The Kara Sea: mathata a tikoloho le tharollo ea bona. maikutlo a setsebi

Hlatsoa lebōpong leboea ea Russia Kara Sea mapeng e teng pakeng tsa Severnaya Zemlya sehlopha sa lihlekehleke le lihlekehlekeng tsa Franz Josef Land le Novaya Zemlya. Ho pholile haholo, ka holimo leqhoa a mocheso oa metsi a hlaha feela moo ho phalla ka linoka haholo Siberia. Hoo e ka bang selemo kaofela e koahetsoeng ka leqhoa a teteaneng. Kara Sea botebo ke tse nyenyane - ka kakaretso ho tloha limithara tse mashome a mararo ho lekholo, ho na le libaka tse 'maloa moo ho nang le palo e kahodimodimo ke limithara tse makholo a tšeletseng ho ea tlaase e. sebakeng lona - 880 km lisekoere. Resources Leoatleng Kara tse ngata haholo.

le lihlekehlekeng

Wide bulehileng ho letamo sebakeng sa Arctic a leoatle, ho fetisisa Leoatleng la hae Kara larileng ka raka, athe kontinenteng, kahoo bath ea lihlekehleke tse ngata bakeng sa hae, tse teng haufi le lebōpo le. Sena ke e ka thoko ho leqephe leoatle, naha. lebōpo e indented le likou la Leoatle Kara, eo ho eona ho phalla ho nōka, ba tlisa ho fihlela ho e km lisekoere tse sekete tsa metsi a hloekileng ka selemo. Ntle le e tloaelehileng safrone tsa cod le Pacific saury, e ngata ea bohlokoa tlhapi mona: tloaelehileng tšoeu litlhapi tsa salmon, tsa whitefish, Cisco.

Lihlekehlekeng tsa Leoatleng Kara, tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa, 'me palo e khōlō ka ho fetisisa - mabōpong Asia. Kholo ka ho fetisisa har'a bona - Shokalski, White, Dixon, Vilkitsky, Serussia. Le archipelagos kholo ka ho fetisisa - ditsamaiso tsa CEC e, Mokhatlo oa Arctic, Sergei Kirov. Karolong e ka leboea ea lihlekehleke tsa leoatle e nyenyane, 'me ba ile ba ba tse nyenyane: Wiese, Ushakov, Schmidt. Kara Sea mapeng ke ho le bonolo ho fumana ho le hobane e teng pakeng tsa lihlekehleke tsena.

lebōpong le ka mose

Ho na le hoo e ka bang kamehla sefefo. Ka lebaka leo, lebōpo la Leoatle le Kara ke kahoo tortuous hore ho bonahala matsutla. Haholo-holo ena ke e fapaneng lebōpong le ka bochabela ho Novaya Zemlya - likou ka ho feletseng. Le naha e boetse ke joaloka lonngoe - chunks e khōlō ho eona tlas'a metsi le ob, Baidaratskaya molomo, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa le Yamal Hloahloeng. Ho ekelletsa moo, likou kgolo - Yenisei, Pyasinsky, Gyda. lebōpong le ka kaofela Novaya Zemlya - le maralla le mafika, morphological tlhaku ea lebōpong le ka fapana ho ea ka abrasion le ho bokella leqhoa le bo fapaneng naha, a bataletse 'me tlaase ho bua leshano, lilomong lebōpong la leoatle feela libakeng tse ling.

boemo ba leholimo

Sesa letamo teng Leoatleng Kara ka Arctic, latitudes lona phahameng, pakeng tsa hae le ho Arctic beisine e le kamano e haufi haholo, kahoo boemo ba leholimo e hlabang, joalokaha ho e lokela ho ba bakeng sa Polar le Marine. Lutse har'a pakeng tsa maoatle tsa New Earth ha a lumelle moea mofuthu ka Kara le maqhubu a sa Atlantic, kahoo esita le ho bua leshano haufi le Leoatle le Barents e futhumetseng haholo. Kara Sea mocheso kamehla haufi le leqhoa a, moo ho e 'ngoe ea likhoeli tse ea lehlabula ka ea lehloa.

Ka hoetla le mariha ke mona hore entseng anticyclone Siberia, moea leboea ea amohelwa, 'me hangata le befileng. New Earth ke hoo e ka bang kamehla tlasa maholiotsoana - ho thoeng Novaya Zemlya boron, e mong le e hlolang ka nako e ho tloha lihora tse 'maloa ho matsatsi a' maloa. Ka Kara Sea Siberia linōka tlisa halofo ea metsi tsohle phallang ka Arctic. Yenisei, ob,, Pyasina, Taz le Pure, le se le linōka tse ngata tse nyenyane, ama le letsoai le metsing a Leoatle le Kara, 'me ka mocheso tsa lona le lintho tse khethollang tse ling hydrological.

Sebōpeho sa metsi leoatleng

Metsi leoatle e arotsoe tsekaletse ka mefuta e meraro. Metsi pele-pele mehopolong - Arctic holim hore e lula sebakeng seo kholo ka ho fetisisa, ho itšetlehile ka hore na ka nako ena botebo ba Leoatle Kara le hore na metsi a hloekileng a tlisoa ho nōka. Moo a sa tebang - ho fihlela ho limithara tse makholo a mabeli, hoo e batlang metsi unsalted ka tlatsa hoo e ka bang ho ea botlaaseng ba leoatle. Segokanyipalo e tlaase ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore le letsoai le metsing a Leoatle le Kara oela ka lebaka la inflow e khōlō ea metsi a hloekileng le fapana ho ea tse ka bang hlano etsang liphesente tse Koung ea ob, ka bang liphesente tse mashome a mararo a metso e mehlano ka libakeng tse ka leboea. Tlase letsoai - lebelo leqhoa. Tse tebileng - metsi ke saltier.

Mofuta oa bobeli oa Kara metsi - molomo karolo, e leng e tsoakiloeng le asene le maqhubu a batang maoatle arctic holim'a. O ile a fumana metsi a mocheso e phahameng le tlaase segokanyipalo ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke letsoai, e leng e bopa lera ka holimo ka saltwater denser. Na ebe paatsepama phallo le dikarolo tebileng butle-butle e tsoakiloeng, empa e ka holimo ntse ho futhumala le ka tlaase ho moo letsoai. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore litšobotsi tsa Leoatleng Kara, ka tsela ena, le liphetoho selemo-ka lilemo. Mocheso metsing ka July haufi le lebōpo la leoatle karolong e ka boroa ka fihla likhatong tse tharo le leboea tlas'a leqhoa haufi freezing ka nako efe kapa efe ea selemo - ho tloswa lengolo la halofo.

The tlase ho Leoatle Kara

sebopeho sa naha tlase batlang esita le a bonolo feela libakeng tse bohareng, haholo-holo ho Kara botebo leoatle fapana haholo. Ka boroa le karolong e ka bochabela, haufi le naha ea, - mekoti e mengata le ho phahamisa e ka tlaase ka libaka tse phahameng tse sa tšoaneng. Ka leboea ho matsoapong otlolle naha ya bohareng leralleng Kara, ea ileng a kopanela troughs tse peli: ka bophirimela - St. Anne le bochabela - labangan Voronin. Mona, ka ho fetisisa ka ho teba. Le ho tepella maikutlo o mong (limithara tse makholo a mahlano) e haufi le New Earth - Novozemelnaya.

maqhubu

Kaha segokanyipalo sa ea metsi e fapaneng haholo le ka botebo ba e ntse e hōla ka leaps le meeli, pakeng tsa le dikarolo e ho na le maqhubu a hore ba leka ho finyella tshwano. lifefo tse leqoophe li boetse li thusa ka sena: e bohareng ba leoatle le ho ea ka bophirimela le dikarolo a tsoakane le rapaletseng ka limithara tse leshome ho leshome le metso e mehlano, empa metsi a sa tebang, pakeng tsa confluence ea ob, le Yenisei, hobane desalination magato aa length of tsamaiso di nyalantswe - limithara tse hlano feela. Leoatle Kara ruileng tseleng a lona a fetela ka nģ'ane ho eona, empa e thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa ke ba hore ba notletsoe ka lesakaneng feela bakeng sa sebakeng sena a leoatle.

Ka hare jwale toka tsitsitse, ba itšetleha haholo-holo ka ajoa maoatle boahelani le Arctic beisine. 'Me, nete hore, e phallang ea linōka tse khōlō tshehetsa ho hanyetsa sena. Kara Sea ka ho feletseng koahetsoeng ka lesale la. Ka bophirimela, metsi ho tswa ho Barents Sea fallela Yamal ka tsa mahlomola ka boroa ea Novaya Zemlya, ho lata le liphororo tsa phallo ob,-Yenisei 'me rea sisinyeha leboea, ka nako eo batho ba bangata ona makala a metsi, ba bang ba ile a khutlela ka boroa, ka morao ho New Earth, e ntse e feta Kara Gate, merges le pele holim'a leoatle Barents, le - ka ho potoloha e tlang.

leqhoa

Ka hoetla le mariha ba Kara Sea ka ho feletseng koahetsoeng ka leqhoa, 'me nakong ea lehlabula e lokolloa karolo e nyenyane feela. Ka September, leqhoa sebopeho qala ka leboea, 'me ka October se le ka boroa e koahetsoe le leqhoa. Ho tloha ka October ho May, hoo e ka bang tsohle leoatle - nngwe leqhoa 'muso. Leqhoa tse fapa-fapaneng 'me kelello,' me ke lilemo. Ha e le mabopong a ba tlamang leqhoa ka potlako. Karolong e ka leboea-bochabela - rolo e sa khaotseng ea ho itima lijo leqhoa, ka sehlekehlekeng White ho Nordenskiöld sehlopha sa lihlekehleke le Severnaya Zemlya.

E ka boroa-bophirimela ho libakeng tse kholo tsa ho itima lijo leqhoa ha ho nka. boroa ka ho eketsehileng e ntse e le bo hloekileng leqhoa libaka kapa mocha leqhoa. Sena setsi sa khoebo Yamal le Amderminsk polynya, leoatle le bohareng - e ob, le Yenisei e polynya. Sena ha se bolele hore ha ho na leqhoa mona. O drifts. The bokima lebetsoeng le tse ka bang tse peli limithara tse - e tšesaane, le monyenyane haholo. Novaya Zemlya massif leqhoa qhibiliha ea lehlabula ka letheba. Le libakeng tse e ka leboea ea leqhoa leoatle ke tiile. O lula teng.

Arctic raka, athe

Hona joale ho maoatle tsohle le haufi le Leoatle la Arctic, ho na le liphetoho tse matla ka leqhoa. Ha ho mokhelo le Leoatle Kara. Russia e na le ba etsang liphesente tse fetang mashome a supileng ho Arctic raka, athe, e leng lokela ho fuputswa. Ho atile haholo ikhule tsa leqhoa bohale ho tloha lebōpong le ka lehlabula. Sepakapaka ea tonanahali ea metsi, e leng ne ba ntse ba mokhelo. ho fetoha ha tlelaemete, ho futhumala ha e tla, 'me le eona fetola le mesebetsi ea batho ea Arctic. Kara Sea e boetse ke bath hase kamehla, ka bomalimabe.

ho etsa lipatlisiso

Pele ho tsohle, mona senatla hydrocarbon mobung - Leningrad le Rusanovskoe - ka raka, athe ea bohareng le ka bophirimela likarolo tse ling tsa leoatle. Ho joalo, haufinyane ho tla ba le lipeipi, rigs le likepe tsa oli. lintho tse phelang tikolohong Arctic - e 's ha latitudes bohareng, moo liphello tsa likotsi leha e le efe ba tlosoa, le hoja e ke ho le thata. Mona ke hoo e ka bang ke ke ha khoneha.

Qalong ea le merero ntshetsopeleng tšimo lilemong tse leshome, empa nako ea ka haholo haufi-ufi. Rosneft e se e entse polelo e hore mosebetsi tsa go baakanyetsa ka likoting tla tsoela pele ntle ho ho sebetsa ha khampani US ExxonMobil, eo likonteraka ntshetsopeleng'moho le mobung ho ile ha etsoa pele kongei. Tla tsa utolola ho akarelletsa Leoatle Kara.

mathata a tikoloho

Nka e kgolo metsi a hloekileng elela ga metsi sebakeng seo, leoatle e silafetseng sohle se thehoa tšimo e khōlō ea Siberia liindasteri. Ho le joalo, mathata a klimate tsohle, likotsi tsohle liindasteri le esita le likoluoa, fetang linokana, na beha ka Arctic. 'Me ka holim'a tsohle, e tobane le kena Leoatleng Kara. mathata a tikoloho a qalang. Silafatsoa le tšepe e boima e tsoang metsi a ob, le Yenisei e ntse e hōla le ho fetisetsa selemo le selemo.

lihlahisoa tsa oli e tala

E ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route le sephethephethe lona kamehla boima sa likepe haholo-holo e le hantle mpe ka tikoloho. Petroleum silafalitsoe sebaka kaofela le leholo la mokhatlo oa bona. Empa liphoofolo le limela, e leng o na le Kara Sea, mathata a tikoloho ka bolaea. Leha libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle nkoa tekano silafetse (lekanya metsaneng kamehla e neng e tšoaretsoe haufi le Amderma le Dixon), empa e sebakeng se seholo fanoeng fetang ho indasteri e ea likepe e name, se silafalitsoe tsitsitseng. 'Me ke mang ea tsebang hore na ho feta kotsi phello e Leoatleng Kara. mathata a tikoloho a rarolloa leha ho le joalo hampe.

Yenisei-ntate

Ea mahloriso ea tšepe e boima ka melomo ea ob, le Yenissei eketseha bobeli quantitatively le ka boleng. Koporo, zinki, a mankanese a, loto, thini, tšepe - sena ha se lethathamo eohle ea lintho hore o fumana Leoatleng Kara. mathata a tikoloho le ho tlisa ho hlahisoeng tšepe ka Norilsk, mona phallang e nang le tšoaetso thepa aerosol metsi.

Pota motse ona, linōka tsohle 'me matša a silafetseng ka ho feletseng, esita le ho feta tekano e, empa e phallang ho tloha mona ho ea Yenisei Gulf, nōka e kgolo laola haholo hloekisoa ka tsela e itseng ka tsela ea mohlolo.

matlakala ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi

Tse ka holimo ha e le koluoa e khōlō, e leng bothata ba ka Kara Sea. mathata a tikoloho hlile o ile a qala ka ho silafatsoa ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi. Ho tloha sixties ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli li ne li etsoa e mengata ea haufi-holim, moea, ka tlas'a metsi le ka tlas'a lefatše ho phatloha ea nyutlelie ka Novaya Zemlya. Ka lebaka feela tikolohong e tšabehang tse fetang limilione tse leshome le metso e meraro curies Cesium-137. Ho tlile joang hore ho ama maruo a Leoatle Kara - o ka nahanang kateng.

Hoo e ka bang nako e tšoanang sena maoatle tsohle ka leboea ho na le e kgotlhela gongwe mefuta eohle ea litšila ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi. raka, athe bochabela ka New Earth - sebakeng se ka sehloohong bakeng sa morero ona: ho liphesente tse mashome a supileng tsa litšila tsohle ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi tletse metsi mona ho tloha leshome le metso ho botebo limithara tse makholo a mane. kotsi e khethehileng - haholo reactors tsa submarines ea nyutlelie le mafura a ile a qeta tsa nyutlelie.

Mona larileng ka sekepeng se pshatlang leqhoa "Lenin" le lik'hontheinara motso sekete le thepa kotsi. Leha kamehla taolo litekanyo 'me u se ke ua iponahatsa feteletseng tsa boemo ba radioactivity ka likou tsohle ho Leoatle Kara, empa ka' nang ba tlisetsa lefu ho lintho tsohle tse phelang ka sebaka se selelele ho tloha sebakeng sa lepato.

leqhoa mohoma

lilemong tse mashome a 'maloa ka Leoatleng le Kara horuloa mekhatlo e' meli e matla ea USSR: ho sechaba 'me sesole sa metsing ea nyutlelie likepe. Ho na le, e seng feela lik'hontheinara patoa, empa hape dibopeho tse tharo-tlhakore o ke keng oa recycled. All ena larileng hammoho lebōpong la mahlomola a ba bang ba New Lefatšeng. Tsohle e beha tshepahalo kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ha ho bopengwi tloha semelo mahlaseli sehlekehlekeng sena 'me ba fumana ho se potoloha. Leha ho le joalo, monna e-s'o ka ba khona ho otla thepa ea motheo.

tshwara lepato ngata entsoe ka metsi a sa tebang, 'me ho na le ho tswa nako le nako se etsahala leqhoa exaration - vypahivanie, ke hore, ho timetsoa ha majoe leqhoa ka bethe ea thaba ea leqhoa le. Ka thaba ea leqhoa gouging fumana tokoloho le qala ho falla. Hammoho le lihlahisoa tsa ho timetsoa. Kamoo e ea sebetsang: thehoa ha teteaneng haholo leqhoa tswa mabifi khefu sefefo, oa ema emise hummocks e khōlō - masimo a sa feleng joalo meno e khōlō.

Joale e ntan'o ba sefefo calms fatše ka bokhutšoanyane le ka tieo hummocks hatsele hammoho ka matšoele e khōlō ea leqhoa, tšoanang ho fihlela se lekana le hlollang ea mohoma e. Le sefefo hape. Le tsoele pele hape. Eme makhapa ke leeto ka sekepe 'me a lema ba ka tlase ho metsi a sa tebang ka botebo ba limithara tse leshome le metso e mehlano. Le bakeng sa lipeipi tse tebileng ho feta limithara tse leshome ho leshome le metso e ha ba qoelisoa, ho ke ke kotsi. Empa ha ho na le ho joalo lengoa lik'hontheinara le litšila ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi - e le ho feta tšosang.