Protein biosynthesis - ka e le e se etsahala?

Protein biosynthesis le hlaha ka makala tsohle, lisele le liseleng. Palo e khōlō ea protheine tsa maiketsetso ka sebete. Ribosomes tsoele protheine biosynthesis. Lik'hemik'hale, ribosomes - nucleoproteins entsoe ka RNA (50-65%) le protheine (35-50%). asiti Ribonucleic ke dikarolo tsa granular endoplasmic reticulum, moo mokhatlo oo le hlaha biosynthesis le tsa maiketsetso limolek'hule protheine.

Ribosomes li fumanoa ka har'a sele ka sebōpeho sa lihlopha tsa diyuniti 3 ho ea ho 100 - polysomes (polyribosomes). Ribosomes atisa ho ya kokangana ikhethang thread bonahalang tlasa elektrone ya microscope - le RNA.

E mong le e ribosome Odin ho synthesize polypeptide bona ketane, sehlopha - 'maloa joalo liketane le limolek'hule tsa protheine.

Mehato ea protheine biosynthesis

Tshebediso ya ea-amino acid. Ka hyaloplasm ho tloha mokelikeli interstitial ka lebaka la diffusion, osmosis kapa lipalangoang mafolofolo tsa amino ea acid e fumaneng. E mong le e mofuta oa amino le imino potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le sebedisana ka le motho - aminoatsilsintetazoy. Liphetoho butswe magnesium cations, a mankanese a, cobalt. Ho na le butswe amino acid e.

Protein Biosynthesis (Mokhahlelo oa bobeli) - le itšoara ka motsoako le e butswe amino acid e limithara-RNA. Butswe amino acid (aminoacyl adenylate) sebelisa enzyme isoa t-RNA tsa cytoplasm ena. tshebetso e catalyzed ke aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. masalla amino acid e e tsamaisana ho sehlopha hydroxyl tsa carboxyl bobeli athomo Carbo ribose nucleotide tRNA.

Protein Biosynthesis (sethaleng boraro) - lipalangoang tsa rarahaneng oa amino acid e butswe le limithara-RNA ka lisele tsa ribosome ena. The amino acid e amahanngoa le tRNA, e tlosoa hyaloplasm ka ribosome ena. tshebetso e catalyzed ke enzyme e itseng, eo ho eona 'mele ke seng ka tlase ho 20. Batho ba bang-amino acid tse isoa' maloa tRNA (mohlala, valine le leucine - tse tharo tRNA). Tshebetso ena o sebelisa matla a ya GTP le ATP. Bohato ba sa bone sa biosynthesis e tšoauoa ka e tlamang ea aminoacyl-t-RNA rarahaneng le RNA - ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA, ho ea ribosome e le sebedisana ka le limithara-RNA. E mong le e karolo t-RNA e comprised tsa nucleotides tse tharo - anticodon. The mRNA plot e tšoana le nucleotides tse tharo - codon. E mong le e codon ngollana tRNA anticodon le asiti amino ngoe. Nakong biosynthesis ba khomaretse ho ribosomes ka mokgwa aminoacyl-tRNA amino acid, e leng o bitswang ka tatellano ikemiselitse ka bewa ga codons le mRNA ba thehoa ka ketane polypeptide.

Ho ba sethaleng e latelang ea tswakana protheine - ke qalo ea ketane polypeptide. Ka mor'a e 'meli tsa boahelani aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon kopanngoa le bona codon-RNA, maemo a bakeng sa tswakana tsa ketane polypeptide. Eaba ba etsa peptide tlamo e. dithulaganyo tsena di catalyzed synthetases peptide, butswe MG cations le protheine tlhaho qalo lintlha f1, F2, f3 के. Mohloli oa matla lik'hemik'hale ke guanozintrifosfatnaya acid e.

Qetello ea ketane polypeptide. The ribosome, e neng e tsa maiketsetso ka holim 'a ketane polypeptide, le ketane fihla qetellong-RNA, o bitswang "lawko" e tsoa ho eona. Ho ea qetellong bo fapaneng ya mRNA khomaretse sebakeng sa eona e le ribosome e ncha, eo synthesizes limolek'hule mong polypeptide. The ketane polypeptide e detached ho tswa ribosome le e excreted ka hyaloplasm. itšoara joang ena e etsoa ka ho sebelisa e itseng ho lokolloa Ntlha e (R), e leng e tse amanang le ribosome le ntsetso-peleng ea hydrolysis tsa khokahano phenylate pakeng tsa polypeptide le tRNA.

Ethers le thehoa ka liketane hyaloplasm polypeptide ea liprotheine e rarahaneng. Thehoa mahareng, e phahameng le maemong a mangata - sebopeho quaternary ya protheine molek'hule. Ka tsela eo ho na le protheine biosynthesis ka seleng.