The Great rata naha Ntoa 1941-1945: a kakaretso. The feat, tsa batho ba Union ka ntoa khahlanong le fascism

Ho tloha qalong ea September 1939 e ile ea fela ka nakoana nakong ea khotso pakeng tsa lintoa tse peli tse khōlō ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli. Lilemo tse peli hamorao, tlas'a puso ea 'Jeremane ea Bonazi e ne e le karolo e khōlō ea Europe e nang le tlhahiso le mohlodi bokhothokhotho hlahelang.

A otla e matla e ne e le ho tlisa fatše Soviet Union, e leng seo e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa (1941-1945). Phethahatso Summary ea nako ena historing ea Soviet Union ka se hlalosa boholo ba mahlomola a mamella ke batho Union 'me bakeng sa heroism lona.

Bosiung liteko sesole

The tsosolosoa ha matla a Jeremane, khotsofalla sephetho sa World Pele (1914-1918), khahlanong le mabifi eo tla le hona teng ho mokga ka matla a ka le hlooho ea modemona Adolf Hitler, le likhopolong tsa lona tsa bophahamo ba morabe entse tšokelo ea ntoa e ncha bakeng sa Soviet Union ka ho eketsehileng ea sebele. Ho ea qetellong ea ea 30 e, maikutlo ana a ka ho eketsehileng a phunyelletsa ka batho, e ka ho hlaka ho feta ne a utloisisa, le moeta-pele ea matla 'ohle ea naheng a mangata, Stalin.

Naha e ile lokisetsa. Batho ba ne ba tsamaea libaka kaho karolong e ka bochabela ea naha, Siberia le Urals haha lifektheri sesole - habeli liindasteri hore ba ne ba le meeli e ka bophirimela. Ho indasteri e tshireletso invested haholo tse kholoanyane tsa lichelete, batho le saense mehlodi ya ho feta lehae. Ho eketsa ya ka dipholo tsa mosebetsi o boima metse le ka temo sebediswa likhopolo (Stakhanov mokhatlo oa) le lisebelisoa thata tsa tsamaiso (melao repressive taeo lifemeng le mapolasing kopanetsweng).

Reform oa lebotho e ne e le ho nkeloa ka lapeng ea molao ka conscription bokahohleng (1939) hlahiswa koetliso atile sesole. E ne e le ka infantry e, melangoana parachute, bo khung-tlelabo ka Osoaviahima qala ho ithuta saense e sesole nakong e tlang masole a-bahale ho rata naha Ntoa ea 1941-1945. Ile a Tšollela dikolong le lecha la sesole, pele mefuta e mecha ea libetsa, ntoa lihlopha thehoa tsoelang pele mofuta: armored le airborne. Empa nakong eo e ne e se sa lekana, ka ntoa itokisa tsa masole Union e ne e le ka litsela tse ngata e ka tlaase ho feta ea ea Wehrmacht - lebotho la Jeremane ea Bonazi.

kotsi a maholo o ile a lipelaelo tsa Stalin mabapi le lakatsa ho kena lipolotiking le matla a taelo ea phahameng. E qetella ka e khatello tšabehang, mow ho fihlela ho-karolo ea bobeli borarong ea molaoli botseta. Ho na le ke phetolelo ea qholotsoa rerile tsa bohlale Jeremane sesole, ea tšoereng molepo bohloko bahale tse ngata tsa ntoa ea lehae, mahlatsipa a purges ena.

lintlha tsoang linaheng tse ling

Stalin le baeta-pele ba linaha tsa ba neng ba batla ho fokotsa hegemony Europe la Hitler (Engelane, Fora, USA), ne a ke ke bopa pele ntoa e kopane-ba khahlanong le Bofasista ka pele. moeta-pele oa Soviet Union, ba leka ho lieha ntoa ba ile ba leka ho ikopanya le le Hitler. Sena se ile sa etsa hore ho saenela le ka 1939 tsa Soviet Union-Sejeremane pact (tumellano) bao e seng mabifi, le boetseng se esengaka ho convergence ba mabotho-ba khahlanong le Hitler.

Ha e ntse e ile, 'muso o entse phoso ka boleng ba tumellano le khotso le Hitler. June 22, 1941, Wehrmacht le Luftwaffe ntle phatlalatsa ntoa hlaseloa moeling o ka bophirimela oa USSR ho pholletsa. E ne e makatsa ka ho feletseng bakeng sa masole a Union 'me ea tšosa e matla ea ho Stalin.

boiphihlelo bohloko

morero "Barbarossa" ile ea amoheloa ka 1940 ke Hitler. Tlas'a na mwango ya ena, ho hlōloa tsa USSR, e nkhape ho motse-moholo lona behella ka thōko ho likhoeli tse tharo tsa lehlabula. 'Me ka lekhetlo la pele morero oa ile a phethahatsa le sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng. barupeluoa ba bohle ba ntoa ba a hopola hoo e batlang e na thuso maikutlong bohareng ba bo-lehlabula 'me 1941. milione 5.5 ke Jeremane masole a khahlanong le ba limilione tse 2,9 Russia, palo yohle bophahamo ho armaments - ka khoeli ea nakong e fetileng le ho tšoaroa ke Belarus, Baltic States, Moldova, hoo e ka bang kaofela ha Ukraine. Union tahlehelo - milione ba bolaoa 1, 700 likete batšoaruoa ba ..

Hlokomelehang e ne e le bophahamo ba Jeremane ka tsebo taelo ea le taolo - ile a utloa bohloko ho tswa ho boiphihlelo lebotho la ntoa, ba ne ba se ho fetile halofo ea Europe. tsamaisa ea nang le tsebo e lika-likelitsoe 'me a timetsa sehlopha kaofela ho Smolensk, Kiev, sebakeng Moscow, ea thibela likepe tsa Leningrad qala. Stalin ne ba sa khotsofatsoe ke liketso tsa sehlopha tsa bona le resorted ho khatello tloaelehileng - o ile a thunngoa ho phethola 'muso General Pavlov, molaoli oa Bophirimela Front.

ntoa batho

Leha ho le joalo, merero ea Hitler e ne a helehang. USSR ema mabelong a ka ntoa ts'ireletsehileng. Bōpiloe ke Phahameng Taelo ea ho laola mabotho le momahane naha kaofela sehlopha se busang se - ho State Komiti Defense, a eteletsoeng pele ke moeta-pele ea matla 'ohle Stalin.

Hitler o ne a lumela hore mekhoa Stalin ea boeta-pele ba ea naha, e seng molaong khatello ea barutehi, sesole, balemi barui le batho bohle ba tla etsa hore ho putlama ha mmuso, ho hlaha ha e "lenaneng la bohlano" - kaha o ne a tloaetse ho Europe. Empa o miscalculated.

Hloile bafutuhi banna ka liforo le, mosali ka bencheng, e le bana ba hōlileng le ba banyenyane. Ntoa ea boholo ena ama qetello ea mong le e mong ea motho, 'me hore o tla hapa ba bokahohleng gagamalo hlokahala mabotho. Mahlabelo bakeng sa tlhōlo tloaelehile hore batho ba tlisa ha feela ka lebaka la sepheo sa likhopolo, empa hape ka lebaka la ho rata naha tlhaho, e neng metso ea histori ea pele ho Revolutionary.

Ntoa ea Moscow

Pele ho hanyetsa ka ho teba ka tlhaselo ea fihla tlas'a Smolensk. Boiteko bahale ba khopisa ka motse-moholo ba ne ba koalloa ho fihlela e le qalo ea September.

Ka October ditanka le lifapano ka lihlomo le ea Moscow, ka sepheo sa ho hapa motse-moholo oa Soviet Union pele boemo ba leholimo bo batang. Ho tluoa tabeng ea nako e thata ka ho fetisisa lilemong tse sa Great rata naha Ntoa. Moscow, o ile a re boemo ba thibella (10/19/1941).

histori ea tla lula lula e le parade ea sesole ka sehopotso ea October Phetohelo (11.07.1941) e le letšoao la tšepo ea hore Moscow tla kgona ho sireletsa. The masole le militia ho ne ba siea Red Square otlolohile ho ya ho pele, e leng km 20 ho ea ka bophirimela.

Mohlala oa ho hanyetsa masole Union ba ile ba qala ho sebelisa hampe 28 Red Army masole a tswa ho makala a General Panfilov. 4:00 Ba ile ba tšoaroa sehlopha katleho e kholo ea ditanka 50 ka mateano Dubosekovo le bolaoa, timetsoa 18 likoloi sesole. Tsena bahale ba Ntoa ea ho rata naha (1941-1945) - karolo e nyenyane feela ea sa Shoeng Regiment ea lebotho Serussia. mahlabelo a joalo ba tsoetsoe ba sera sa ho pelaelo hore ka tlhōlo, matlafatsa sebete sa basireletsi ba.

Hopola liketsahalo tsa ntoa, molaoli oa Front le Bophirimela haufi Moscow, Marshal Zhukov, eo Stalin o ile a qala ho totobatsa karolo e phethoang ke hore kamehla o tšoauoa ikarabella ea makhaola-khang ea boleng ba le motse-moholo ho e finyella tlhōlo ka May 1945. ho tšenyo ea nako efe kapa efe ka lebotho la sera sa etsa hore ho khonehe ho boloka matla bakeng sa stats-tlhaselo: ntse potlakisetsoa Moscow karolo foreshe tsa garrisons Siberia. Hitler rerile ho ea loantša ka maemo a mariha, Majeremane a ile a qala ho ba le mathata a ka phepelo tsa masole. Mathoasong a December, ho bile le ntlha retelehela ka ntoa bakeng sa hlooho Serussia.

phetoho tse khōlō

Sa lebelloang Hitler khopisang ba Red Army (12.05.1941 g) lahlela Majeremane ka limaele tse lekholo le mashome a mahlano ka bophirimela. lebotho la Manazi hlōloa ka lekhetlo la pele historing ea lona, hlōla na mwango ya ntoa le hlōlehileng ho phethahala.

The khopisang e ile ea nka ho fihlela April 1942, empa ho liphetoho etsolloa ka tsela ea hore ntoa e ne e le hōle: lateloa ke ho hlōloa e kgolo ka Leningrad, Kharkov, Crimea, Majeremane fihla Volga ka Stalingrad.

Ha bo-rahistori ba tsa naheng efe kapa efe a bua ka ho Great rata naha Ntoa (1941-1945), ka kakaretso ea liketsahalo tse hase ntle ho Ntoa ea Stalingrad. Hore marako a motse a tsoalla lebitso la khoro sera sa Hitler, o ile a ba ile ba otla, ho ile ha etsa hore qetellong ho putlama ea.

sireletsa motse ho ne a atisa ho tšoaroa ka ntoa le haufi, tsa mong le e mong sengoathoana tsa tšimo. Ntoa ea kileng ba sebeletsa tšoaea palo e seng mohla e kileng ea matlotlo ea batho 'me botekgeniki ameha ka mahlakoreng a mabeli,' me chesa ka mollo ea ntoa ea Stalingrad. Majeremane a lahlehetsoe ke kotara ea tsa masole - halofo ea milione bayonets, milione 2 - ho lahleheloa ke ya rona.

S'o ka e etsahala hanyetsa masole Union ka tshireletso le laoleheng khalefo tlhaselong, hammoho le ho eketseha bokgoni taelo ea e etsoang ka maqiti a fana ka tikoloho le nkhape la likarohano 22 tsa 6th Army Field Marshal Pauluse. Results la mariha ea bobeli ea ntoa makala Jeremane le lefatše lohle. History ea Ntoa ea 1941-1945 fetohile thupelo, ho ile ha hlaka hore Soviet Union e se feela ba ileng ba pholoha ngongoregong pele, empa joang kapa joang sebetsana le matla e le sera sa ho iphetetsa.

Mokhahlelo oa ho qetela ea phetoho e khōlō ntoeng

A mehlala e seng mekae ba talenta boeta-pele ea taelo ea Soviet Union e na e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa (1941-1945). A kakaretso ea liketsahalo tsa 1943 - letoto la hlolang tsotehang Serussia.

Selemo 1943 o ile a qala ka khopisang Union ka shebaneng tsohle. The phetolo ya mola ka pele o ile a botsa ka tšokelo ea encirclement Union Army sebakeng Lipetsk. Jeremane khopisang tshebetso bitsoa "Citadel" e ne e le hantle hore pakane ena mosolotogamaano, empa Red Army Taelo o fane ka tšireletso ea ntlafatsoa ka libaka reretsoe le katleho e kholo, ka nako ho lokisetsa mehloli bakeng sa stats-khopisang.

The khopisang Jeremane, ka July, mathoasong a hlōleha ho senya ka tšireletso ea Union libakeng feela ho ka botebo ba 35 km SE. History ea Ntoa (dilemo 1941-1945) o tseba letsatsi la ho qala ha kholo ka ho fetisisa oncoming ea ntoeng ntoa tsa mechine e ho intša propelled. Sultry July motšehare, bo12 la lilemo, 1200 le basebetsi ba ditanka ba ile ba qala ho loantša lehoatateng haufi motseng oa Prokhorovka. Majeremane a - morao-rao "Tiger" le "Panther", ka Serussia - the T-34 le tse ncha tse matla haholoanyane sethunya,. Hlōloa ha Majeremane a ile a kokota tsoa matsoho a Hitler Sebetsa khopisang botseta motorized le lebotho la Manazi ba ile ba fallela ho sireletsa mosolotogamaano.

Ho ea qetellong ea August 1943 o ne a nyonya Belgorod, Orel, le Kharkov o ile a lokolloa. Bakeng sa dilemo tse pele tse seng kae tsa Great rata naha Ntoa, bohato ba pele ba tšoaroa le Lefubelu Army. Joale balaoli Jeremane ne a lokela ho nahana moo e tla qala ntoa.

Ka selemong se fetileng, bo-rahistori sesole totobatsa 10 liopereishene tse mahlonoko tseo a ileng a lebisa ho lokolloa ha tšimo e nkiloeng ke sera. Ho fihlela ka 1953, ba ile ba li ne li bitsoa "10 Stalin o otla."

The Great rata naha Ntoa (1941-1945): a kakaretso ya tshebetso la sesole la 1944,

1. Ho tloswa Leningrad thibela likepe (January 1944).
2. January-April 1944: Battle tsa Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket, lintoa atleha Right-Banka Ukraine, ka la 26 March - ho fihlela le moeli oa Romania..
3. Crimea tokoloho (May 1944).
4. Ho hlōloa ha Finland ka Karelia, a khaotsa ho tsuba lona ho tswa ho ntoa (June-August 1944).
5. shebaneng a mane tse khopisang ka Belarus ( "Bagration" tshebetso).
6. July-August - the lintoa ka bophirimela Ukraine, Lvov-Sandomierz khopisang.
7. Yassko-Kishinev tshebetso tlhōlo likarohano 22, le khumo tloha Romania le Bulgaria ntoa (August 1944).
8. Thusa Yugoslav lingangele IB Tito (September 1944).
9. Ho lokolloa ha Baltic States (July-October selemong sona seo).
10. October - ho lokolloa ha Union le Circumpolar North-bochabela Norway.

Qetellong ea sera Mosebetsi

Mathoasong a November, tšimo USSR ka meeli ea pele ho ntoa e ile ea lokolloa. E ile ea fela ea nako ea mosebetsi bakeng sa batho ba Belarus le Ukraine. boemo ba kajeno tsa lipolotiki li ne etsa tse ling tsa "Baeta-pele" hlahise mosebetsi Jeremane hoo e ka bang jwalo ka e ntle. Ke habohlokoa ho botsa mabapi le Belarusians ileng a lahleheloa ke ka liketso tsa ho "ba Europe se tsoetseng pele" mong le e mong ea bone.

Ha ho makatse hore matsatsing a pele a tlhaselo tsoang linaheng tse ling libakeng hapa fetohile lingangele. Ntoa ea 1941-1945 ka kutloisiso ena e ne e le molumo oa ntoa ea 1812 , ha e meng bafutuhi European ne ke sa tsebe khotso tšimong ea rōna.

ho lokolloa ha Europe

European tokoloho letšolo la laela hore USSR ke keng ea lekanngoa ea batho theko le sesole mehlodi ya. Hitler ba ne ba sa lumela khopolo ea hore lesole Union tla tla ho mobu Jeremane, lahlele ntoeng mabotho khoneha, beha sethunya tlas'a banna-baholo le bana.

Mokhoa oa ho mohato ho qetela ea ntoa ka bonoa e le sehlooho sa likhau e thehiloeng ke 'muso oa Soviet Union. Union molokolli masole a ile a fumana likhau tse joalo tsa ntoa ea 1941-1945: bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha Belgrade (20.10.1944), Warsaw (01.07.1945), Prague (May 9), bakeng sa nkhape tsa Budapest (February 13), Königsberg (April 10), Vienna (13 April). 'Me qetellong a fuoa masole bakeng sa storming la Berlin (May 2).

... 'Me ke tla May. tlhōlo tšoaea ho saenela ba inehele khetheng tsa masole Jeremane ka May 8 le June 24, tšoara parade le ho kenya letsoho ha baemeli ba shebaneng le tsohle, matsoho le ditshebeletso.

Great Tlhōlo

Gamble Hitler e chelete botho haholo. E tobileng palo ya tahlehelo batho ntse ba pheha khang ea. Tsosolosa oa metse timetsoa, ho thehoa ha taolo ya hlokahala lilemo tse ngata tsa ho sebetsa ka thata, tlala le ho hloka lintho.

Fapaneng hona joale o hlahlojoa le liphello tsa ntoa. liphetoho Geopolitical hore ba ba teng ho tloha ka 1945, ba ne ba le liphello tse fapaneng. Ea sebaka ditheko tsa Soviet Union, ho hlaha ha liahelo mososhaliste le ho matlafatsa boima lipolotiki tsa Soviet Union ho boemo superpower hang ile sa etsa hore ketsahalo ea ntoa le ho hōlisa tsitsipano pakeng tsa Selekane dinaheng ka Second Ntoa ea Lefatše.

Empa sephetho ka sehloohong ha ho ya ho ntlafatsoe le teng, u se ke ua itšetleha ka maikutlo a bo-ralipolotiki batla melemo e hang-hang. Ka Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, naha ya rona e se e sireletsa tokoloho le boipuso, e ile a hlōla ka ho sera se tšabehang - the microcyteme ba likhopolong tsa tšabehang hore sokela ho timetsa lichaba tse sa kaofela, o ile a sireletsa mo lichaba tsa Europe.

Na histori, barupeluoa ba ea loana, bana ba ntoa - se batho ba hōlileng, empa hopola ntoa eo ba tla phela ka nako e telele kamoo batho ba khona ho ananela le tokoloho, ho tšepahala le ho ba sebete.