Russia Nyutlelie Industry: Industry, ditataiso khōlō le mesebetsi

Ho tloha ka ho tsoibiloang ka 1954 motseng oa Obninsk, pele matla a dimela ka lefatše ho sebetsa ka matla a ba isotopes uraniamo, qala histori ea hae ea indasteri ea nyutlelie. Ho ile rerile hore palo ea eneji, le libetsa tsa nyutlelie ho tlhōrōng ea sekete sa bobeli tla seng ka tlase ho 25% ea tlhahiso motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara. Empa ka bomalimabe, ka lebaka la ho hlaheloa ke likotsi tse tebileng, ho akarelletsa le Chernobyl ke selemo sa 2000 ka mafura a nyutlelie ile sebelitse tsoa% 6 feela oa motlakase a lefatše.

Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe ho sebetsa hampe haholo ho indasteri e theha libakeng tse seng kae. Ba lula bohlokwa e khōlō ka mafapha a moruo, tshireletso le indasteri ea linaha tse ngata.

Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa lefapha ea nyutlelie

Bakeng sa ho feta halofo ea lekholong la lilemo la ba tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie tsa Russia ho ile ha thehoa tse 'nè tse khōlō, inextricably amahanngoa le ho e mong le e tse ling saense le indasteri rarahaneng:

1. Matla. Ea neng a okametse meepo, matlafatso le tlhahiso ea mafura a nyutlelie, ho ne ho bōptjoa likhoebo libakeng tse kang eneji, le libetsa tsa nyutlelie, indasteri, indasteri ea nyutlelie.
2. Libetsa. E ikarabella ho ntshetsa pele le liteko tsa mefuta e mecha ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie.
3. Mahlaseli polokeho. Ho e ikemiseditse ho sireletsa meloko ea kajeno le e nakong e tlang ho tsoa liphello tse kotsi tsa ionizing mahlaseli.
4. Ea nyutlelie moriana. Kentsoeng litho tsa maiketsetso ka litokisetso radionuclide ka tepelletse maikutlong le kalafo ea mafu a.

Hape ho indasteri e ea nyutlelie 'me e akarelletsa ho etsa lipatlisiso e rarahaneng, e leng e etsa tsoelo-pele ea tsebo ea motheo le ho sebelisoa ka fisiks ea nyutlelie le tsa nyutlelie pshatlang leqhoa likepe. Hona joale, ea Russia indasteri ea nyutlelie e akarelletsa tse fetang 250 lik'hamphani. mosebetsi-holo - bophara sebelisa theknoloji ea nyutlelie bakeng sa merero ea khotso.

eneji, le rarahaneng

Ka lebaka la mabapi le haufi ea indasteri ea ntoa ea nyutlelie le tšireletseho ea naha, kaofela matla concentrated matsohong a State Corporation "Rosatom". E ne e le o ba ne ba ikarabella ka ho ntshetsa pele le dulang la theknoloji e ea nyutlelie ka lekala la lintho tseo batho ba. Uraniamo e epilwe haholo-holo ka Kazakhstan. Indasteri ea nyutlelie e rerile ho atolosa meeli ea eona, le ho sebelisana le linaheng tse ling - Namibia, Armenia, Canada.

Uraniamo matlafatso e kopanela lik'hamphani mane kopanetsoeng-setokong, 'me ho hlahisa mafura a nyutlelie se seholo khampani "TVEL", eo e fana ka tsohle tse 10 e sebetsang ea nyutlelie dimela matla Russia, hammoho le 17% ea limela tsohle tsa nyutlelie matla lefatšeng.

Ea nyutlelie Libetsa Complex

Likhoebo libetsa tsa nyutlelie e rarahaneng ha dikarolwana arohaneng ea indasteri ea sireletsa Russia. Ba sebetsa haufi-ufi le mekhatlo e meng, ho akarelletsa le lik'hamphani lehae. The bareki e khōlō ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie ho hlahisoeng matla ka lefapha la sena ke sa terene, likoloi le oli le khase indasteri.

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa NWC, e kenyeletsang lefapha nyutlelie, e phetha leano la deterrence tsa nyutlelie - tshireletso ya tšimo e le baahi ba naha ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie ho ea linaheng tse ling. Bakeng sa morero ona, e rarahaneng e kenyeletsa litsi tse 'maloa' muso ea nyutlelie.

Mahlaseli Safety Complex

Ho sireletsa batho le tikoloho ho tswa mahlaseli - e immutable ea 'ona ea "Rosatom".

Ho fihlela sena, e rarahaneng e kenyeletsa lik'hamphani tse 'maloa, tseo selemo le selemo a etsa qeto ea ho libakeng tse ka sehloohong tse peli:

• Ho etsa bonnete ba tshebetso sireletsehileng ea likhoebo tse teng ea indasteri ea nyutlelie. diporojeke tse kgolo bakeng sa ho sireletsa reactors tsa nyutlelie ho tloha likoluoa tsa tlhaho, liketso tsa bokhukhuni, hammoho le tikoloho ho tswa ho mahlaseli a mona ba ntshetswa pele le kenngwa tshebetsong.
• Lahla litlhaka kahare qeta mafura, hammoho le ho felisa libaka tsa sohlokehileng "Atomic Project" ea USSR.

Selemo le selemo ho rarolla litaba tsena indasteri ea nyutlelie a fumana ka limilione tse likete tse 150 li-ruble.

moriana ea nyutlelie

Ka tšebelisano-'moho le Federal tsa lithibelo tsa biomedical Agency entse rarahaneng moriana nyutlelie, e leng tla ba ikemetseng ka ho feletseng. Se thehilweng PET-bohareng (positron mohlapo tomography) thepa eo e tla khetholla mekhahlelo ea pele ea ntshetsopeleng hlahala, metastasis le diso pathological.

E rarahaneng e kenyeletsa dilaboratiriamong hore rationing isotopes le taolo boleng, hammoho le ka ho toba litsi tsa bongaka, eo ho eona tepelletse maikutlong le kalafo ea bakuli.

thekenoloji ea nyutlelie e tiisitsoe ka thata ka bophelo ba rōna. Joale naheng sebakeng sena e lula ka 190 tse sekete. Man. 'Me e ke ha ho makatse hore ebe' muso o hlalosoa e le almanaka eo letsatsi - 28 September, e leng mosebeletsi ea indasteri ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie li ka nkoa e le letsatsi la phomolo bona litsebi.