa ho sebelisa ho matlafatsa e le mabopong a ba linōka, matsoapo, likhohlo, hammoho le ho bōptjoa ha naha agroforestry.

E e ntse e hōla ka calcareous mobu metsi, e leng ho chorisa ka boeona e le ea naetrojene. Komello tlisa bobe. ho ba teng ha sona ka thota e bontša ho ba teng ha metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše.

Alder: e molemo thepa le dikopo

sefate se na le lehong bonolo empa le letšo-letšo le bo bofubelu tinge. Alder bohlooho sebelisoa ka tlhahisong ea retelehela le joinery. Ho manganga ho bola. Popular ho indasteri e thepa ea ka tlung, 'me ho tloha ho ho etsa ya papali ea pampiri.

Ka ho ba teng ha ka linako tsohle mongobo e bapala ntlafatsoa matla, kahoo o ile a sebelisa ka kaho ea mehaho e ka tlas'a metsi, libarele, kena matlo a liliba ntseng bo eketseha litšiea. Dita ke sephutheloana se molemo bakeng sa litholoana.

Patsi ho tloha alder bohlooho e ratoa haholo ke se thabelang, ba chesa hantle, empa u se ke ua mocheso. Nakong e fetileng ba ile ba sebelisoa ho chesetsoang tsoa mosili tloha sebōpi.

Makhapetla ea sefate ke dae e ntle, e ka thusa ho fana ka khubelu, ba batsho le ba bosehla shades ea masela, letlalo le boea.

Balemi ba lirapa sebelisa sprigs ea alder loana le tse senyang lijalo tse kang litoeba le fraser mole. Mpa feela beha ba ka libethe le ho pota lifate tsa litholoana.

Alder ke e ratoa haholo ke har'a beekeepers, peō Ho thehoa ka letlobo le makhasi mocha pele lipalesa.

E sebetsang hantle ka lekhoakhoa le khabisitsoeng le, empa ketsahalong ena e hloka hore motho a kuta kamehla.

Sebelisoa ka moriana

Bakeng sa merero ea phekolo, ho sebedisa makhapetla, makhasi le dikhouno. Lithethefatsi, tse akarelletsang alder, na hemostatic, antibacterial,-ba khahlanong le a hlabang, astringent sebediswa. Ba tse ratoang ka ho phekola mafu a pampitšaneng ena gastrointestinal. Hape, tsena likotoana tsa alder sebelisoa ka sefuba le rheumatism, e leng karolo ea lithethefatsi 'me ke loketseng bakeng sa ho ba lokisetsa ho ea infusions.

Fresh makhasi a na le lehong e ntle diaphoretic le hantle, ba na le phenol carboxylic acid e, provitamin A, ascorbic acid e, vithamine C.

Sebopeho dikhouno alder alkaloids kenyeletsa, alcohols aliphatic, oli tse mafura, steroid, triterpenoids, tannins. E qetellang tse peli tse ka karolong e ka holimo ea semela e.