The Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma: liphoofolo le limela

The Red Book - ke tokomane ka sehloohong, e leng e na le thepa ea ka boemo jwale ya mefuta e sa tloaelehang le le kotsing ea limela le liphoofolo lefatšeng. Ka lebaka la ya data tsena e phethahatsoa ho ntshetsa pele mehato ea saense le e sebetsang bakeng sa ho sireletsa le ho ikatisa exemplar haella.

Books khubelu ke maemo a fapaneng (machaba, naha le lebatowa).

Red Book la Federation ea Russia

Mosebetsi oa ka Red buka ea Russia ea kajeno e ile a qala ka 1992, empa phatlalatso ena ka boeona e ile ea hatisoa feela ka 2001. Ho tloha ka nako eo, e qala ho bonahala lebatowa Red Data Books amanang feela ho ba bang ba sebakeng seo e itseng kapa bohale. Lingoliloeng tsena e sebetsa Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma. Liphoofolo le limela tse ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka khatiso ena dilated, a thahasella batho, eseng feela ya sebakeng Kostroma, empa hape baahi ba Federation le Serussia.

Sehlooho sena se ke lethathamo khutšoanyane ea liphoofolo tsa Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma, hammoho le lethathamo la dimela le linonyana. Tlhaloso tobileng. ea e mong le mofuta thoko ho u thusa ho utloisisa hamolemo hore na botle le bokhabane ba mofuta ruuoang tsa lefatše, e leng lokela ho ho bolokoa le ho sireletsoa.

sebakeng Kostroma

Kostroma Oblast e teng ka ka leboea-bochabela ea European Russia. Ho e teng ka har'a maralla Moraine, ka linako tse ling esita le mokhoabo lithoteng.

sebakeng seo ke tumme ka metsi a lona. Ka naha ea sebaka se Kostroma ho na le ba ka bang likete tse tharo linōka, bobeli kholo le tse nyenyane, ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa eo ke Volga. Ho fetisisa ea tšimo e sebakeng ya e koahetsoe ke meru, hangata phaene. Ka hona, e 'ngoe ka inahanela hore na ba ruileng le ba tse fapa-fapaneng ke limela le liphoofolo tsa sebaka seo, eo tikoloho e joalo e fapaneng' me o na lifahleho tse ngata: ho le moferefere noka phallang, 'me tšesaane tebang melapo; ena lenngoeng le letšo-letšo, 'me metsi makhulo grassy.

ke mefuta e mengata ea limela le liphoofolo ho sireletsa Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma eng? Photo le tlhaloso ya lona e tla filed sehloohong sena.

Liphoofolo. vertebrates

Baemeli ba liphoofolo tsa sebakeng Kostroma - bao e meru phutholohile phelang le tundra. Ho ea ka ya data official, tikolohong eo ho na le o ile a ithuta vertebrates tse makholo a mararo tse mashome a tšeletseng a metso e tšeletseng, mashome a robeli a metso e tšeletseng tsa tsona li nkoa a fumanoa seoelo kapa kotsing ea ho timela.

Liphoofolo Kostroma sebakeng, ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book - ke hore, ka holim'a tsohle, linonyana le litoeba. Leha ho na le har'a bona, 'me libatana tse li jang, tse kang mink European.

The European mink - ka e anyesang tsa lelapa mongoose. O ile a lulang ka mabōpong a metsi a hloekileng e le ka bonolo mekgokolosa mabōpong, overgrown le joang le alders, jang litlhapi, crayfish le tsona lihohoana. Ka linako tse ling e ka ba ho fepa likhoho.

The tšobotsi khethollang ea mofuta ona - ho lera ho sesa pakeng tsa menoana ea maoto. mink 'mele bolelele ranges ho tloha cm, 28 ho 43,' me boima ba 'mele - ho tloha 550 ho tse 800

The mink European e tsebahalang bakeng sa boea lona ea bohlokoa, ho ba le Lefubelu Book ea sebaka se Kostroma entse qeto ea ho nka hae tlas'a tšireletso ea naha. bohato tšoanang o ile a isoa, 'me e mong le Lefubelu Book ea Russia.

Liphoofolo. Short lethathamo

Rare le kotsing vertebrates Kostroma sebakeng hape e kenyeletsa:

Mammalian sehlopha sa:

From taelo ea Insectivorous - Tloaelehileng muskrat le American Mapygmy shrew.

From taelo ea Bat - Red noctule, pond mankhane, nako e telele-eared mankhane, bi loi bao mat-mala oa letlalo le ba bang.

Ea qothomang - Siberia fofang lent, Sadovaya Sonya, lehong lemming, joalo-joalo ...

Sehlopha sa lihahabi:

From taelo ea tekanyo - Anguis fragilis le mokholutsoane lehlabathe.

From taelo ea Snakes - Tloaelehileng copperhead.

Sehlopha sa le sehahabi se:

Ho tswa ho odara gelada - Siberia salamander.

From taelo ea tailless - European mollo-'mankholi ba digogwane, ho tloaelehile hore batho spadefoot digogwane, Marsh Frog ,' me ba bangata, ba bang ba bangata.

Kahoo haeba u batla ho tsoma linaheng Kostroma, ho ba hlokolosi ka ho qalong, bala Red Book, u sa ka phoso timetsa bohlokoa le le kotsing ea mefuta e.

Liphoofolo. Vertebrates. tlhapi

Keletso ena e sebetsa ho batšoasi tsohle le ba ratang ho ohla, hobane Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma sireletsa esita redkovstrechaemyh litlhapi. Har'a bona re lokela ho letho ka Grayling European tloha Troop Salmoniformes.

European Grayling - le tlhapi e sa lelapa la litlhapi tsa salmon, e na le colouring haholo-holo e sa tloaelehang le ho lulang metsi a batang 'me a hloeka. Bolelele ba eona e ka finyella cm, 60, 'me boima ba' mele - wa 6.5 lik'hilograma. Grayling jang crustaceans, likho, mefuta itseng ea likhofu, likokoanyana le esita le tlhapi e nyenyane.

Hoa hlokomeleha hore graylings European na tiea monko Thyme (kapa Thyme).

Sebakeng sa Kostroma ho sireletsoa 'me tlhapi e tse ling: Sturgeon, Russia Sturgeon, Russia bystranka, Gorceac, maqoqomete vulgaris,' me ba bang.

Liphoofolo. Vertebrates. linonyana

Ke mang e mong ho sireletsa Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma? Liphoofolo kenyelelitsoe lethathamong lena, bakeng sa litlelase tse sa tšoaneng le subspecies. Ba motle haholo le se babatsehang ka ponahalo ea bona, mekhoa le karolo ea tikoloho.

Har'a liphoofolo tseo ba lokela ho lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho lepheo-joaloka. E mong oa bona o tlas'a tšireletso ea Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma? Bird ho buuoang ka eona - ke hore, ka holim'a tsohle, e le detachment tsa Ciconiiformes, e disampole e khanyang ea eo ke Black Stork.

Black mokotatsie - e ntle nonyana e sa tloaelehang colouring. mohatla oa eona o na le batho ba batsho mala ruileng, khahlanong le eo maoto le lefubedu le le molomo bonahale ka ho khetheha e khanyang le e matla.

Linonyana tsa sebaka seo moru, metsi haufi, batho ba qoba le libakeng tsa bolulo. Fepa vertebrates haholo-holo tse nyenyane le tse invertebrates (ka linako tse ling esita le litoeba, linoha le mekholutsoane).

Mariha Black Stork ka Asia Boroa. pastime hae ratang ka ho fetisisa - tsoha molota ka sefofane, mapheo ho ata-eagled. Qhotsoa mokotatsie litsuonyana ka khoeli, bana ba bonahala eka lekane le mong ho e mong. Ho fetela ho likhoeli tse peli tse latelang, linonyana batho ba baholo ba fepa masea a, belching lijo.

linonyana tse ling, e leng e bua ea Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma (le na le bonyane mashome a mahlano), boetse ho na le e ntle le e insufficiently ithuta, hammoho le Black Stork. Pele ho tsohle, sena Gray Heron le Little Bittern, Whooper Swan le Red-breasted Goose, Golden Eagle le Short-se menoana e Eagle, Merlin le oystercatcher, Drozdovidnaya Warbler le HAWFINCH, 'me ba bang ba bangata.

Liphoofolo. invertebrates

The Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma na le lethathamo la liphoofolo tse invertebrate, hlokahala tšireletso e khethehileng. Ya eo ho eona ho ba mefuta e mashome a mararo e robeli. Tsena li akarelletsa itseng morue tloaelehileng (mussel le teteaneng shelled noka mussel), crustaceans (Spring schiten, Summer schiten, Astacus leptodactylus), lefehlo (Green nkhono, bohlale botle, Lütke-nymph), maleshoane (Jeremane racer, Marble chafer, bolelloa batho ba bangata-maleshoane) , Hymenoptera (Big birch sawfly, Karolelano ea hornet, bumblebee Ground) le batho ba bang ba bangata.

Liphoofolo. lirurubele

Ya e le hantle, tlas'a tšireletso ea boemo ba oela le lirurubele tse ngata. Har'a bona -, swallowtail.

Swallowtail, - ea ratehang letsatsi serurubele tsa lelapa Lepidoptera. fenders lona pele a khabisitsoeng ka e khanyang mokhabiso o sa tloaelehang - matheba ba batsho le ba streaks, hammoho le mefuta e moeling o motšo. A mapheo morao na mohlala feta makatse: putsoa le mosehla le likoatipa tlatsana le e khubelu-sootho leihlo, pota-potiloe ke batho ba batsho tlhalo. Wingspan mofuta ona wa serurubele finyella 81 limilimithara ka ba batona le ba batšehali ea 94 limilimithara.

, Swallowtail u phele ka makhulo tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng, ka metshetshe moru le clearings, roadsides le linoka.

Tšehali larileng ka mahe, swallowtail, e okaokela moeeng, holim'a lateral ya bakoang kapa ho underside ea makhasi a dimela moamoheli, e leng e ka ba le khomo parsnip, dille, parsley, alder Maksimovic, girchovnitsa, fraxinella mohnatoplodny le ba bang ba bangata. Ka lebaka la sena, ka ho ikatisa ea lirurubele pepesa ho pheliso kgolo ka lebaka la mollo, kuta joang, fula le hatakela makhulo matlafala.

Leha ho le joalo, ntle ho mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea liphoofolo ka Red Book, ya e le hantle, li ne li akarelletsa le baemeli ba lefatšeng semela.

Flora. lipalesa

Dimela tsa Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma ikhetha e le kannete. Di otla ka botle bona le singularity, e makatsang 'me eksotiske botle.

Pele ho tsohle, ho ke ke hoo e ka bang mashome a mabeli a mefuta e meng ea mefuta e mametsana quire le buttercup lelapa, bakeng sa mefuta e fetang leshome le metso e mehlano la sedge le joang. Har'a tse sa tšoaneng joalo ea lipalesa le limela tse nkhang hamonate, ho buuoa lokela ho etsoa oa bulbous Calypso.

Calypso onion - le perennial herbaceous dimela tsa lelapa mametsana, e emela bakeng sa lipalesa tsa lona e sa tloaelehang e ntle. Tse khōlō le monko o monate lipalesa le theolela fatše hlooho fihla e-ba bolelele ba hoo e ka bang 1.5 cm, le e na le molomo bona karaoke tren (hoo e ka bang 2 cm ya). molomo bōpehileng joaloka seeta, e leng e karolong e ka tlaase ea libalaka tse tharo se khanyang mosehla moriri.

Calypso lipalesa hlaha ka May le June, 'me fruiting - ka July le August.

Hoetla etsoa lekhasi phetoho lipalesa, kahoo, ho e koahetsoeng ka lehloa ke ntse foreshe tala lekhasi ka eona e bontšang ka tšimoloho ea tropike Calypso bulbous.

Flora. limela tse ling

Dimela Kostroma sebakeng, ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book, ha e felle feela ka mebala e feela. Ba ile ba boela kenyeletsa boriba (Lobar matšoafo), e khubelu dimelametsing (Batrahospermum beaded), mosses (Sphagnum Bog, Gomaliya trihomanovidnaya, Dikranum lomkolisty), hammoho le tse ling tsa lifate le lihlahla. Pele ho tsohle, ho ke ke - Loparskaya Willow, Willow chernikovidnaya, dwarf birch le birch Squat.

Kakaretso ea litlamong nkiloeng mefuta e mong le makholo a mashome a mahlano tse tšeletseng tsa dimela le lintho semela. Har'a bona, ho buuoa lokela ho ho entsoe ka limela e joalo tse behang ka ba batsho crowberry.

Crowberry ba batsho (kapa e ntso Shiksha) - ke e nyenyane lulang se le setala shrub Heather lelapa. E ntse e hōla haholo-holo ka e kholo, crowberry lihlahla tse fumanehileng libakeng tse majoe, hammoho le merung phaene le tundra le litutulu.

Makala a lihlahla ba le tala, sootho kapa bo bofubelu mmala, le lipalesa ba le botala pinki kapa bo bofubelu-pherese mmala. Hoetla crowberry ba batsho opaque drupe ditholwana e nang le thepa ea meriana le phepo e nepahetseng.

Boleng ea buka ea Ha

E le ka bonoa, e Red Book ea sebaka se Kostroma - ena ke taba ea bohlokoa haholo le e thahasellisang. Khabisitsoeng ka lipapiso khanyang feela ka tlhaloso e khutšoanyane 'me tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le mefuta e fapaneng le kotsing, ho tla nka sebaka sa lona se nepahetseng ka sebelisa laebrari ea hao' me u thusa kenela re lokeloe ke le e babatsehang wa borumuwa - paballo le ho sireletsa tikoloho.