Theologia ea phepo e nepahetseng. Lintho tsa bohlokoa tsa physiology ea phepo e nepahetseng

Lijo ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse kholo tsa bophelo bo botle, mosebetsi le boleng ba bophelo ba motho ka kakaretso. Empa, e le hore likarolo tsena tsohle li phethahale, ho hlokahala hore ho fane ka 'mele ka nako e itseng ka lintho tse ling ka karolelano e nepahetseng le lebelo. Thuto ea thuto ea phepo e nepahetseng ea ho ja lijo tsa motho: o na le liprotheine tse kae, mafura, lik'habohaedreite, livithamine le liminerale bakeng sa ho sebetsa hantle. Hape lekala lena la saense le lebisitse tlhokomelo litseleng le nako ea ho ja lijo, boholo ba tsona le thepa ea bona.

Li-carbohydrate

The physiology ea phepo e nepahetseng ea batho e fana ka lik'habohaedreite e le karolo e ka sehloohong ea matla a metabolism. Ka lebaka la bona, motho ka potlako o fumana matla le matla, ho akarelletsa le ho etsa mesebetsi ea kelello. Li-carbohydrate li etsa mesebetsi e 'maloa ea bohlokoa:

• Plastiki (ke karolo ea litho tsa litho tse sa tšoaneng);
• Ho laola (ka ho qhibiliha ha mafura ha ho lumelloe ho bokella ketone);
• Tonic (etsa hore ts'ebetso e sebetsane le tsamaiso ea methapo);
• Detoxification (tlosa lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi).

Ho ea ka lik'hemik'hale, karolelano ea liathomo tsa haedrojene le oksijene e tšoana le limolek'hule tsa metsi.

Lihlahisoa tsa lijo li fumane lik'habohaedreite tsa mefuta e meraro:

• Li-monosaccharide metsoako (e emeloang ke tsoekere le fructose);
• Lik'hemik'hale tsa oligosaccharide (tse emetsoeng ke sucrose, lactose le maltose);
• Li-polysaccharide metsoako (e emeloang ke starch, glycogen, cellulose le lintho tse pectin).

Mohloli oa lik'habohaedreite - haholo-holo lijo tsa limela: litholoana, meroho, lijo-thollo, joalo-joalo.

Mafura

Lintho tsa motheo tsa boipheliso le tsa phepo e nepahetseng li na le karolo ea lihlahisoa tse lekaneng tsa lijo, kaha matla a bona a bohlokoa ke a mabeli ho feta a liprotheine le lik'habohaedreite. Lipids ke karolo ea lisele tsa 'mele mme li ameha ka mekhoa ea kaho.

Feela ka boteng ba mafura ke ho qhibiliha le ho tšoana ha li-vithamine A, D le E. Ka metsoako ea lipid e teng ka lintho tse phelang tse sebetsang: hocopherol, lecithin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterol. Ho ntlafatsa tatso ea lijo le ho eketsa bohlokoa ba eona ba phepo e nepahetseng ho ka khoneha ka lebaka la ho eketsoa ha mafura.

Lihlahisoa tsa lijo ke, ha e le hantle, metsoako ea bohlokoa ea glycerin le mafura a acids. Metsoalle ena e arotsoe ka likaroloana tse peli: e phethehile ebile e sa sisinyehe. The physiology of nutrition e fana ka bohlokoa bo bongata ba likokoana-hloko mafura a polyunsaturated acids, ho li lekanyetsa le livithamine.

Lipids ka phepo e nepahetseng ea liphoofolo li emeloa ke mafura a mafura a mangata (nama ea kolobe, nama ea khomo, konyana, joalo-joalo), meroho - unsaturated (oli, linate, lipeo).

Liprotheine

Lintho tsa bohlokoa tsa 'mele ea phepo e nepahetseng e khethoa liprotheine e le boemo bo hlokahalang ba bophelo. Har'a tsona, lisele tsohle le lisele tse ling li hahoa 'meleng oa motho. Mesebetsi ea liprotheine e fapane: polasetiki, li-catalytic, li hlahisa, li sireletsa, antitoxic, lipalangoang le tse ling.

Ka limela tsa lik'hemik'hale, liprotheine li na le mapolesa a rarahaneng a nitrogen a nang le amino acid, tse 25 tsa tsona li emetsoe ka lijo. Boholo ba bona bo hlahisoa ke 'mele (ho nkeloa sebaka), ba bang ba tla feela ka lijo (ho sa khoneheng).

Bohloeki le theknoloji ea phepo e nepahetseng li nahanela bohlokoa ba lihlahisoa tsa protheine, haholo-holo tse nang le li-proteine tse feletseng, tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tse nang le mafura a amino. E loketseng ka ho fetisisa tabeng ena ke lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo tse hlahang (nama, mahe, lebese). Hangata liprotheine tsa limela ha li na mokhoa o rarahaneng oa amino acid (soy, buckwheat, linaoa, bran, joalo-joalo).

Macronutrients

Lintho tsa motheo tsa phekolo ea phepo e nepahetseng li nka li-macronutrients e le lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetsong ea bohlokoa ea sebōpeho, ho kenya letsoho mekhoeng ea metsoako ea maemo a sa tšoaneng. Lintho tsena li bohlokoa haholo ho haha masapo a hlokang khalsiamo le phosphorus.

Li-macronutrients li kenyelletsa:

• Khalsiamo (lebese, chisi, chisi ea cottage);
• Phosphorus (tlhapi, nama, bohobe, chisi, linaoa, lijo-thollo);
• Magnesiamo (bohobe, lijo-thollo, linaoa, linate);
• Letsoai la sodium (saline tafoleng);
• Potasiamo (litapole, liapole, linaoa, lierekisi);
• Chlorine (bohobe, letsoai);
• Sebabole (nama, tlhapi, mahe).

Ho haella ha likhetho ho lebisa mafung a fapa-fapaneng a litho tsa 'mele le mekhoa ea tsamaiso, pele masapo le methapo ea mali e utloa bohloko.

Lintlha Tseo U li Khethang

Li-microelements li etsa mesebetsi e mengata, e leng ho netefatsa hore ho sebetsa hantle ha litho tse phelang ka kakaretso le litho tsa eona ka bomong.

Sehlopha sa microelements se akaretsa:

• Mofuta oa sebete (sebete sa liphoofolo, li-groats);
• Zinc (sebete, linaoa);
• Iodine (sea kale, sebete sa cod, tlhapi ea leoatle);
• Fluorine (litlhapi tsa leoatle, metsi, li-teas).

The physiology of nutrition e lebisitsoe tlhophisong ea ho ja lijo tse nang le mefuta e mengata e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle.

Li-vithamine

Bukeng ea buka ea "Biology. Physiology of Nutrition (Grade 7), tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le divithamine e hlahisoa likarolo tse 'maloa. Karolo ea bona bakeng sa bophelo ba 'mele e thata ho feta. Lintho tsena tse sebetsang li teng ka li-enzyme le lihomone, li kopanela mekhoeng ea ts'ebetso, ho netefatsa hore li lumellana mosebetsing oa litho le litsamaiso.

Li-vithamine ha li hlahisoe ke 'mele, kahoo lijo tsa tsona tsa lijo li bohlokoa. Bothata bo lebisa ponahalong ea maloetse, mokhathala o eketsehileng, ho fokotseha hantle le ho itšireletsa mafung.

Lijo tse nepahetseng li lokela ho ba le livithamine tse latelang:

• A - e boloka bophelo bo botle le bocha ba letlalo, botle bo bonahalang, ho itšireletsa (mehloli: lihoete, mahe, lebese, herring, sebete);
• B ₁ - e fana ka tshebetso ea mesifa le methapo ea methapo, tlhahiso ea matla (mehloli: raese, nama, limela, linate);
• B ₂ - e thusa ho hōla le matla a metabolism (mehloli: lehe yolk, likhoho, litlhapi, tomoso);
• B ₆ - e thusa ho tšoara lik'habohaedreite le mafura, e tšehetsa liketso tsa li-enzymatic (mehloli: litapole, tlhapi, nama, bohobe ba lijo-thollo, meroho);
• B ₁₂ - e thibela phokolo ea mali, mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo (mehloli: lijo tsa leoatle, lebese, nama, mahe);
• C - e thusa ho itšireletsa mafung, bophelo bo botle ba meno, letlalo le masapo (mehloli: li-orange, lemons, li-currants tse ntšo, li-dogro, lipelepele tse monate);
• D - e khothaletsa ho fumana khalsiamo, kholo ea meno le lipekere (mehloli: tlhapi e mafura, lihlahisoa tsa lebese);
• E-e sireletsa 'meleng ho tsoa khoeleng ea lisele tsa cellular, e khothalletsa ho tsosolosoa ha letlalo (mehloli: nama, oli ea limela, lijo-thollo).

The physiology of nutrition e bolela ho kenngoa ha livithamine ka mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho rarahaneng, ho ntlafatsoa ho nahanisisa ka lilemo le mokhoa oa bophelo oa motho.

Bohloeki ba Lijo

Ntle le ho nahanisisa ka lihlahisoa tsa microbiological tsa lihlahisoa, phekolo ea phepo e nepahetseng - bohloeki le tlhoekiso ea boitšoaro ba ho ja. Melao-motheo ea eona e ka hlahisoa ka mokhoa o latelang:

1. Lijo li lokela ho ba tse sa tšoaneng kamoo ho ka khonehang.
2. Letsatsi ka leng u lokela ho ja lijo tse tsoang phofo, lijo-thollo kapa litapole ka makhetlo a 'maloa.
3. Ho ikoetlisa kamehla ke ntho e ntle.
4. Ho hlokahala hore u je litholoana le meroho e mecha letsatsi le leng le le leng.
5. Ho bohlokoa ho boloka tlaleho ea mafura ka lijo, e le ho lakatsehang ho nkela phoofolo sebaka ka meroho.
6. Fokotsa tšebeliso ea tsoekere e hloekisitsoeng.
7. U se ke ua sebelisa hampe tlatsetso ea letsoai sejana.

Tokisetso ea lijo e lokela ho netefatsa hore polokeho le ho boloka lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa (haholo-holo ho pheha, tse kenyelletsang ho pheha, ho baka, ho pheha microwave).

Ho latela melao ena e bonolo ho tla ntlafatsa boleng ba lijo.

Ho hlahisa lijo

Potso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa, e amanang le' mele ea phepo e nepahetseng, ke theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea lijo. Ka tsela e loketseng, maemo a indasteri a lokela ho hlophisoa ka tsela e lekanang hore boleng ba lisebelisuoa tse lekaneng bo eketseha. Tšebeliso e ka sehloohong ea sehlahisoa sena e tla rarolloa eseng feela ka litaba tsa limatlafatsi, empa le ka tekanyo eo li ka kenngoa ka eona ke 'mele. Bothata bona bo amahanngoa le ts'ebetso ea bobeli le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa 'mele.

Ho sa tsotellehe mathata 'ohle, ho thehiloe ka tieo hore lijo tsa boleng li fumanoa hantle haholo ho feta tse entsoeng ka thepa e sa tloaelehang le e sa tloaelehang. Ha li monate haholo ebile li monate lijo, li tla ba tsa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa 'mele. Taba ena e tlameha ho nkoa ka hloko nakong ea tlhahiso ea lijo.

Lits'ebeletso tsa motheo tsa bohloeki

Lintho tsa liprotheine, mafura, lik'habohaedreite, livithamine le liminerale li hlahlojoa ke likokoana-hloko tse phelang, phekolo ea phepo e nepahetseng. Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebetso e lebisitsoe tlhophisong ea melao ea bohloeki boemong ba ho hloekisa le ho sebelisoa ha lijo. Li thibela tšilafalo ea lihlahisoa, ho kenella likokoana-hloko tsa mafu a bakang chefo le mafu a 'maloa.

Tlhokomelo e khethehileng e lefshoa maemo a hloekileng a ho pheha libakeng tsa lijo tsa sechaba. Tekano e phahameng ea bohloeki ba basebetsi e susumetsa setso sa ho sebelisana le bareki.

Melao ea mekhoa ea bophelo bo botle e fana ka litlhoko tse itseng bakeng sa maemo a matsoho, molomo, li-overalls, maemo a mokhatlo, tlhahlobo ea meriana e tloaelehileng ea basebetsi.

Bohloeki ba motho e mong le e mong lijong bo bolela ho hlatsoa matsoho ka ho feletseng, 'me, ha ho hlokahala,' mele oohle, ho hloeka ha liphahlo, tšebeliso ea lijana tsa lijana. Ka pel'a mafu a tšoaetsanoang, ho buisana le batho ba bang ho lokela ho fokotsoa.

Ho ja lijo tsa phepo e nepahetseng e le taeo ea saense

Taeo ea "phepo ea phepo e nepahetseng" e rutoa ka mokhoa o hatelletsoeng likolong tsa sekolo, 'me e sebelisoa mekhatlo ea litsebi tsa thuto. E akarelletsa ho ithuta ka mekhoa ea phekolo e amanang le phepo e nepahetseng, tikoloho le likarolo tsa bongaka tsa phepo e nepahetseng ea batho, motheo oa ho tsuba. Karolo e kholo ea lihlopha e itšetlehile ka ho ithuta limatlafatsi, melao-motheo ea ho romela, ho hloekisa le ho hloekisa lihlahisoa ho hlophisa, ho sebetsana le ho boloka lihlahisoa. The physiology ea phepo e nepahetseng le metheo ea saense ea thepa ke mokoetla oa ho qetela o akarelletsang karolo ea moruo ea bothata.