Suburbanization - ke kgopolo ya go eo? ke phapang litoropo, de-litoropo le suburbanization eng?

Man - ka e ntseng e, ya e le hantle, mathata a kahisano, a batla ho ba har'a ba bang. Ke ke hobane'ng ha baahi ba lefatše ba tsoela pele ho "phalla" ho metse e meholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, batho ba - ho ba tlhaho. Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho karolo ea tlhaho, e khabisitse naha mona tlhaho. Kahoo, metse le libakeng tse tsa tlhaho - ntle le indasteri le ho qeta monono a lule kajeno le lilepe tse peli tse khōlō ka bophara eo revolves bophelo sechabeng kajeno.

A sehloohong sena a re tla tšohla bopa dikgopolo tsa e amanang le thero ea karolo ea litoropo. ke suburbanization, de-litoropo le litoropo eng? o ne a bolela'ng likhopolo tsena tse tharo ke afe?

Meaning of "litoropo"

Poleloana e reng "litoropo" le tsoa ho Latin lentsoe "urbanus", leo le fetolela e le "motse". Tlas'a litoropo (ka kutloisiso e pharalletseng) ho utloisisa kgolo ya karolo ea motse oo ka bophelo ba batho le sechaba. Ka kutloisiso e tsesaane, e ke tshebetso ya kgolo ea baahi tsa litoropo le "nala" batho ba tsoang libakeng tse ka thōko - metseng le megacities.

Ka litoropo, e le ketsahalo moruong le tlhotloa ka mafolofolo o ile a qala ho bua ka bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-mashome a mabeli, ha karolo ea baahi tsa litoropo o ile a qala ho eketsa ka potlako. Lebaka la sena e ne e le tsoelo-pele ea indasteri ka litoropong, ho hlaha ha bana ba bacha mesebetsi, hammoho le tsoelo-pele ea mesebetsi ea setso le thuto metseng ea litoropo.

Bo-rasaense ba a tsebahatsa 'maloa a likarolo tse ling tsa dithulaganyo litoropo, e leng:

• depopulation ba libakeng tse ka thōko - motseng;
• oa ho fetola metsaneng - metsaneng tsa litoropo;
• sebopeho sa libakeng tse kholo le ho phethahetseng ka hohlehohle ea teropong ea ho fedisa.

Ka potso e "ke eng suburbanization, litoropo, de-litoropo, ruralisation?" geourbanistika kopana saense e - e 'ngoe ea libakeng tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa jeokrafi ea kajeno motho.

Ka khopolo ea "litoropo" e haufi-ufi amanang ho lipono tse makatsang tsa seo ho thoeng ke litoropo ba bohata, e leng ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa libaka tse kang Latin America le Asia Boroa-bochabela. ke eng litoropo bohata. Ha e le hantle, ho ke ke ha ho letho le nang kahlolo e molemo kgolo ya metseng e meholo, e leng e sa tsamaea le ho eketseha hlokahala ka mesebetsi le ntshetsopele ya tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tse amanang. Ka lebaka leo, palo ea baahi mahaeng feela feela "mahae" metseng e meholo. Ba bohata litoropo, hangata a tsamaea le ikutloe ka ho hloka mosebetsi le ponahalo motseng ho thoeng "litakaneng" - se ne a rerile hore ho tloaelehile metseng ea litoropo neighborhoods motho.

Boemo ba litoropo ka linaheng tse sa tšoaneng

United Nations Lefapha la Moruo le Social Ditaba selemo le selemo lokisa lintlha tse latelang tsa litoropo tsa lefatše. lithuto tsena li tšoaroa, ho tloha ka 1980.

Boemo ba litoropo - ke Peresente ea baahi tsa litoropo ho kakaretso ea baahi ba naha e le. 'Me o ke ke se tšoanang linaheng tse sa tšoaneng tsa lefatše. Kahoo, tekanyo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea litoropo (haeba ho se hlokomele boemo dwarf, e bopilweng ka motseng o mong) li tsitsitseng Kuwait, Qatar, Belgium le Malta. Linaheng tsena tsohle litsupa tsa litoropo feta 95%. Hape, boemo ba litoropo e haholo phahameng ka Iceland, Argentina, Japane, e leng Iseraele, Uruguay le Venezuela (ka holimo 90%).

Russia palo ea boemong bo latela likhakanyo Machaba a Kopaneng ke 74%. Tlase litoropo rated teng Papua New Guinea le Burundi (ka indices ea litoropo 12,6 le 11,5% ho latellana). Europe, ka tekanyo e tlaase-tlaase litoropo ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa Moldova (liphesente tse 49).

Khopolo ea agglomeration tsa litoropo

Metropolitan libakeng tse - le lipono tse makatsang e inextricably amahanngoa le tshebetso ya ho litoropo. Tsamaiso ena e ba kopanya le linaheng tsa boahelani tsa metsana tsa litoropo tsamaisong e rarahaneng le lotaganngwa. Ka hare ho tsamaiso ena, ho hlahisa le puisano e ea moshoelella le matla: tlhahiso, lipalangoang, tsa saense le tsa setso. Metropolitan libakeng - ke o mong oa methati tsa tlhaho dithulaganyo litoropo.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e ka sehloohong ea agglomerations:

• monocentric (thehoa ke khubung bohareng ba motse);
• polycentric (bokella metsana 'maloa lekanang tsa litoropo).

likarolo tse latelang ke bath bakeng sa sebakeng sa motse-moholo:

1. Komponeng motse bohareng le haufi metseng e meng le metse (ntle le discontinuities bohlokoa ea sebaka).
2. Palo ea libakeng tse a haha-ka sebaka toropokgolo lokela hakaalo feta peresente ya naha temo.
3. Bakeng sa agglomeration efe kapa efe e tšoauoa ka teng letsatsi le letsatsi ea letsatsi - mosebetsi, thuto, setso le bohahlauli.

Ho latela Machaba a Kopaneng, ka polanete ea rōna, ha ho na e ka tlaase ho 450 libakeng tse motse-moholo, e mong le e ba tse lulang batho bonyane milione. The agglomeration khōlō ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng o ile a hlokomela ke Tokyo Metropolitan Area, e leng lehae la ho pota milione 35 batho. Naha ea etellang pele ka palo ea agglomerations tsa litoropo tse: China, USA, India, Brazil le Russia.

agglomerations Urban Russia

Ho thahasellisang ke hore, ka Russia ka boemo ba boemo ba 'nile ba na le boikarabello ba agglomerations tsa litoropo ka har'a naha. Ka hona, bopaki bo ka taba ena ka 'na ba e fapaneng hanyenyane le e mong le tse ling.

Leha ho le joalo, naheng ea Russia etsa qeto ea ho abelwang karolo ya 22 agglomeration. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ho bona ke tse latelang (ka parentheses bontša lekantsoeng palo ya batho ba):

1. Moscow (ka 16 limithara).
2. St. Petersburg (5.6m).
3. Samara-Toliattinskaya (2.3m).
4. Ekaterinburgskaya (2.2m).
5. Rostov (1.7m).

Libakeng tse Russia motse-moholo tloaelehileng ea indasteri e phahameng ea naha, e leng boemo bo phahameng ba ntshetsopeleng tsa dibopeho tsa motheo, palo e khōlō ya ditheo lipatlisiso le thuto e phahameng. The bongata ba agglomerations Russia ke monocentric, ke hore, ba na le a le mong, e le setsi se ikhethang, e leng se laola metseng e meng eohle 'me toropo.

Suburbanization: tlhaloso

Hona joale e se ke ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka bopa dikgopolo tsa e meng tse sebelisoang ka mafolofolo lithuto tsa litoropo. Suburbanization - ke ho ya kgopolo ya, 'me se le hantle lona?

lentsoe lena e kena ka tšebeliso ea mafolofolo halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli. Suburbanization - ketsahalo ena e tsamaea le ntshetsopeleng mafolofolo tsa toropo - libaka teng ho pota metseng e meholo.

Ho elella qetellong ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, palo e eketsehang ea batho ba qala ho fallela ka bohale ba motse, hōle le lerata la lifektheri le moea ditshila le haufi le naha ea tlhaho. Ka nako e tšoanang, bana ba "bajaki" le se ke qala ho hlaolela naha le ho hōlisa litsuonyana e. Ba tsoela pele ho sebetsa motseng, ho qeta lihora tse seng kae e mong le e letsatsi le fumana ho le tsoa mosebetsing. Ya e le hantle, suburbanization ile ea e-khoneha leboha feela hore tsoelo-pele ea batho ba bangata motorization.

Litoropo - ho suburbanization e!

Morao tjena, makasine "The ya nkita ya" e hatisitsoeng sehlooho thahasellisang ba e biditseng "The Planet ba toropo ena." Ho latela taba e ngotsoeng ea sehlooho se, suburbanization - ho ke ke ha ho letho empa e le "ikhakanya" litoropo! Ka mor'a hore tsohle, lefatše la kajeno motse le libakeng tse motse-moholo hōla feela ka a bale litsenyehelo ea toropo ena. Kantle ho "The ya nkita ya" bitsa ba babeli feela motse-moholo ea kajeno - ho London le Tokyo.

'Me hona joale re khona ho bona e thahasellisang setshwantsho: ha lilemo tse 30-40 fetileng mathōkong a metse e khōlō e fetohile "lehae" bakeng sa likarolo ka ba futsanehileng ea baahi ba, empa hona joale tsohle fetohile fapane ka ho feletseng. 'Me hona joale bolulong ba matlo a phahameng sechabeng ba eketsehileng bone libakeng ea teropong.

ke eng de-litoropo?

Qetellong, u hloka ho sebetsana le leha ho le joalo ya kgopolo ya e mong. De-litoropo - tshebetso bo fapaneng litoropo le (ho tloha ka French "dez" - latola a).

De-litoropo e tšoauoa ka dithulaganyo tsa phalliso ea baahi ka ntle metse. Ka kutloisiso e lefatše, poleloana e reng ho boetse ho bolela ho negation ea karolo e ntle ea metse e sechabeng. Sepheo se ka sehloohong sa hore thuto ea ho de-litoropo - ke ho felisa bohle lefatšeng ba metseng e meholo.

Qetellong ...

Litoropo, de-litoropo, suburbanization ... bopa dikgopolo tsa tsena tsohle li haufi-ufi haholo amanang mong ho e mong. Ha litoropo - ke tshebetso ya ho ntlafatsa karolo ea motse oo sechabeng, e suburbanization - ke hore, ho fapana le hoo, outflow ea baahi libakeng tse ea teropong.