Shlisselburg Qhobosheane. Oreshek Qhobosheane, Shlisselburg. sebakeng qhobosheane Leningrad

Histori eohle ea St. Petersburg le libakeng tse e potolohileng tse amanang le sebaka se itseng a libaka. Babusi ba se ke a lumella le moeli oa ho hapa libaka tsena Russia, theha marangrang eohle ea liqhobosheane le liqhobosheane. Kajeno ba bangata ba bona ba nka hore limusiamong le liemahale tsa histori.

Vyborg qhobosheaneng

Qhobosheane Leningrad sebakeng, hammoho le metse ea pele le matlong a baitlami e hahiloeng ka sebaka sa eona, ke o mong oa mehaho e moholo oa 'muso oa Russia. Ba hlaha ka libaka tse ngata tse tletseng batho moo metsi 'me a tloaelana litsela tsa khoebo ho Scandinavia le Europe le Bochabela le Mediterranean, ea Bokreste' me lefatše la boholo-holo.

Qhobosheane Leningrad sebakeng, matlong a baitlami le mehaho e meng ea boholo-holo ba ba banyenyane ba setso sa batho ba Maslav, hammoho le conductors bolumeli Christian fetang sebakeng se seholo.

A mohlala ka tsela e hlollang tsa Bophirimela mehaho European sesole ka nģa ea Vyborg ke qhobosheane, e leng o boetse o bitsoa qhobosheaneng. histori ea mohaho ona o inseparably amahanngoa le Swedes. Ke bona ka nako ea ntoa ea bolumeli ea boraro (1293) e thehiloe Vyborg.

Qalong e hahiloeng phethile karolo ea ho itšireletsa. The Swedes ile ra balehela ka mor'a mabota a eona tsa masole Novgorod leka ho boele tšimo tšoareha ka oona. Ka lilemo tse makholo, qhobosheane fetohile mosebetsi. Mohaho ona o ile a sebeletsa e le sebaka seo hore lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng sa bolulo o borena le ntlo-khōlō ea sesole. E ne e kile ea e-qhobosheane le setsi tsa tsamaiso ea motse, le liahelong tsa crusader Seswedishe, le chankaneng.

Ka 1918 Vyborg Castle oela tlas'a sebakeng se taolong ea Finland 'me e se e nchafatsoa ka ho feletseng. Ho tloha ka 1944 sebaka seo a fetoha karolo ea USSR. Se ka 1964, re ile ra qala ho nka mehato ea pele ea ho haha qhobosheane e musiamo. Ho fihlela joale, Vyborg Castle e bulehetse baeti. Ho na le ke musiamo, ho fana ka baeti e tloaelana le difaele dipina e dozen tse sa tšoaneng, ho hlalosa histori ea sebakeng sena.

Ka qhobosheane le ho na le ke se lemohileng tora ea St. Olaf. Ho tloha moo o ka tsota botle bo hlollang ba naha ena. The tora e fana ka maikutlo a ea koung leoatle le Koung ea Finland, hammoho le litlhōrō tsa lifate le ntseng le hōla ka phakeng Mon Repos.

Staraya Ladoga qhobosheane

Mohaho ona ke km mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano le makholo a le mong ho tloha St. Petersburg. Qhobosheane haufi motseng oa Staraya Ladoga robalitsoe holim 'a mophetho oa IX-X lilemo tse makholo. Bana e ne e makhetlo a Veschego Olega. Mehaho e leng teng sebakeng seo Ladozhka phallang ka Volkhov River, lebōpong phahameng. The morero oa mathomo oa qhobosheane eo e ne e le hore a sireletse khosana le retinue hae. Hamorao ho ile ha e mong oa liqhobosheane tse ileng tsa thibela tseleng ho tloha Baltic ho sera.

Kajeno ho Staraya Ladoga qhobosheane sebetsa lintho tse epolotsoeng, histori le meralo le musiamo-pokello. tse pedi lipontšo mathang bakeng sa baeti. E mong ethnographic, 'me ea bobeli - histori. The lipontsuoa ka sehloohong ea pontšo ea li beha dintho fumanoa nakong epolloa lintho tse epolotsoeng.

Koporje

Ho fihlela joale, sebakeng Leningrad lula liqhobosheane tse supileng. e mong ho lethathamo lena (Yam, teng ka Kingisepp) feela emetse likhechana tsa lifate le ke bonyane ba tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le nako e fetileng. Tse ling tse tšeletseng sesosa unquenchable lebaka la buffs histori. E mong oa liqhobosheane tsena - Koporje.

Ho e teng sebakeng se haufi hang-hang ba St. Petersburg. tse ling tse ho feta Koporje qhobosheane 'na ho fihlela ho letsatsi, setšoantšo sa sona mehleng e bohareng, kaha e ke ke ea behoa tlas'a ho alterations tsa morao tjena tse khōlō.

Korela

qhobosheane ena e teng ka leboea ho St. Petersburg, ka sebakeng sa ho Karelian Mochophoro. Mothating ona, ka letsoho ka leboea Vuoksi River phallang ka Lake Ladoga. Nakong ea lilemo tse makholo XIII-XIV Korela ke Russia leliboho poso, e leng e se e ho pheta-pheta hlaseloa ke ho Swedes. Jwale, qhobosheaneng e nkoa e le sefika, lumella u ho hlahloba ba boholo-holo Russia sesole-itšireletsa bonono ka ho qaqileng le ho feta. Mohahong ona, e leng bulehileng baeti ho fihlela letsatsing lena sireletsa moea oa tobogan le Antiquities. Ena e ne e entsoe khoneha ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore qhobosheane o ne a sa ntlafatswa kapa tsosolosoa ho theosa le lilemo. Tsa pele poso tshireletso bulehileng limusiamong tse peli. Ka pele ba bona ba ka fumanoa le histori kakaretso oa qhobosheane ea. musiamo e 'ngoe ke Pugachev Tower, lebaleng la bo ileng ba beha e le hore, ho sa tsotellehe ho senngoa leeme ha marako bokantle.

Ivangorod qhobosheane

Mohaho ona ke sefika sa mehaho Russia itšireletsa amanang le makholo a lilemo XV-XVI. Ivangorod qhobosheane e thehiloe ka 1492 ka ho Nōka Narva ho sireletsa linaheng tse Russia ho tswa ho liphutuho tsa lira tsa ka bophirimela. Nakong ea lilemo tse makholo tsa lona tse hlano tsa histori ea fortification ena e ne e le hangata o ne a ea sebakeng seo lintoa ba bohale bo tšosang e etsahetse. O ile a utloa bohloko e hahiloeng nakong ea ntoa ea khahlanong le bahlaseli Bofasista. Ka mor'a hore la tšoasoa tsa masole sera sa ka sebaka sa eona Ivangorod Majeremane entse likampong tsa mahloriso tse peli, moo batšoaruoa ba ntoa 'na. Ba ikhula, Manazi a ile la letsa ho fihlela ho fetisisa ya dibopeho le ka hare, ka likhoeli tse tseletseng litora sekhutlo, hammoho le likarolong tse ngata tsa marako. Hona joale, boholo ba liqhobosheane e tsosolositsoeng le nchafalitsoeng.

"Nut"

Schlisselburg qhobosheane e teng ka lebōpong la Lake Ladoga, qalong haholo ea Neva. seemahale sena sa mehaho ea halofo e qalang ea XIV la lilemo, e se e le musiamo.

Ke sebaka se Nut Island Schlisselburg qhobosheane ke lebitso la bobeli - "Hard".

musiamo

Shlisselburg Qhobosheane - ke rarahaneng zodchesky libini. Kajeno ho e bulehetse baeti. Qhobosheane "Nut" e bolela ho Museum ea History of St. Petersburg. Baeti ba memeloa ho tloaela methati motheo ea histori ea puso ea Russia ho nako eo ka eona fortification ena e ne e le ka tsela efe kapa efe e amehang.

pale

Shlisselburg Qhobosheane e ile ea hahoa ka 1323 Bopaki ba sena e boletsoeng ka Novgorod Chronicle. tokomane ena ke sesupo hore setloholo sa Aleksandra Nevskogo - Prince Yury tsa Moscow - o ile a laela hore e hahe fortification lehong. Se ka mora lilemo tse mashome a mararo sebakeng seo tsa qhobosheane e kileng ea ho ne ho lejoe. sebaka sa eona e se e eketsehile haholo 'me a qala ho etsa limithara tse lisekoere robong tse sekete. Fetohile le boholo ba mabota qhobosheane. Ha ba ntse ba fihla botenya ba limithara tse tharo. Ho ne ho litora tse tharo tse ncha tsa sebopeho ya khutlonnetsepa.

Qalong, marako a mohaho itšireletsa ile a beha Posad. Tse tharo-mithara le kanaleng pakeng tsa hae le "linate". Batla hamorao, foro ile koahetsoeng ka lefatšeng. Ka mor'a moo Posad pota-potiloe ke leboteng lejoe.

Tsosoloso, timetsong le tsoaloa bocha phihlelo qhobosheane ho pholletsa le histori ea eona ho feta hang. Ka tsela eo ba lula ba eketseha palo ea litora tsa eona, ho eketsa leboteng botenya.

Schlisselburg qhobosheane se lilemong tsa bo-XVI ea e-ba setsi sa tsamaiso, lapeng ho liofisiri tsa 'muso le baruti ba phahameng. Mabōpong ea Neva River lula e tenements e bonolo ea baahi.

Qhobosheane "Nut" (Shlisselburg qhobosheane) ka nako ho tloha 1617 ho fihlela ka 1702 e ne e busoa ke Swedes. Ka nako ena, ho ile ha rehoa. Lona bitsoa Noteburgskoy. Peter ke ile ka hlōla ho tswa Swedes fortification ena, 'me a mo fa morao lebitso la hae tsa khale. Qhobosheane hang hape etsahala mohaho o moholo. Ho ile ha hahoa litora tse 'maloa, ramparts letsopa le lichankana. From 1826 ho 1917 qhobosheane "Nut" (Shlisselburg qhobosheane) e ne e le sebaka sa ho kenngoa chankaneng ha Decembrists le Batho. Mora oa October Phetohelo, mohaho ona e ile ea fetoha musiamong.

nakong ea ntoa

"Nut" e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho tshireletso ya dilemo tse Leningrad. Shlisselburg Qhobosheane feela monyetla oa hore ho ba teng ha "Road ea Bophelo", eo ka eona toropo thibella ba jere lijo, 'me ho tloha moo o ne a ba ntsoa sebakeng sena ea baahi ba motse-moholo o ka leboea. Thanks ho heroism la palo e nyenyane la masole hore li ile tsa pholoha ho thibelloa la qhobosheane ea ka e ile pholositse bophelo ba fetang lekholo. Nakong ena ea "linate" e hoo e batlang e ea heletsoa fatše.

Ka mor'a ntoa, ho tsosolosa la qhobosheane ea ka, ho ile ha etsoa qeto a se ke a tšoara, 'me le hahe hammoho le "Road ea Bophelo" sehopotso mehahong.

Fortification. bokoli

Kajeno etela qhobosheane "Nut" leeto. Tsa pele sebopeho itšireletsa u bona mesaletsa ea boholo 'mōpi oa lona.

Qhobosheane "Nut" karete eo o bolella bahahlauli tsela e itseng, ka sefofane ho shebahala joaloka khutlontsi tsoeng. The dikhutloteng ea palo eo otlolla ho tloha bophirimela ho ka bochabela. Leboteng e teng litora tse hlano matla. E mong oa bona (Heke) - likhutlo li 'nè. Ka mehaho la litora tse setseng sebopeho chitja e sebediswa.

Qhobosheane "Nut" (Shlisselburg) ke sebaka seo ho sona bulehileng ho tlotla ya bahale ba Second World Ntoa khopotso. Ka naha ea citadel pele e neng e, ho na le musiamo lipontšo. Di lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng ka mehaho ea "teronkong 'me a macha" le "lilemo li teronkong" e. Mesaletsa ea mabota qhobosheane, 'me Flag le hekeng,' me ba Royal Naugolnykh, Golovkin le Svetlichnaya tora.

Mokhoa oa ho fumana ho qhobosheane joang?

O thōtseng motse la provense tsa Shlisselburg e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ho ea fihla ka koloi. Joale e ntan'o ba qhobosheane ka go tlhaolega ho fihlella ka sekepe. Ho na le khetho e 'ngoe. From "Petrokrepost" seteishene o tsamaea ka sekepe, e mong oa lintlha emisa e Shlisselburg Qhobosheane. Mokhoa oa ho fumana ho sebopeho pele e neng e itšireletsa ka ho toba ho tloha St. Petersburg? Ka leboea ho motse-moholo ka "Nut" qhobosheane kamehla mabotho maeto. Batsamai li fetisetsoa matsohong a phutholohile likepe phahameng-lebelo "Meteor".

Mohlomong u ka motho e mong a tla ba lokisetsa le leeto la ka bese tsela palo 575, e leng mathela ho fihlela Schlusselburg tloha Metro seteisheneng sa "Ul. Dybenko ". Ebe fihla sehlekehlekeng seo ho thusa sekepe.

Ha o etsa qeto ea ho etela qhobosheane "Nut" mokgwa wa lokela ho hlokomela ea mokhoa oa tsohle. musiamo e ka citadel pele e neng e qala ka May 'me e nka bahahlauli ho ea qetellong ea October. Nakong ena e bulehileng letsatsi le letsatsi. Bula lihora tse - ho tloha 10 ho ea ho 17.