Tsebahalang lipalo tsa lipolotiki tsa Russia (lethathamo)

ke bo-mang maano a ka? Ena ke motho a kopanela mosebetsing oa theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki boemong setsebi. Ba tšoara ka matsoho a bona ka matla khōlō. Ba bangata ba bona ba tle ho tšimo ena ke hlaheloa ke kotsi kapa e loketseng maemo a ba bang. Lipalo joalo ka mor'a nako ba qala ho lula ka tsoane ka puso ea naha. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le batho ba bo-ralipolotiki tsoang ho Molimo. Di filoe sete e khethehileng ea litšobotsi tse ka seqo, hammoho le charisma, kahoo ba bangata ba batho ba li khetha hore e be baeta-pele ba bona, ba beha qetello ea bona 'me matsoho a bona a loketse ho latela ho isa bofelong. Hamorao ka sehlooho se reng, re hlahisa mananeo a 'maloa, e tla akarelletsa litšoantšo tsa lipolotiki tsa Russia, e ne e akarelletsa ho pale ena.

lilemo tse makholo XVI-XVII

Ho fihlela lekholong la bo16 la lilemo, Russia e ne e le e petsoha pakeng tsa likhosana, 'me e mong le e ba bona ba ka nkoa e le baeta-pele ba lipolotiki le boemo ba mehleng ea hae. Ho phaella moo, naha e haholo nako e telele e ne e le tlas'a joko ea bahlaseli 'ngoe. Qalong ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo, batho ba ile ba fallela ho tloha motho ea etsa qeto ea hore a tsose batho ba ho loantša "occupiers". Ho le joalo, baeta-pele ba mekhatlo ea sechaba ho lokolloa ke pele lipalo tsa lipolotiki tsa Russia. Mona ke mabitso a ba bang ba bona.

• Kuzma Minin. Ka bomalimabe, letsatsi le tobileng la tsoalo ea hae ka litlaleho tsa ho na le, empa e ne e le nakong ea halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo16 la lilemo. O mohale naha le morulaganyi ya lekgotla la tokoloho ntoa.
• Prince Dmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642) - collaborator Minin ka mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa militia ea sechaba. Monument ho lipalo tse peli tse emblazoned ka Red Square.
• Empa moeta-pele oa la balemi ba Ntoa ea lilemo tse 1670-1671 la Stepan Razin (1630-1671), e Cossack Ataman lata matšoele khahlanong le puso ea tsarist. Mona ke mohlala oa boholo-holo o hanyetsoang ka Serussia.

lipalo tsa lipolotiki tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo Russia

Nakong ea puso ea morali oa Peter e Moholo oa Elizabeth le mochana oa hae Anny Ioannovny le Catherine II le mora oa hae Paul ke, ho ne ho litšoantšo tse ngata ba hlaheletseng naheng ena. lipalo tsena tsohle tsa lipolotiki tsa Russia tlatsetsa ho ntlafatso ea naha ea habo bona.

Pele ka lethathamo la batho ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, mohlomong, lokela ho ba le lebitso la Aleksandra Vasilevicha Suvorova. Ho ba e mong oa baeta-pele ba moholo ka ho fetisisa ea sesole ea naha, ha ho mohla a lahlehetsoe ke ntoa.

Prince Dmitry Golitsyn (1734-1803), eo e leng diplomat le setsebi se tsebahalang, a sireletsa lithahasello tsa Russia Fora le Netherlands. O ne a le metsoalle le bo-rafilosofi ba French kang Voltaire.

Balateli ba Catherine II

Ho na lekunutu hore Ekaterina Velikaya qala ho busa ka 'muso o phethotsoe le ntlo ea borena. E mong oa bahlophisi ba lona e ne e le ba itsoakanye le haufi tsa Empress nakong e tlang - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). Ntle le ho mo nakong ea puso ea mofumahali ne bo-ralipolotiki ba bang Serussia, ba 'nileng ba e thehilweng, ka lebaka la mohau oa ho mong'a ya mmuso. mabitso a bona: Grigory Potemkin, Sergei Saltykov, Michael Miloradovich, Grigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov Alexander Lansky, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, Piotr Zavodovsky, joalo-joalo Ha ho bonolo ho thathamisa dithatohatsi kaofela Catherine II, empa hoo e ka bang mong le e mong ba bona ba ne ba bang tšusumetso e ka leano. naheng ka nako e itseng.

The revolutionaries pele

Nakong ea puso ea Mofumahali ea boletsoeng ka holimo e mong oa likelello fetisisa tsebo ea nako eo e ne e le Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev (1749-1802). Tsoelang pele le Revolutionary ho nahana o ne a pele ho nako ea hae, ho buella ho bo felisoe ba serfdom ka har'a naha. Balateli ba maikutlo a hae ba ne ba Revolutionary Russia Nikolay Ogarev (1813-1877), seroki le essayist, hammoho le motsoalle oa hae ea haufi-ufi Herzen, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) - e theorist tsa anarchism, e neng e le karolo ea French, Sejeremane le Czech phetohelo ea 1848-1849 .
Bona "lireng" ka bitsoa Alekseya Arakcheeva (1769-1834) - le matla 'ohle Tsar Alexander I.

Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, ba hlaheletseng lipalo tsa lipolotiki li ne li ke ke tsa bitsoa Sergei Witte (1849-1915). monehelo hae ho ntshetsopele ya mmuso a ke ke a bapisoa le letho. U ka re hore leboha ho maikutlo a hae popontshwa le ea naha e entse hlasimolohe moholo pele.

Tšimoloho ea lekholong la bo20 la lilemo (pele ho Revolutionary nako)

Ka qala ho ea lekholong la mashome a mabeli a Russia ka lebaleng la boithabiso theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki o ile a mangata mekga, ho Mensheviks, ho Bolsheviks, ho Octobrists, ho Revolutionaries Social, ho Mademokrate Social, populists, joalo-joalo Ha ho pelaelo hore baeta-pele ba e mong le e ba bona ba ka habonolo etsa lethathamo la "The-ralipolotiki ba lekholong la bo20 la lilemo Russia (ho tloha). ".

Har'a bona, palo hlaheletseng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le George Plekhanov (1856-1918) - e mong oa baeta-pele ba Menshevik. Nakong ea phetohelo ea 1905-1907. O 'nile a le mafolofolo ntoa khahlanong le maqiti a Bolshevik le leqheka. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), ea tsebahalang ka hore ebe o ile a khethoa hlooho ea 'muso nakwana ka mor'a phetohelo bourgeois, bakeng sa maikutlo a hae tsa lipolotiki ho ile ne sr. E mong ea neng a hlaheletse Russia ralipolotiki ne Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943). O ne a le molula-setulo oa KDPR, e neng e le e mong oa tataiso mekga seatla se bulehileng-monarchist ea naha. Ho monarchists chesehang hape e kenyeletsa ea nang le masimo le leholo le le ralipolotiki Peter Stolypin. Admiral Kolchak (1873-1920) - le molaoli oa Black Sea Fleet ka Pele World Ntoa ka nako e ea poso-Revolutionary ema maikutlo a stats-Revolutionary. E tšoanang ka boleloa se Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) le Anton Denikin. Nakong ea ntoa, ba bossed White Balebeli sesole. Empa e ka boroa ea Russia mabotho stats-Revolutionary khona Nestor Makhno (1889-1934), kapa e le e bitsoa ka batho, Makhno. Ho mokitlane hae ea likhukhuni ketso ho feta feta a le mong. O le litho tsa mokha oa anarchists.

Baeta-pele ba puso ea Soviet Union

tsebahalang lipalo tsena tsa lipolotiki tsa Russia bakeng sa lilemo tse ka bang 73 lilemo tse ba ne ba nkoa bahale. bophelo ba bona ba ne ba litšōmo, ngola libuka tsa lipale, mabitso a bona li ne li bitsoa metseng e meholo, lifektheri le likolo, Komsomol le sa Bopula-maliboho squads. Ba baeta-pele ba Bolsheviks, 'me nakong e tlang - Mokha oa Makomonisi oa Soviet Union.
Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Ulyanov). A hlaha ka 1870, a e-shoa ka 1924 ka lebaka la ketso e likhukhuni. Scientist, Revolutionary, hlaheletseng palo ea lipolotiki. Mora oa October Phetohelo, o ne a nkoa e le moeta-pele oa batho ba neng ba e le karolo ea Soviet Union - e leng naha e bōpiloe ka puello ea hae.

Itsoakanye la Lenin le e mong oa ba hlaheletseng Bolshevik revolutionaries ne Mikhail Kalinin (1875-1946). Ka 1923 o ile a khethoa molula-setulo oa Komiti ea Central Phethahatso ea Soviet Union.

Zheleznyy Feliks - tummeng Cheka Dzerzhinsky, eo sehlōhō sa tsoa utloa tse ngata. O ne a le mong oa revolutionaries fetisisa likhopolo, le hoja e le litloholo tsa lelapa le babatsehang. Hoo e ka bang ho tswa ho matsatsing a pele a ea Soviet Union ka saddle, o ile a e-ba Commissariat la Sechaba la la Litaba Tsa ka hare.

Leon Trotsky (lebitso la ea sebele Bronstein) e le baeta-pele ba hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa Revolutionary tsa Soviet Union. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a lefu Lenin o, o ile a qala ho nyatsa boeta-pele ba Soviet Union, haholo-holo Stalin, e leng seo a neng a lelekoa naheng eo. Kaha ba ile ba lelera ka Europe, a lula Mexico, moo ba ile ba qala ho ngola buka e buang ka Joseph Dzhugashvili - le moeta-pele e ncha ea batho ba Soviet Union. E ne e le Stalin ileng a laela hore ho liquidation la Trotsky. O ile a hlokahala ka 1940 ka tlhaselo e.

Mongoli kakaretso oa CPSU

Ke mang ea ka 'na ho molemo tsebahalang Soviet Union feta USSR le Serussia baeta-pele ba theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki (mora USSR putlama). Har'a bona boemo isang hapa ke bangoli pele la pariah ena. Mona ka tlase ke lethathamo feletseng.

• Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili). O leba moeta-pele ofisi ea kp ka mor'a lefu la Lenin o. Kajeno, lebitso la hae e amana le khatello e mabifi batho ba limilione tse fetang tse peli tsa baahi ba se nang molato tsa Soviet Union, 'me molato ka kaofela e ne e le ho se tšepane pathological tsa moeta-pele ea Soviet Union.
• Nikita Hruschev (1894-1971). Ho tloha ka 1953, o ile a khethoa mongoli oa pele oa CPSU Komiti Central. nako ea "qhibilihisa ile" a qala ka e le qalo ea puso ea hae. Batho ba bangata ba baahi ba hatelloa likampong ba ile ba lokolloa le tsosoloswa. Leha ho le joalo, lefatše le tla mo hopola ka lebaka la eccentricities hae ka Seboka se Akaretsang sa Machaba a Kopaneng holo, otla sethala seeta sa hae.
• Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982). mehla ea hae e ile tšoauoa ka nala, bobolu le tjotjo.
• Yuriy Andropov (1914-1984). Sena se bonahalang eka o thōtseng le o unremarkable motho, pele e e-ba mongoli oa pele oa kp, a leba KGB, e bontša hore bohlale ba lona ka tsela e hlollang le ho koetlisoa ka ho khethehileng. Ka mor'a lefu la Brezhnev, o ile a khetheloa ho ba poso ba mongoli oa pele oa Mokha oa Makomonisi tsa naha. Empa ka poso ena o ile a lula ha ka nako e telele haholo, lilemo tse 2 feela.
• Mongoli e latelang ea Konstantin Chernenko hape ka bokhutšoanyane se ile sa etsa Mokha oa Makomonisi oa Soviet Union, feela ka selemo. Ka mosebetsi oa hae, batho ba seng bakae kajeno ba ka hopola.
• 'Me qetellong, a ho qetela kakaretso mongoli oa CPSU e - Mikhail Gorbachev. O ile a boela ea e-ba mopresidente oa pele oa Soviet Union. Boikutlo bo ho eona e se e tsoakane har'a sechaba. Le lebitso la hae le amahanngoa le perestroika, glasnost, ho putlama ha likhohlano hara-lebatowa, ho disintegration ea linaha Selekane - barupeluoa ba ea Warsaw Pact, ho oa ha Wall Berlin, joalo-joalo

Ralipolotiki ba Russia ea kajeno

Qalong ea lenaneng, ya e le hantle, ke mabitso a batho ba neng ba ka tšimoloho ea puso e ncha Serussia. Le pele har'a bona ke Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin. E ne e le a makomonisi a activist pele e neng e, empa hape e ile ea e ba moeta-pele ea ikemetseng boemo Russia le pele e ratoang kgethilweng mopresidente oa Federation le Serussia. Ka 2000, o ne a ka mabaka a bophelo o ile a tlameha ho tlohela mosebetsi.

Ka mor'a ho tloha Yeltsin o tloha sebakeng seo tsa lipolotiki tsa mesebetsi ea hae li ne li ka nakoana le behiloeng tlhokomelong ea e sa tsejoeng mocha Petersburger Putin. Kajeno, ha ho le jwalo, ha ho na le baeta-pele ba lipolotiki ba lekholong la bo21 la lilemo Russia ke ke qothisane lehlokoa le eena ho tloaeleha har'a sechaba. O ne a habeli ya kgethilweng ho mopresidente oa matla a maholo, 'me qetellong ea nako ea bobeli o ile a fa reins ho compatriot hae Dmitry Medvedev, ka nako e tšoanang etellang poso oa tona-khōlō. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a nako pele Medvedev a khutlisa "baton mopresidente" Putin, 'me a nka poso oa tona-khōlō. Ka bokhutšoanyane, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Ka lekhetlo la boraro o ile a tsoela ka mopresidente oa naha kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.

Baeta-pele ba mekga lipolotiki Russia

Ka qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, ka 90s ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo ea Russia boemo, a mangata a mekga lipolotiki, har'a tse khōlō ka ho fetisisa ke "United Russia", "Apple", ho Liberal Democratic Party, Mokha oa Makomonisi, 'me ba bang. Baeta-pele ba bona e ka ho latellana ketso Vladimir Putin le Dmitry Medvedev, Yavlinsky, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov.

ho ena le hore phetheha

The mananeo hodimo ya Russia litšoantšo ea tummeng oa lipolotiki, ka ho hlakileng, a ke ke a bitsoa feletseng. ho na le ba bangata ho feta makholo a lilemo. Leha ho le joalo, mabitso a bo-ralipolotiki hore di kenyelleditswe ho tsona, hoa khoneha hore motho a bolela lebitso la bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.