Trigeminal khoutu le tshebetso ya ka yuniti ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso

Baahi ba pele ba lefatše lena ke ho ka etsahala hore ba be le bophelo bo bonyenyane haholo. Ho iphetola ha lintho ka tataiso tsohle tse phelang etsahalang ikutloeleng prolonging bophelo ba e phelang ho tlwaetsa le atlehe ho maemo a tikoloho, mekgwa ntshetsopele ya tlwaetsa le monyetla oa ho fetisetsa boiphihlelo meloko e ileng ea latela. Bopa hlahisa limolek'hule ho latela morero oa e lumelloa bophelo Lefatšeng ho fumana foothold 'me ba qala ho ntshetsopeleng e atlehileng. The mochine oa polokelo popeho le phetiso ea boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso fetoloa tsamaiso ea sa tsoaneng e le liphatsa tsa lefutso, moo karolo ya sehlooho - tshebetso unit trust ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso.

The thuto ea sehlooho ea baeloji ea limolek'hule

Lefutso - ke karolo e khōlō ea tswelopela likokoana-hloko ea bophelo. Nature bōpileng mekgwa phetiso le ho ikatisa ya tlhahisoleseding liphatsa tsa lefutso ke khouto ya liprotheine ka sebopeho ketane acid nucleic. Mesebetsi ya acid nucleic (DNA le RNA) - boloka tlhahisoleseding le fetisetsa ho sebōpeho sa liprotheine le. Le liprotheine ke liphetoho tshilong ya dijo ka etsoa phenotypic pontšo ea ya data ena. The khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso - guttate popeho boloka tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le sebopeho le protheine ka ngola triplets lona tsa nucleotides ka ketane nucleic acid e. Ho tse nyenyane tsa tshebetso ya ka yuniti ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso e na le boitsebiso bo mabapi le bonyane mehaho unit trust liprotheine - e triplet tsa nucleotides ka DNA kapa RNA ketane. lesedi ntse a tšoaetsanoang ka ho tswa ho DNA ho mRNA le mRNA ho tloha tse ling tse RNA le protheine limolek'hule.

Bokahohle oona tsamaisong tsoaneng e

Ka kutloisiso ea khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa saense ho ile ha nka lilemo tse lekholo, 'me katoloso e ntle lona - feela lilemo tse leshome tse. Ho tloha selelekeleng tsa khopolo ea sebōpeho sa DNA habeli Helix (1953, Watson le Crick) tlang ho utloisisa karolo ea hae e le lintho tse bonahalang tse lefa, 'me a qala ho batla bakeng sa litlhaku tsa alfabeta, tse tlalehiloeng ka boitsebiso bo lona. khopolo ea hore tshebetso unit trust ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso, nucleotide mong hang-hang a ne a ke ke ema ho nyatsuoa. A mane e tlatsetsang nucleotide (adein, guanine, cytosine le thymine) DNA ka encode liprotheine tsa 21 amino acid. Thuto ea lipalo, fisiks le litsebi tsa baeloji li amehang ka mafolofolo ho batla tsamaiso e khouto 'me ka potlako ile a fumana hore ka amino acid e le' ngoe Coding tatelano ea nucleotides tse tharo. Kahoo, tshebetso ya ka yuniti ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso - ke triplet tsa nucleotides, ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa tswakana tsa acid e protheine amino. Triplets (codons) ea 64, eo 61 - ka kutloisiso ena codons (khouto amino acid), le 3 setseng - lefeela. Ha ba etsa tlhahiso leseding ka acid e amino, 'me ho sebetsa ka setopong codon qapa kapa ho tlatsa le tswakana tsa protheine molek'hule.

Triplet - tshebetso ya ka yuniti ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso

Biopolymer nucleic acid e molek'hule e na le monomers - nucleotides. Tseo, le eena, a bōpa e DNA e tsoelang pele ho eo e lesedi mongwalollo thulaganyou e e fetisoa ho mRNA ho latela foreime e bala, moo le nyenyane ka ho fetisisa khoutu boleng na le triplet tsa nucleotides - sa t. bala foreime susumelletsa unidirectionally, 'me o na le lintho tse hlakileng khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso le degeneracy ea unambiguity (redundancy).

Pointedness le ikhetha

lesedi Triplet e ferekanye, i.e. karo-karolelano ea acid e 1-t -1 amino hase variably. Amino acid e ka khouthollotsweng le triplets 'maloa, empa itseng triplet - ho khetheha e amino acid e. bala foreime e kamehla tsamaisoa ka tsela e tšoanang, 'me sena ke ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha triplets, ho qapa bala le ho tlatsa e. Ho tloha ka protheine ntse sebopeho tsitsitseng. E mong thepa ea triplets - disjointness. Sena se bolela hore nucleotide ke hakaalo karolo ea triplets, empa le 'ngoe feela feela.

The redundancy tsa tlhaho

The degeneracy ea (redundancy) ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso - ena ke polokeho thōko ea ntho e phelang. O sireletsa liseleng tse khahlanong le liphello tse bosula tsa liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso. E mong le e unit trust tshebetso ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka feta tloswa 1, 2 le ho 3 nucleotides ka triplet ka. Kahoo, 9 of substitutions positional ka e mong le e substitutions triplet nucleotide ka e mong le e 4-1 = 3 khoneha mothofatso, 'me ka lebaka leo re fumana 61 ke 9 = 549 variants emeng nucleotides ka triplet ka. Sena ke tse ngata ho feta ke ho hlokahala hore encode ea 21 amino acid. pereizbytochnost ena kapa degeneracy, 'me a fana ka ba teng tsa likokoana-hloko ea bophelo le phokotso ea ho bonyane ba liphoso ha ba bala boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso.

Codon kapa triplet?

Ka lingoliloeng, ka triplet tsa nucleotides, ka conglomerate tshebetso bitsoa triplet kapa codon. ke phapang le hore na e ke efe? Poleloana e reng "codon" le sebelisitsoe ka tshebetso e tobileng ea phetolelo - fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding ho tswa RNA ho protheine molek'hule. Poleloana e reng "triplet" le sebelisitsoe ka moelelo oa taba pharaletseng labeled semantic, ha e hlalosang lesedi bala foreime le bobeli RNA le DNA.