Protein tswakana ka seleng, tatelano ya dithulaganyo biosynthetic. Tswakana liprotheine ka ribosomes.

Bophelo ke tshebetso ya ho boteng ba limolek'hule protheine. Ke kamoo e bontšitsoeng ka ba bangata ba bo-rasaense ba ileng ba lumela hore le protheine ke motheo oa tsohle tse phelang. Mantsoe ana a nepahetse ka ho feletseng, hobane ka dintho tsena ka seleng palo e khōlō ea mesebetsi ea motheo. Tse ling tsohle tsa metsoako manyolo phetha karolo ea substrates matla le matla a ho hlokahala hape bakeng sa tswakana ea limolek'hule protheine.

le bokhoni ba 'mele ea ho synthesize protheine

Se phelang tsohle tse teng li khona ho phetha tswakana liprotheine tse ka seleng. Likokoana-hloko 'me libaktheria li itseng ke ke theha lihaha-'mele,' me ka hona ke likokoana-hloko fa ntho e lakatsehang ho tloha seleng moamoheli. tse phelang tse ling, ho akarelletsa le lisele tse prokaryotic, ba khona ho synthesize liprotheine. Eohle ea batho le ka liseleng, liphoofolo, limela, li-fungus, hoo e ka bang libaktheria tsohle le protists phela ka lebaka la bokhoni ba protheine biosynthesis. Sena se hlokahala bakeng sa ho kenya tshebetsong ya sebopeho-eaba ba etsa, sireletsang, receptor, lipalangoang le mesebetsi e meng.

-Stage bath protheine biosynthesis

Sebōpeho sa protheine e khouthollotsweng ka acid e ea nucleic (DNA kapa RNA) ka codon ka. Sena ke lesedi lefa hore e bapala nako le nako ha sele e hloka protheine e ncha lithethefatsi. Ho qala biosynthesis ke phetiso ya tlhahisoleseding ho motheo oa hore ho hlokahala hore synthesize protheine ncha e nang le thepa se le liketse.

Ka lebaka la karolo ena dispiralized ea acid e ea nucleic, moo sebopeho lona e coded. sebaka sena e ne a etsa likopi lenģosa RNA le isoa ribosome ena. Ba na le boikarabelo bakeng sa kaho ea ea ketane polypeptide motheong oa popeho - lenģosa RNA. Ka bokhutšoanyane mehato yohle biosynthetic ke tse latelang:

• mongwalollo (DNA palopedi mohato kabelo le khouthollotsweng sebopeho protheine);
• sebetsa (mohato oa eaba ba etsa lenģosa RNA);
• phetolelo (protheine tswakana ka seleng ka lebaka la lenģosa RNA);
• posttranslational phetolo ( "le nonofo ya mmele" ea polypeptide e, sebopeho sa sebopeho lona a mararo-tlhakore).

Sengwalollwa acid e nucleic

Whole seleng ea protheine tswakana ka ribosome li entseng, 'me tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le limolek'hule tse acid e sa nucleic (RNA kapa DNA). Ho ka liphatsa tsa lefutso e: e mong le e phatsa ea lefutso - protheine e itseng. Liphatsa tsa lefutso kenyelletsoa tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le tatelano amino acid e ea protheine bukeng. Tabeng ea ho tlosa DNA khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso e khanna ka tsela e latelang:

• E qala ka ho lokolloa ha ka nucleic acid e karolo e itseng ea histone le hlaha despiralization;
• DNA polymerase imena habeli ho DNA karolo eo ho eona phatsa ea lefutso ea protheine e bolokoa;
• karolo e imenne habeli ke lenģosa RNA selelekela, e leng e sebetswa ke enzyme ho tlosa batho bao e seng Coding peho (ka motheo oa lona ho ea tswakana tsa mRNA).

Thehiloeng proinformatsionnoy RNA e tsa maiketsetso mRNA. Ho se ke popeho, joale protheine tswakana ka seleng le hlaha ka ribosomes (ka kaba endoplasmic reticulum).

Ribosomal protheine tswakana

Messenger RNA na lipheletsong tse pedi, tse entsoeng ka ntle e le 3`- 5`. Ho bala le protheine tswakana ka ribosomes le 5`kontsa qala me o tsoela pele ho fihlela intron - karolo e itseng e leng ha e encode efe kapa efe ya amino acid e. Ho ka tsela e latelang:

• lenģosa RNA "strung" ka ribosome e, kena pele amino acid e;
• susumeletsa ribosome hammoho mRNA ho codon e le 'ngoe;
• Ho fana ka a lakatsa phetiso RNA (mRNA codon khouthollotsweng ya data) tsa acid e, alpha-amino;
• asiti amino o khomaretse e qalang amino acid e ho theha e dipeptide;
• mRNA neng a ile a khaotsa hape ke codon mong, floating le e acid e, alpha-amino o khomaretse e hōla ketane peptide.

Hang ha ribosome fihla intron (bao e seng Coding kenyelletsong), lenģosa RNA feela ho fallela on. Ka mor'a moo, e le hore tsoelo-pele ea lenģosa RNA, ribosome fihla hape exon - karolo, ho nucleotide tatelano ya eo e tšoana le e amino acid e ka ho khetheha.

From ntlha ena e qala hape protheine ikopanya monomers ho ketane. tshebetso e tsoela pele ho fihlela ka ketsahalo ea intron mong kapa ho fihlela setopong codon. Last polypeptide ketane tswakana terminates bacha, eaba le protheine mathomo sebopeho ho nkoa ea phethoa 'me sethaleng postsynthetic qala (posttranslational) phetolo ea molek'hule ena.

phetolo poso-translational

Ka mor'a ho fetolela, protheine tswakana le hlaha ka ditanka boreleli endoplasmic reticulum. Ea bobeli e na le e nyenyane ea ribosomes. Ka ba bang ba lisele tse ba ka 'na ba le sieo ka tsogo ya ho. libakeng tse joalo ba lokela ho theha ea pele ea bobeli, kapa e phahameng se ka nako eo, ha a khetha, mohaho quaternary.

Whole seleng ea protheine tswakana le hlaha ka palo e khōlō ea ditshenyehelo tsa matla ea ATP. Hobane bohle dithulaganyo tse ling tsa likokoana-hloko ho hlokahala ho tšehetsa protheine biosynthesis. Ho phaella moo, ba bang ba matla ho hlokahala ho tsamaisa liprotheine ka seleng ke lipalangoang mafolofolo.

Ba bangata ba liprotheine li isoa seleng e 'ngoe sebakeng se seng bakeng sa phetolo. Ka ho khetheha, poso-translational protheine tswakana le hlaha ka Golgi rarahaneng, moo oona o kopanela k'habohaedreite kapa lipid domain name polypeptide sebopeho itseng.