Tekanyo ea ho dissociation tsa electrolyte fokolang le ho ba matla

Poleloana e reng "dissociation" ka k'hemistri le Biochemistry tsa bola ke tshebetso lik'hemik'hale ka ions le radicals. Dissociation - ke lipono tse makatsang tsa bo fapaneng ya mokgatlo kapa recombination, 'me ke reversible. Ditirisanommogo fopholetsa dissociation e etsoa ke sa boleng ba kang ka tekanyo e sa dissociation. E na le lengolo kgetho α le khethollang e dissociation itsoara joang ka junifomo tsamaiso ea (homogeneous) ho latela abel ho: CA ↔ R + A boemo ba equilibrium. SC - ka phatsa ea lintho tse bonahalang ho qala, K le A - ke likaroloana e metle eo qhoma ka lebaka la dissociation boitsebiso kholoanyane particulate. Boo ho latela hore tsamaiso ea tla dissociated le undissociated likaroloana. Haeba re nahana hore limolek'hule n g tsekolohile le se tsekolohile N limolek'hule, litekanyetso tsena li ka sebelisoa ho quantify le dissociation, e balwa ka peresente ya: α = n g • 100 / N kapa unit trust dikotwana: α = n / N.

Ke hore, tekanyo ea ho dissociation ke karo-karolelano ea likaroloana dissociated (limolek'hule) Tsamaiso homogeneous (tharollo) chelete ea pele ea likaroloana (limolek'hule) tsamaisong ea (tharollo). Ha e tsebahatsa hore α = 5%, ho bolela hore feela 5 tsoa 100 limolek'hule tsa limolek'hule qalong ke ka mokgwa wa ions, 'me tse setseng 95 limolek'hule ha bola. Bakeng sa motho ka mong α ntho tla, moo ho itšetlehileng ka lik'hemik'hale mofuta molek'hule ea, 'me hape ka mocheso le ka tjhelete e ya dintho ka tsamaiso homogeneous (tharollo), i.e. ka mahloriso lona. electrolyte matla, tse akarelletsang acid itseng, makalana le matsoai ka tharollo e feletseng dissociate ka ions, ka lebaka lena ha a loketse bakeng sa ho ithuta dissociation tshebetso. Ka hona, ka ho ithuta sebelisoa electrolyte fokolang, limolek'hule le dissociate ka ions ka tharollo e sa ka ho feletseng.

Bakeng sa liphetoho reversible dissociation dissociation kamehla (Kd), e tsebahala ka puso ea equilibrium, e laolwang ke moralo wa: Kd = [K] [A] / [CA]. Kamoo ka tekanyo e sa dissociation kamehla le ba ya kokangana, ho ka etsahala hore ba nahane ka mohlala oa electrolyte fokola. E thehiloeng molao oa ho hlapholla e hahiloeng tsohle ho beha mabaka e utloahalang: Kd = mdlody • α2, moo a c - mahloriso ea tharollo (tabeng ena e = [SC]). E o tsejoa hore ka tharollo bophahamo ba modumo V 1 Mol dm3 qhibiliha ntho. Ka puso ea lekgetlo la ntlha ea mahloriso ya qalang limolek'hule tse bonahalang ho ka bontšoa ka: a c = [SC] = 1 / V Mol / dm3, 'me ea mahloriso Ion e tla ba: [R] = [A] = 0 / V Mol / dm3. A fihla equilibrium makgabane bona li fetohile: [KA] = (1 - α) / V Mol / dm3 le [R] = [A] = α / V Mol / dm3, athe Kd = (α / V • α / V) / (1 - α) / V = α2 / (1 - α) • V. Tabeng ea electrolyte dissociating ba banyenyane, le dissociation isa tekanyong (α) eo e haufi le lefela, le bophahamo ba modumo ea tharollo ka ho bontšoa ka ho ya ka tsebahalang tsa mahloriso: V = 1 / [sr] = 1 / s. Joale e ntan'o ba abel ka fetoloa: Kd = α2 / (1 - α) • V = α2 / (1 - 0) • (1 / s) = α2 • s, le ho tlhotla motso lisekoere tsa karoloana Kd / s, hoa khoneha hore motho a bale tekanyo ea ho dissociation ya α. Molao ona ke a utloahalang haeba α eona e nyenyane haholo ho feta 1.

Bakeng sa electrolyte matla tse loketseng ho feta poleloana e reng ke lengolo la ho bonahalang eka ba dissociation. E fumanoa ka karo-karolelano ea palo ho bonahalang eka ba phatsa dissociated ho ea sebele kapa tlhaloso ea moralo isotonic coefficient (bitsoa van't Hoff Ntlha e, 'me se bontša boitšoaro ba' nete ba ntho e ka tharollo): α = (i - 1) / (n g - 1). Mona kea - Van't Hoff Ntlha e, le n g - palo ea ions hlahisitseng. Ho fumana tharollo, limolek'hule ho feletseng tsekolohile ka ions, α ≈ 1, 'me le fokotseha concentrations tsa α eketsehileng atisa ho 1. All ena e hlalosoa ka khopolo ea ho electrolyte matla, e leng bolela hore motsamao oa cations le anions sitisa matla electrolyte limolek'hule ke ho le thata bakeng sa mabaka a' maloa. Ntlha ea pele, ions pota-potiloe ke limolek'hule tsa solvent Polar, ke sebelisana electrostatic o bitsoa solvation. Ea bobeli, oppositely qosoa cations le anions ka tharollo e, ka lebaka la ho nka khato ea bobeli khahloa metsoalle mabotho foromo kapa Ion lipara. Associates itšoare limolek'hule ka undissociated.