Tsamaiso e khopo Antinociceptive batho ho fokotsa bohloko

Antinociceptive tsamaiso ea 'mele oa motho e ka ho hlaka delimited sebopeho methapo ea kutlo teng libakeng tsohle le likarolong tsohle tsa tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. motswako bona ke mofuta oa sehlopha se busang sa a sebetsang a sikiloe neurochemical, ho ba le bokhoni ba ho kgaola tshebetso dibopeho bohloko ka hare ho tsamaiso ea nociceptive.

Action oona tsamaisong antinociceptive

Ha tsamaiso e sebelisoa antipain hangata opiotergicheskaya laoloang potoloho. Ke sebelisana tsa receptors opioid le ligands-opioids. Mediators antinociceptive tsamaiso e khopo a ka thibela boemong bo sa thabiseng mamelleha boikutlo maemong a sa tšoaneng. Ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa mochine a bohloko le a boemong bo sa thabiseng ba ne ba sa ba le maikutlo a hlaheletseng ka bophelo ba motho. Esita le ha bohloko bo fihla, likarolo tshwere oona tsamaisong antinociceptive di kenyelleditswe ka mosebetsi oo u ka ikutloa ka linako tse bohloko ikhule, u etse khefu. Sena ke mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa mochine ona le sireletsang 'mele oa motho ofe kapa ofe.

Meaning of dipilisi narcotic kajeno

Thahasello Narcotic Lithethefatsi, ka tsela eo, le bona ba o ile a beleha tsamaiso antinociceptive. The physiology tsa 'mele oa motho ka ho hlaka boletsoeng ka morero oa lithethefatsi ka moriana: di sebelisoa e le tse matla thethefatsa lithethefatsi tse ka u thusang ho hlōla ho bohloko antinociceptive sistimi kapa ho phetha ka nkang sebaka lona.

Ho fihlela joale, lithethefatsi - tsela feela e atlehang bontshang matshwao kalafo ea bakuli le lefu la kankere. Ho ka etsahala haholo ho lokafatsa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi le eo, e kentse e le hantle bona analgesic. Leha ho le joalo, bohle ba tsebahalang mosing o ka sehloohong oa lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba ka etsa e lekaneng, motho tsitsitse kelellong ka sebōpuoa itšetlehileng ka hlaheloa unearthly bohloko bo boholo 'me mohlomong e ile ea fela mosebetsi oa hae oa pele ho nako.

Phapang pakeng tsa nociceptive le litsamaiso antinociceptive

tsamaiso e khopo Antinociceptive ke tlhotlheletsang bohloko, e leng tiisa bohloko liphesente tse lekholo temoho. Ho hlahloba lentsoe lena, phapang pakeng tsa khopolo ena le poleloana e reng "tsamaiso kutlo" e ka hlalosoa habonolo. Kaha ba ile ba fumana motheo "sesebediswa", 't. E. Kahoo hlalosang semanolli ka feela bitsoa sekhechana fapaneng tsa tsamaiso ea kutlo, e nociceptive le tsamaiso antinociceptive cumulatively emela se feela ho tlhotlheletsang,' me e ho intša somatic oona tsamaisong ena e rarahaneng.

Ho utloisisa se boleloang ke sena, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho fana ka mohlala. Itloaetseng ho tseba Maemong a sa tloaelehang la ho hloka bohloko boikutlo bo ka hare ho batho, ke tlhaho. Ho sa le joalo, ba ka sehloohong nociceptive tsela eo ba sebetsang ka tsela e tloaelehileng, ke hore,. E. thibela mochine o sebetsang mosebetsi bohloko.

Jwalo ka ha ho bohloko le ho tšoha bohloko?

Ke ba 70 go th lilemo tsa tse lekholo tse fetileng, bafuputsi ba a qetella a thehoa e maikutlo a ka karolo ena ea tsamaiso e bohareng ea methapo e le boko oona tsamaisong antinociceptive. Ka nako eo, bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona ho theha mefokolo lona ba bohloko nyakallo, mehaho e overvoltage thibelo nociceptive lefapha. Ho eketseha ho teneha nociceptive a sebetsang a tsamaiso e khopo braking qholotsa tshebetso ena likarolo antipain.

Ditletlebo bohloko ka etsahala feela ha tlas'a litla feteletseng ka 'mele oa oona tsamaisong antinociceptive ke ke a hatella ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea lintlha extraneous. Fokotswa Brake mosebetsi e tletse lintho tse ngata overexcitation oona tsamaisong nociceptive le ho etsa hore e sa lebelloang e sa lebelloang bohloko ea tlhaho psychogenic ka ho tloaelehile ho feletseng makala le batho bao e seng kula.

Analgesic tsamaiso ea sebopeho sa 'mele

Nahana ka taba ea antinociception (antinociceptive oona tsamaisong), o lokela ho lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho metsoako e mong. Har'a bona, pele ho tsohle ho ke ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela metsoako ea dorsal midbrain le medulla (ea bohlooho taba, e khubung ea sebopeho reticular le raphe khubu, gelatinous karolo ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo).

Thanks ho bona, ho na le motheo emisang bohloko. Motho o khaotsa ho ikutloa bohloko ha sheba nociceptive nyakallo ts'ebetsong amenable ho thibelo. mosebetsi ona ke oa taolo theoha bohloko. Lintho tse ka sehloohong mafolofolo braking tshebetso ketso opioids le ba bang ba li-hormone, e kang serotonin. Nepahetse ho ba bitsa modulators hobane ba ho fetola ea pele boemo ba lekanyelitsoeng methapo ea kutlo, ha se ea fetang ka tsela ea bona ho na le phello e thabisang.

Neurotransmitters le receptors opeloa oona tsamaisong antitsitseptivnoy

Ba ka sehloohong le predetermining methapo ea kutlo tsamaiso ea analgesic ba elang sebakeng taba ea bohlooho ba midbrain ena. karolo ea bohlokoa mona le axons, tse bochaba ikutloeleng e hypothalamus le mekgwa e meng ea setseng bokong Lefatše. Ba ne ba boetse ba le seabo ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng ho thapo lesapo la mokokotlo. Mediators tsa methapo ea kutlo tsena e nkoa e pentapeptides, tse akarelletsang enkephalins subspecies. mediators joalo ka mokgwa wa-amino acid lokela fumana methionine, le leucine.

Enkephalins khona ka nako batlang e le khutšoanyane, ho qapa kaofela receptors le opiate. Ha opiatergicheskih synapses, receptors tsena li fumaneha haholo-holo ka lera, e leng o phethahatsa ka mesebetsi ea postsynaptic "cushion". Ba sa kopanele synapses ho ba bohloko, ha lera la lokela ho abelwa mediators tataisa phutholoha nyakallo tswa neuron ho khetheha ho e 'ngoe.

E se nang sesosa oona tsamaisong antinociceptive na le tšobotsi receptors opioid, tse eketsehileng metabotropic. Di hangata bo amahanngoa le bioregulator baka thibelo ea adenylate cyclase ka ho amohela intracellular. Le ka liphello tse ka holimo kaofela ke khathatsoa tsamaisong tswakana antipain. Ntle pathological phokotso ea k'halsiamo ka 'mele oa motho kenyeletsa mediators se ka sehloohong sa bohloko, sa t. E.' Mele o qala ho hlahisa bona ba le bang. The mediators atileng ka ho fetisisa la ho opeloa ha ke tsena:

• ntho P;
• cholecystokinin;
• somatostatin;
• asiti glutamic.

Hypothalamus le setseng ea Lefatše ea boko - activators ea nkang khato

Ke sebōpeho sa tsamaiso akarelletsa antipain analgesic dibopeho hypothalamic le somatosensoriske cortex ea setseng bokong Lefatše. The immensity tsa ama batho bona inhibitory ka nociceptive mekgwa motho e fihlellwa ka:

• thibelo ea litla tlaase ho linoka ka methapo ea kutlo ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo;
• bochaba braking phello e methapo ea kutlo ea thalamus ea;
• liphello butswe tsamaisong ea tse boletsoeng ka holimo tsa taolo holimo-fatše tsa mariki le.

Disengagement la bohloko 'meleng

tsamaiso ea Nociceptive le antinociceptive tsa 'mele li ka tšebelisano e haufi. Ea bobeli e hlahisa e se nang sesosa dikarolo opioid, eo ha e le hantle ke lithethefatsi ka hare.

Tsena li akarelletsa endorphins, dynorphin, 'me joalo-joalo. D. The peculiarity ya lik'hemik'hale tse moepa peptide tatellanong, joaloka limolek'hule tse nyenyane protheine hore li na le-amino acid.

Karolo e phethoang ke peptides bao e seng opioid le opioid

Ka palo e molemo ea methapo ea kutlo e kenyeletsang antinociceptive oona tsamaisong receptors itseng teng ho dintho tse joalo. Ka mohlala, a kopana le receptors opioid hangata e bonahala ka morago ga moo e braking tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ka bomong. Tabeng ena, nociceptive bohloko tsamaiso e khopo fetoha thibang le bohloko hoo e ka bang ha e itšoara joang. The ntho e methapo ea kutlo tse nyenyane oona tsamaisong analgesic ke obstruction tsa phetiso le kabo ya bohloko morago ga moo e nyakallo ketane dipheletso.

Tsela taolo ya ho hlaha ha bohloko bo akarelletsa ha feela opioid peptides. Bao e seng opioid peptides (mohlala, neurotensin) Hape ama ho qetela bolevospriyatie batho. Hlahang ho tloha tse fapa-fapaneng mehloli, bohloko a ka thibela metsoako noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin le catecholamines tse ling.

Joang mochine oa hatelloang tsa bohloko?

Antinociceptive mosebetsi ea tsamaiso ea 'mele e ka ba litsela tse ngata:

1. The mochine ea nkang khato e potlakileng. Ho na ba ikutloa ka tsela ea e le susumetsang bohloko, a etsa hore synaptic nyakallo ka tsamaiso ea theoha taolo inhibitory. Ka hare ho lenaka morao tsa khoele lesapo la mokokotlo ka nako ena ka bonoa fokotsa afferent nociceptive tlhotlheletso. Ka karolo e khōlō ea analgesia mochine ona. Ha hatelloang la bohloko ka nako sebetsa tse peli le bohloko bo hlasimollang.
2. The mochine oa ketso e khutšoanyane. Qala ho hypothalamus, e amang taolo Brake oona tsamaisong theoha mofuta oa dorsal midbrain le medulla. Ho ebe o kenya tshebetsong mochine ka fokotsa le nyakallo ea bohloko ka boemo ba stressors lesapo la mokokotlo 'me ka linako tse ling tsa boko hlokahala.
3. The mochine oa ketso e telele. Litsi tse ka sehloohong ba sebakeng hypothalamus le, ba butswe ho bohloko kamehla. Updraft bohloko nyakallo e fetisoa ho likarolong tsohle tsa taolo tlaase. Ke tsamaiso nociceptive kopanya coloration maikutlong bohloko. Joalo fopholetsa maemong a mangata hase sepheo.
4. Tonic mochine. Ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa hae kamehla tsamaiso e khopo antinociceptive tshehetswa litsi libakeng orbital le tse tobileng tsa cortex bokong. Ba leng teng ka lobe tse tobileng, ka mor'a mahlo. Ketsahalo nociceptive sebopeho tiisa ka kamehla braking sebediswa. Ke tsela eo, sena se ka bonoa, le ho ba sieo ka ho feletseng bohloko.

bohloko ke eng?

Antsinotsitseptivnaya tsamaiso ea 'mele, ho laola sebopeho ya cortex bokong, o thusa ho lokisa bakeng sa phello ea pele ho tlakasela,' me joale nka hlasimollang ea bohloko le ea fokotseha ea sa thabiseng, sensations ba sa phutholoha.

From tsohle tse ka holimo, u ka atamela qeto e bonolo hore matla le mofuta wa bohloko esale pele lintlha tsa ea ka tšebetso ea litsamaiso tse peli tse: nociceptive le antinociceptive. Pele - bohloko, e ea bobeli - antipain. The specifics ea sebelisana bona rerang mofuta wa bohloko hlahelang motho. bohloko e ka ba e fapaneng, ka tsela e latelang:

• Hyperalgesia - boemo ha eketseha nahanela ho bohloko, ka lebaka la tseo a ka ba ka holimo pherekano oona tsamaisong nociceptive kapa antinociceptive tlaase oona tsamaisong nyakallo.
• Hypoalgesia - boemong ka fokotswa nahanela ho bohloko bo bakoang ke phello bo fapaneng: bohloko antinociceptive tsamaiso e khopo e ile ea eketseha le ho fokotseha nociceptive oona tsamaisong nyakallo.

Bobeli maemo a ka ba le phello e ntle 'mele,' me ba haholo-holo itšetlehile ka monyako oa bohloko. boleng ena e emela ka bao e seng ee sa fetoleng boemo nkehang motsoako, e tla fapana le litšobotsi tsa bohloko le tsamaiso ea analgesic. Le antinociceptive le theha e sebopeho le 'ngoe nociceptive bohloko rarahaneng, ho ba feela likarolo tsa lona.

Seo sokela ho ba utloisa bohloko monna?

Ho ena le hoo rarahaneng kutlo bolevospriyatiya tsamaiso e khopo ho hlokahala hore motho eo hore a lule a le 'mele le likarolo tsa lona ka botšepehi. Ho feta moo, tsamaiso ea tsena ho sebetsa mafu a (bohloko le antipain) ama bophelo ba motho hampe. Ka a hlobaetsang le khutšoanyane kapa a sa foleng sensations bohloko, e latelang le hlaha:

1. robala meferefere.
2. Ho hloka takatso ea ho kopanela liphate.
3. Teneha, inattention.
4. The fokotseha ka mosebetsi likoloi.
5. Ho tetebela maikutlo, ba tepeletseng maikutlo-tlhaloganyo maikutlo mmuso.

Ditletlebo bohloko - lefu

bohloko e matla ka a liehe ho hema, ka linako tse ling esita le ba khaotse ho ka ho feletseng, ha ba ntse ba ho fokola semelo sa bohloko ka ama matsapa lona. Ka utloe bohloko bo boholo eketsa lebelo leo pelo, e ile ea eketseha khatello ea mali, e leng se ka senyang ntshetsopele ya pheriferale vascular spasm.

Ntlha ea pele, letlalo e ba lerootho, empa bohloko dilated nako e khutsoanyane methapo ea mali baka Flushing eona. Fokotswa secretion ea mathe, lero gastric le tlhahiso ea manyeme le, mala peristalsis emeisa, tseo hangata li lebisang ho anuria. Ntshetsopeleng ya ea tšosa bohloko ha utloe bohloko bo boholo ke tletse lintho tse ngata le liphello tse bolaeang.