State ya kalafi tsamaiso. Care Bophelo ka Russia

Ka naheng efe kapa efe, tlhokomelo ea bophelo ke mosebetsi sechabeng sechaba, sepheo sa ho e leng ho sireletsa le ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba batho. Likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea joalo e ile ea etsahala esita le pele batho ba pele ba mmuso le tsoelo-pele ea boholo-holo li ile tsa bōptjoa. Di bolela hore ka kameho ea itseng ea sechaba, leloko, kapa moloko oa bakuli ba tsona hammoho le ho le mehato e tsoelang pele ho thibela likotsi le mafu. Tsena li akarelletsa ya kalafi manipulations tse fapa-fapaneng bafolisi, boitšoaro ba bona le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa.

Histori ea bophelo Russia

Tsotelle tsa bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba oona le ho bontša boemo ba rōna. 'Me ho ke ka mekhahlelo eohle ea Russia e tseleng ea histori ea tsoelo-pele. phihlelo eo All fumanoeng ka bo-rasaense ba rōna 'me lingaka sebelisanang le lefapheng la bongaka, o ile a lumella ka ho lilemo tse 20-60 ea lekholo fetileng haufi le maemo a boiketlo ba sechaba le ea bohloeki ba baahi. Leha ho le joalo, ka lilemo tse mashome ho qetela ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo kaofela oona tsamaisong bophelo phatlalatsa Russia e ne e le ho qala phetoho ea ho mokgwa wa e ntjha ya tshebetso. E le hore bakeng sa mohato ona e ne e le phetoho epidemiological.

Ba laela maemo ao e ncha hore ba ipotsa ka boemong ba sechaba le a moruo ka har'a naha ea bona 'me. Leha ho le joalo, phetoho ena ha e so kenngwa tshebetsong. Ho phaella moo, tsamaiso ea tsa tsamaiso-taelo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e se e nang le mofuta ofe maqakabetsi. Ho 'nile ha hlokomeloa libakeng tse kang:

- bophelo, e neng e tiisoa ke ea fokotseha ka ba phela ka har'a naha;

- ditjhelete, e leng se pakoang ke kakaretso ho fokotseha ha chelete invested tlhokomelo ea bophelo;

- lisebelisuoa tsa dithepa;

- diframe.

E le hore ho ntlafatsa boemo ba tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho 'muso oa Russia li ile tsa amohela' maloa tsa ditokomane. Kaofela ha bona ba ne ba reretsoe ho ea tharollo ea phetoho ea bohlokoa ka ho makala, sena se bohlokoa sechabeng. Ho latela melao ea tsamaiso o ile a amohela, tsamaiso ea tsa bophelo bo botle ba lokela ho radically liphetoho, e kentse e matlafatsang ea lintho tse bonahalang tsohle tsa eona le botekgeniki botlaaseng le ho matlafatsa litaelo thibelang. Kajeno re ka re sohle se etsoa ka tataiso ena ho fihlela ho ka lilemo tse mashome ho qetela ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Ho fana ka letlobo ntle. Leha ho le joalo, naha e ile ea qala fetoheng molaong e le pina e mocha oa likamano tsa 'maraka. Sena se ile sa etsa hore ho amohelwa ha molao o ka bophelo bo botle inshorense le hloka mekhoa e mecha ea ho etsa bonnete ba hore nakong e tlang ho tsoela pele ho ntshetsa pele tsamaiso ea tsa bophelo bo botle ea sechaba Russia. 'Me hona joale mmuso ha e khaotse ho sebetsa ka mafolofolo tataiso ena.

melao-motheo ea bophelo

Histori eohle ea tsamaiso ea puso ea tlhokomelo ea meriana e sa pele ka boithatelo. Ka linako tsohle, ho itšetlehile ka boemo ba maemo a bophelo le moruo le tsa lipolotiki tse atileng ka har'a naha. Leha ho le joalo, puso ka lilemo tse ngata, setseng sa fetohe ka melao-motheo ea tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia. tsena tsohle ntshetswa pele ka ho eketsehileng ka mor'a 1917 litokisetso ne tshwanelanang ka meso ea matla oa Soviet Union, ho pholletsa le histori ea Soviet Union, 'me ba li boloketsoe jwale.

Lethathamo la melao-motheo ea Bophelo e kenyeletsa:

- boikarabelo ba ho mmuso le sechaba le ho matlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba oona;

- ho bōptjoa tsamaiso setshehetso sa bophelo seo se akarelletsa mekhatlo le mekhatlo ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea beng bo tiisang ho boloka ka phahameng ka ho loketseng ka litšebeletso tsa bongaka ho baahi;

- tokiso le ntshetsopele tse ling tsa dikamano tsa sechaba le e thibelang e ka ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ea sechaba;

- fana ka baahi ba nang le tlhokomelo ea ba tšoanelehang bophelo setjhaba;

- ho ikopanya mokhoa le saense;

- ho nka karolo ea sechaba ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha mananeo a bophelo bo botle;

- a sebetsang a ba lokisetsa ho ea hlokahala bongaka le baoki, ho mamela melao le ditlwaelo tsa dietiki bongaka.

Libakeng tsa mosebetsi

The bothe ea sebetsa naheng ea heso, libaka tsa bongaka, ho ke ke ha hore a mang, e le e tsitsitseng ka ho tsamaiso ea molao. Healthcare Russia kajeno e akarelletsa libaka tse tharo:

- mmuso;

- Masepala;

- poraefete.

Pele ho '90s ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo., Ha e le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa sechabeng le setjhaba di phethwa ka feela pele ho bona. likarolo tse tharo ho Russia oona tsamaisong tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho ile ha thehoa feela ka mor'a hore ho nkeloa ka lapeng tsa molao e hlokahalang. A re hlahlobeng e mong le la maqhama ana ka ho qaqileng.

State tataiso moriana

System laola bophelo bo botle ba lefapha la sena Russia e eteletsoeng pele ke Tšebeletso. E le e lumeletsoeng ka molao oa 'muso' mele phethahatso, ho 'nile ha akarelletsa'ng ho ntshetsa pele le ho kenya tshebetsong tse ding hape ya leano boemo ikemiseditse ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba oona. Ho phaella moo, khokahano kaofela laola ba bang ho akarelletsa ho oona tsamaisong naha. tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia e emeloang ke makala tsa lirephabliki tsohle tsa Federation le Serussia. Ho phaella moo, ka ho tsamaiso ea puso le akarelletsa ya kalafi laola tšimo tse literekeng, masimong, libaka, metse ea Moscow le St. Petersburg. Ke hore, lethathamo sena se akarelletsa lihlooho tsohle tsa naha, hammoho le Academy of Sciences Medical. tsamaiso e khopo bophelo mathata Russia - ho nka mehato tsohle ho hlokahala hore ho kenya leano la naha, hammoho le ho etsa mananeo a sa tšoaneng tšimong ea ntshetsopele ya moriana le saense eo o ithuta eona.

Kaofela ha laola tse ka holimo ke ho ya mokgatlo wa:

- phekolo le mofuta thibelang;

- isang ho etsa lipatlisiso le ntshetsopele;

- lokisetsa basebetsi ya kalafi;

- tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere mofuta;

- famasi;

- meriana.

The sete oohle oa bona ke tsamaiso ea puso. Healthcare Russia mokhoa sena se akarelletsa le mekhatlo tšoanang ke Lekala la Transport, Lefapha la Litaba Tsa ka hare le Lekala la Maemo Emergency. Kaofela ha bona ba le tsona ho phetha mosebetsi o moholo, ikemiseditse ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba oona.

Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa puso oona tsamaisong ya kalafi ke mekhatlo ea molao. Ho feta moo, mesebetsi lona di etsoa ho latela liketso tse molao oa Russia Federation, bafo ba 'melao ea tsamaiso ea naha' me e thehiloeng ditokomane ile a ntša ke ba boholong bophelo boemo le 'muso. Ho etsa mosebetsi oa ho laola sebaka sena le ho khanna mefuta e sa tšoaneng tsa mesebetsi lipatlisiso. Hape, puso tsamaiso ea mekhatlo leihlo le bohloeki le epidemiological boiketlo ba baahi. Ba tšoaroa le batho le ho fana ka tlhokomelo ea theknoloji e phahameng ea meriana.

tsamaiso e khopo tsa masepala

Sepheo se seholo sa mola ona ya ditheo e boetse ke ka le taolo le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa tlhokomelo ea mokuli. Municipal oona tsamaisong tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia e kenyeletsa ho thehoa ha profil bongaka le ho ruta. Hape e ne e akarelletsa ba lik'hamphani meriana le bapharmasi. Topping ena ba boholong oona tsamaisong bophelo masepala muso boemong ba.

Tseo kaofela ha tsona o sebetse ka lebaka la liketso tsa molao le normative ba 'mele ha se feela' muso empa hape lebatowa, sehlooho tataiso ena.

Bothata ka sehloohong ho a rarolla ka ho tsamaiso ea tsa bophelo bo botle ba libaka le Russia, ke ho fana ka ea baahi ba ka sehloohong tlhokomelo ea bophelo, hammoho le ba bang ba mefuta e tsa lona e khethehileng. Ho phaella moo, ba boholong ba masepala laola lefapha la bongaka, motheong oa libakeng tse khōlō tsa mosebetsi oa bona, o tlameha ho:

- phahamisa boemo ba thuto ea bophelo ea baahi ba;

- fana ka ho fihlella setjhaba ho bophahamo ba modumo Guaranteed ya thuso ya bongaka;

- ho ikoetlisa e laola boleng ba le ditshebeletso tse sa feela mekhatlo ea tlase, empa hape ke ba karolo ea tsamaiso ea bongaka le boinotšing.

Russia oona tsamaisong ditirelotsa lebatowa e chelete ho tswa tekanyetso ya maemong ohle fumanehang ka hare ho naha, hammoho le bōpileng ka chelete morero ona le mehloli e meng e sa thibeloa ka molao.

moriana poraefete

tsamaiso ena bophelo ho akarelletsa ho mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa phekolo le prophylactic profil, hammoho le lipetlele. thepa ea bona e neng e le batho ka bomong poraefete. Tsamaisong e tšoanang ba etsa lipatlisiso, thuto, famasi, bongaka le e thibelang e ka litsi, tse tšehetsoa ke batho ka bomong kapa litloaelano boithatelo.

mesebetsi ya ditheo joalo o ka har'a melao ho hlokehang Russia le liketso normative-ea molao o ile a ntša ke mekhatlo ea naha, ba boholong lebatowa le 'muso oa bophelo bo botle le' muso moo.

Kahoo, tsamaisong tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia ke e tsoakiloeng. Hona joale, ho phelisana ea libakeng tsohle tse tharo le tse loketseng, kaha ho thusa ho eketsa chelete e le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba litšebeletso tsa bongaka.

tiisa setjhaba

Atleha hakae ke tsamaiso ya rona ea meriana? tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia ke kameho ea hang-hang ya mmuso. Ka mor'a hore tsohle e le thahasello bophelong ba rosteprodolzhitelnosti. Joang tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia? The melemo le go tlhoka mesola sebakeng sena ka fumanoa naheng efe kapa efe. Kahoo na re.

Kahoo, ka lehlakoreng le nepahetseng ka tsamaiso ea Russia ke tiisetso ea ho fumana mahala tlhokomelo ea meriana. Ena ke tokelo tsa molao wa motheo mong le o mong moahi oa naha eo. Ho feta moo, tokisetso ena e leng ka qeto ke 'muso oa Russia ka September 1998. tokomane ena e thathamisa mefuta eohle ea thuso e joalo, o entse tokisetso ea e hlahisitseng ka a bale litsenyehelo ea chelete ea sechaba.
ke tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia ke efe? Sechabeng sekametseng, ikemiseditse ho ho boloka le ho pholosa bophelo ba batho. E le karolo ea ho hlahloba ka kakaretso ya kalafi lingaka tsamaisa boalosi hlophisitsoeng ea baahi ba sebetsang. Sepheo sa mesebetsi tsena ke ho:

- boitsebahatso ea mafu a sa tšoaneng ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea ntshetsopeleng bona;

- phetisetso ea bakuli ho kalafo kapa tsosoloso;

- kamohelo ea mehato e thibelang ho thibela ntshetsopele ya lefu, ho akarelletsa le fetisitsweng ka mosebetsi bobebe, joalo-joalo ...

Ho phaella moo, kgatello e behoa thuto bohloeki ea baahi ba Russia, ho haha bopa dikgopolo tsa batho ka mekhoa le phetseng hantle, thusoa ke mefuta e fapaneng ya mananeo a polokeho le bohloeki.

Go tlhoka mesola ya tlhokomelo Russia bophelo

tlhokomelo ea meriana ea baahi ba Russia o tobane maloa a mathata a hore u se ke ua e lumella hore e sebetse le bokgoni hlokahalang.

Ho joalo, ho tloswa tlhokomelo ea bophelo Russia ke:

- lebaka la ho hloka ditjhelete;

- misallocation ha matlotlo abetsweng polokelo ea matlotlo;

- e imbalance ka karo-karolelano ea ya bophahamo ba modumo ea litšebeletso fuwa baahi le tlhokomelo ea bophelo fumaneha ho mehlodi ya indasteri;

- e le boemo ba tlaase ea mangolo a thuto, lekaneng, hammoho le matla a phahameng a batho ba hlokang tlhokomelo e ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa o ile a re ka mokhoa outpatient;

- lebaka la ho hloka hloko tlhokomelo e thibelang e ka bakeng sa baahi ba ka outpatient motheo oa;

- mefokolo ya kalafi thuto tsamaiso koetlisa badirimmogong ba bongaka le ea anyesang;

- unavailability tsa lingaka le baoki ho fana ka tlhokomelo ea e thibelang e ka kalafi ya ka phahameng ka ho fetisisa.

litebello ntshetsopeleng

Ka seo tataiso e tla tsoela pele ho ea tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho Russia? Melemo le go tlhoka mesola ya se o teng mekhoa e jwale sekasekileng mabaka ke litsebi. Ho hlahloba boemo boo e tla susumelletsa tseleng e nepahetseng ea ntshetsopele ya boemong ena. Ho joalo, ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ya tsamaiso ea tsa bophelo bo botle ke ho hlokahala hore:

- gogolo tsa sebōpeho sa litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle le ho ntlafatsoe ea boikarabello ba tshebetso ya lingaka ba lokela ho lahla e theko e boima moruong le ka nako e tšoanang, tshebetso sebetse hantle;

- Fetolang curriculum la dikoletjhe tsa bongaka le diyunivesithi le ho atolosoa tsoa hong ea thuto ea tlhokomelo ea ka sehloohong.

Tabeng ena, tsamaiso ea taolo ya tsa bophelo bo botle ka ho Russia lokela lahla mesebetsi lona supervisory, ho tlosa bona ka katisediwa.

lesedi-portal

Pele ho pharalla ha litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba Federation ea Russia e na le ho etsa mosebetsi o bohlokoa tse amanang le ho eketseha ha ba phela ba baahi ba oona. tsela e 'ngoe ea ho rarolla e amanang le tsebiso ea mekga tsohle thahasello ka tshebetso ya mekgatlo ya tlhokomelo ea bophelo. 'Me sena se e ne e entsoe khoneha ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e ncha. Le ho sebelisa ha bona ka Federation ea Russia ea bōpileng moraorao lesedi botlaaseng "Russia lebatowa oona tsamaisong bophelo bo botle" ho hlokahala ho:

- bonesa tsela labalabela ho mebuso masepala le lebatowa, hammoho le mekhatlo le mekhatlo litabeng tsa bophelo bo botle;

- tšusumetso ea baahi ba ho hlokomela bophelo ba bona;

- ntshetsopeleng ya mehato eketsehileng ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa lefapheng la bongaka;

- mananeo mabone le popontshwa le merero e reretsoeng ho qaloa ho theknoloji e ncha tsa bongaka;

- sebopeho sa boikutlo bo botle ba baahi ba ho tsamaiso eohle tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Ho fana ka basebedisi ba Internet lesedi polokelongtshedimosetso "Tsamaiso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba libaka tsa Russia"? A mefuta e fapaneng ya recensioni, litaba le lihlooho tsena, tse behoa-portal ea tsamaiso ea sechaba.