Sebōpeho sa tsamaiso ea methapo - thuto ea kaheho ea batho

Leano kakaretso ea tsamaiso ea methapo sebopeho e hlalositsoeng ke tse peli tsa metsoako e: bohareng le pheriferale. Boko ba le lesapong la mokokotlo a tsamaiso ea bohareng methapo le cranial, autonomic le lesapo la mokokotlo methapo tse motheong oa pheriferale ena.

Man, joaloka tse phelang tse ling tsohle tse phelang, khona ho nka khato ka liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa nama ho tikoloho.

Ho na le lintlha tsa tikoloho (ama, e phetseng hantle, leseli, le monko), eo ka thuso ea lisele tse khethehileng kutlo li fetoloa litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo. Tseo, le eena, o ile a hlahisa letoto la liphetoho tsa motlakase le lik'hemik'hale ka kotloloho ka methapo ea kutlo faeba. The linaoa sephetho ba a tšoaetsanoang ka ka ho likhoele afferent ka boko le lesapong la mokokotlo, moo ba hlahiswa litaelo hlokahalang bakeng sa phetiso ya efferent (dilenaneo) likhoele ho mesifa ea ikarabellang bakeng sa mosebetsi phethahatso.

Sebopeho le mosebetsi oa tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo tse ikemiseditse ho ikopanya le tšusumetso e na le bokhoni bo Link tsa ntho e phelang ho tloaela eona.

Sebōpeho sa tsamaiso ea methapo e ka hore ho talingoe ho feletseng ntle le litšobotsi tsa unit trust lona mehaho - the neuron ke seleng methapo ea kutlo eo e na le 'mele oa khubung ea, dendritic (se makala a dithulaganyo) le axon (letsoho e telele ea e mong). Molao-motheo oa tšebetso ea neuron le - ho dendrites la litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo feta hore 'mele oo seleng, ka nako eo ka axon e romeloa ho effectors kapa liseleng tse ling.

Pakeng tsa bona ka ho dithulaganyo tsa methapo ea kutlo tse amanang ka tsela synapse ka, eo karolo ea bopilwe ka filtara litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo. Ho kgona ho fetisa linaoa tsa e mong le lieha tse ling.

Methapo ea kutlo e ka karolo ea lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng, tseo fumana mosebetsi bona itseng. Kahoo, sehlopha se seng sa methapo ea kutlo sebetsa mosebetsi katisediwa le ke le boikarabelo ba ho khahlapetsa tsa methapo ea kutlo tšusumetso e tsoang ho. Sehlopha sa bobeli se na le boikarabelo ba ho tswakana le boitsebiso ba takatso ea tsoang tse ling le hlaphohetsoe likelellong. Ho na le ke sehlopha ea boraro, e leng e ntse e tsoela liphello tloha tshusumetso fetileng le bapisa tshusumetso hlahang ho tloha mesaletsa ea teng.

rarahaneng marangrang taolo ya bohareng methapo ajoa ho pholletsa le 'mele oa motho ke thapo lesapo la mokokotlo, le nang le mofuta o le ya nako e telele tse tšoeu "liropo", e botenya ba monoana, e leng bolelele ba cm, 45 le bekha ka 30 dikgerama,' me e teng ka kanale lesapo la mokokotlo. Ho e na le metsoako e 'meli - taba ea bohlooho (lesihla la lisele tse methapo ea kutlo) le tšoeu taba (methapo ea kutlo faeba).

Ka ho le letšehali le le letona la lesapo la mokokotlo oa lekala leo thapo ka "sebōpeho sa makala ho tloha sefate kutu" lesapo la mokokotlo methapo. Ba ba romeloa likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa 'mele oa motho,' me ho fana ka kamano le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Laola itseng "kabelo" ea 'mele e etsoa joalo e methapo ea kutlo e itseng.

methapo ea kutlo lesapo la mokokotlo e na le fetolehang kapa kutlo, 'me ka pele, kapa enjene, mangata. Mofuta oa pele oa likhoele e simoloha ho tloha receptors tsa letlalo, tendons, mesifa, manonyelletso, litho tse ka hare le hlaphohetsoe likelellong. Ho ka receptors le hlaha ka matshwao a medumo methapo ea kutlo, eo e na le boitsebiso bo mabapi le liketsahalo etsahalang le 'mele le ka ntle. Morao-faeba ya data matšoao a romeloa ho le khoele lesapo la mokokotlo, 'me joale - ka bokong, moo ba aroloa, sebetswa, hlahlojoa le likhoele pele ba romeloa ka lebaka la matšoao a mang ho mesifa, litho tse ka hare le methapo ea mali.

Mohaho ka kenyelletsa tsamaiso ea methapo le autonomic tsamaiso ea methapo, e leng boikarabelo ba ho metabolism le litho tse ka hare. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea tsamaiso ena ke ikemetseng tshebetsong' me kahoo ea kgatello ya tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng.

Ho latela tšusumetso ea oona ka litho tse ka hare tsa tsamaiso ea methapo autonomic na le litsamaiso parasympathetic le kutloelo-bohloko. likamano tsa bona li ena le thata, hobane ba ne ba atisa ho ba le phello e fapaneng le ho e 'ngoe le' mele e tšoanang, le ka eo o finyeletse ho leka-lekana itseng 'meleng.

Sebōpeho sa tsamaiso ea methapo ho akarelletsa le cortex bokong, e leng o na le botenya ba ka bang 3 limilimithara le sebakeng kakaretso ea hoo e ka bang kotara sq.m. Karolo ena ea 'mele e na le dikarolo tse tšeletseng, tse haufi-ufi amanang le lisele tse ka mong ho e mong. The palo ea lisele tse tsena e ka bang 15 Bln. Likoto.

Sebōpeho sa tsamaiso ea methapo Ho tla tšohloa ka ho feletseng ntle le liketsahalo tse kang reflex, e leng e le karabelo ea 'mele ea ho tšusumetso e ka hare le kantle ka tsela ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng. Arotswe reflexes tlas'a maemo a (bokhoni ba 'mele ea ho ikamahanya le ho fetoha maemo a tikoloho) le khetheng (tlhaho arabela susumetsa ba Link). reflexes Unconditioned se hloka maemo a itseng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lona, le tlas'a maemo a - a hlaha ka lebaka la ho liketsahalo tse sa tšoaneng tseo ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa batho.