The Great Silk Road - e kgwebo ya tsela ea boholo-holo

Ka histori ho na le litlaleho tsa palo e khōlō ea Litsela tsa boholo-holo hore ba sebeletsa sechaba. Bakeng sa litsela tsa ba histori ne mabotho kholo 'me metse ea teng hammoho litsela di hlaseloa (le ka linako tse ling e ne e le qholotsang maphelong a bona). Ka peacetime, tsela ea boholo-holo tse amanang le setso, lipolotiki le ea khoebo bophelo ea linaha tse fapaneng.

The Great Silk Road ho nkoa ka ho fetisisa tummeng le bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. tsela ena khoebo ea theha "trine", eo e amana la Atlantic, Indian le Leoatle la Pacific. Ena e khōlō "e khōlō" tšela Eurasia. E amana le Mediterranean ho Bochabela bo Hōle.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore Silk Road e ne e se feela e theko e boima, kapa esita le tsamaiso ea litsela tsa khoebo. O ile a etsa e le e rarahaneng setso le moruo borokho pakeng tsa masimo a sa Bophirimela le tsa Bochabela, tse amanang le batho, ho leka ka matla bakeng sa tšebelisano-'moho le tiee le ho phelisana ka khotso. Ka mohlala, e Moholo Silk Road ka Kazakhstan (haeba u e-ea ho eona ka bochabela ho tloha ka bophirimela) tloha Tashkent ka Turbat (Pass) ka Isfidzhab (Sairam). lebitso la motse oo e ile ea fihla ka mor'a matsatsi a rona. Kahoo e mong ea bitsoang motse haufi Shymkent, setsing sa tse mesaletsa ea ka mehleng e bohareng qhobosheane. motse ona o neng o nkoa e mong oa litsi kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Silk Road. Romeloa linaheng tse ling ho tloha Isfidzhab tšoeu lesela, makhoba, tšepe, lisabole le libetsa tse ling tse, koporo.

litsebi ea kajeno ba lumela hore Great Silk Road bonahala ho pota 2nd lekholong la lilemo la BC. e. Tabeng ena, lebitso ka boeona e ile a kenyelletsa hamorao haholo, lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. Poleloana e reng "Great Silk Road" a hlaha ka tšebeliso ea saense ka mor'a ho ngola ka 1877, go Richthofen (e Jeremane rahistori le motsamai) sebetsa "China". Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho fihlela ho ntlha ena tseleng a bitsoa meridional Bophirimela Way. Leha ho le joalo, tsa saense li sebelisa poleloana e reng ho kena, le Richthofen.

Ho latela bopaki ba histori, Moemphera Wu Di of China romeloa le moromuoa ka 138 BC. e. ho batla entseng selekane le ho ntoa khahlanong le militant Hun meloko ripitla ka leboea Chinese tšimong ea. Moemeli Chzhan Tsyan mor'a hore a khutlele ho tloha le leeto la ka ho qaqileng o ile a re mabapi le ketelo ea hae ho Asia Bohareng. Moemphera oa Chaena o ile a boela ile a fumana boitsebiso bo mabapi le ho litsela tsa khoebo e loketseng ka ho fetisisa. Joale ba ba motheong oa Silk Road.

Ka khoebo le phapanyetsano tshebetso ya pakeng tsa metse Central ea Asia, le China lesedi leng haholo-holo ka litaba Chinese tswa 1. BC. e. 7-8 lilemo tse makholo. n g. e. Mehloli khale bolella mabapi le linyehelo donative lebisoa ho ntlo ea borena moemphera oa Central Asia sebakeng.

Ho tloha ka etsahalang le e matlafatsang tsa likamano tsa khoebo ea pakeng tsa Chaena le Central metse e Asia ha nako e ntse. Selemo le selemo ho tswa ho lekhotla moemphera o ile a nka imatahanya se ka tlase ho tse hlano ka bophirimela, a tsamaea le ba makholo ba balebeli ba. Jara lihlahisoa tsa tšepe, silika. Ba ile ba fanana tsa likorale, lipere, a jade, tse fapa-fapaneng Central Asia thepa. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore lihlahisoa tsa China li 'nile ka ya tlhokeho tsa linaheng tse sa tšoaneng. Buka e ikhethang silika masela li ne li le theko e Persia le re, tse ka bophirimela ho eona.

16 lekholong la lilemo la e tšoauoa ka e itseng fokolisang tsa likamano tsa mosebetsi oa metse Central ea Asia, le China. Haholo-holo ena e ne e le ka lebaka la ho se qalang tsa litsela tsa leoatle, e ile ea eketseha kgohlano ka setjhabeng feudal, ho qabana ka Rivers Supileng. Mpefala ka likamano pakeng tsa re ka Safavid Iran le Central dinaheng Asia Sheibanids. Ka lebaka leo, e ile a qala ho fokotseha hlabang tsa khoebo ea sehlopha sena.

Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo tlhokomelo ea Europe e ile ea huleloa ikutloeleng Turkestan. Ha a ntse a Szolkowy Way fetohile tšōmo ea. Ka lekhetlo la bobeli le tseleng ena e ile ha fumanoa ka tšohanyetso ka lebaka la maemo a itseng ba lipolotiki.

Silk Road ho etsa lipatlisiso ba lintho tse epolotsoeng o ile a qala ka bo-1900. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a ho qhoma ha thuto ea lefatše e ile emisoa.