Prague - motse-moholo oa Czech Republic. History, Prague maeto

Ea boholo-holo le ea mohlolo, ikhetha, 'me e khahlehang, Golden Prague - motse-moholo oa Czech Republic. Ka lilemo tse likete e hōlile 'me ba le ka motsoako ea litsela tsa khoebo. ponahalo ea lona ea ka bonang histori eohle ea mehaho European: liqhobosheane Gothic le arches, likereke Baroque le mehaho Renaissance, mohaho o ka Rococo le Art Nouveau. Prague e bohareng ea bohlokoa le dikwere lona le leholo le matsoelintsoeke le literata tse moqotetsane, cobblestone, qeto UNESCO e ho kenyeletsa palong ea World Cultural Heritage.

mantsoe a seng makae e mabapi le naha

Ka pelong ea Europe, pakeng tsa maralla, lutse har'a moru Bohemian le Sudeten lithaba, e Czech Republic. Ena naheng ha e na le sehokelo ho leoatle 'me e sehelane moeli le ke Austria, Jeremane, Poland le Slovakia. Czech Republic, mohlomong ho feta kae kapa kae e mong, motho a ka ikutloa moea oa Mehleng e Bohareng, ka hloko a sireletsa ka e mengata e litoropong le metseng e meholo, ntlo ea borena le qhobosheane mehahong. Beautiful naha motle foreime ya liemahale meralo.

Contemporary Czech Republic

Ka lebaka leo, seo ho thoeng ke Velvet tlhalo (ho putlama ka January 1993 Czechoslovakia - the Czech le SeSlovak Republic Federal) ka lefatšeng ea lipolotiki, ho na le tse peli tse nang re - ho SeSlovak Republic, e leng motse ka sehloohong e ileng ea fetoha Bratislava, le Czech Republic, o ile a lula motse-moholo oa Prague.
Ka histori tsa morao tjena European, e le hore mohlomong ba ka taba feela eo ho eona ho makala a naha ha ea tsamaea le sesole kapa tse ling tse mesebetsi coercion molao. Contemporary Republic Czech - le rephabliki Palamente e eteletsoeng pele ke mopresidente e, kgethilweng ke kgetho ratoang. Kajeno, Czech Republic tlasa boetapele ba khethileng ka March 2013, Mopresidente Milos Zeman karolo ea Soviet European le NATO.

Toropong ka sehloohong

Prague - motse-moholo, histori, setso le moruo "pelo" ea morao-rao Czech Republic, teng ka ka leboea-bophirimela ho naha, e bohareng ba Czech beisine. Ho haha motse o maralla hammoho le nōka Vltava le e arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli: ka bochabela le ka bophirimela. Located lebōpong tokelo ea Visegrad, 'me ka ho le letšehali ke Prague Castle. Ka lebaka la e fetisetsa e khafetsa e le setsi sa babusi ba Czech e tsoang ho fedisa mong ho e mong ka bobeli ba ema ka matla 'me hoo e batlang e di ne tsa kopanngwa ka' ngoe.

Empa ka molao le Big Prague e ile ea thehoa feela kotara ea pele ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, ka mor'a hore motse o meeli dozen maloa hoo e batlang e di ne tsa kopanngwa ka fedisa mong li ne li kenyelletsoa. Le pele e ne e le motse o monyenyane, e le feela 20 km le ^2. Morao-rao Prague 'mapeng koahela sebakeng se seng hoo e ka bang 500 ^km2.

Prague litšōmo

E bohareng ea histori ea Prague e mong le ntlo, serapeng le cobblestone borokho lona ka bolella e ngata litšōmo le lipale. Matlafatsa ka litšōmo le motheo oa motseng ona. Mora meloko Czech tlasa boetapele ba moholo-holo oa le Cech tla 'me o ile a qala ho hlahloba naha teng pakeng tsa linōka Elbe le Vltava,' musi o ne a Prince Krok, o tsosoa barali ba bararo, oa ho fela eo, Libuse, ka mor'a lefu la ntate oa hae ba tla ho matla. E ne e le a mang, ho ea ka tšōmo, e thehiloe e le mabopong a majoe a Vltava Vyšehrad qhobosheane, eo hamorao e ileng ea bolulo ba hae. Princess Libuse e ne e se feela bohlale le e ntle, empa hape o ne a fana ka mpho ea ponelo-pele. letsatsi le le leng, ba eme ka banka majoe tsa Vltava, o ile a khona ho "bona" hore motse oo o tla ba beha ka nako e khutšoanyane, eo botumo fihla ho fihla maholimong. O ile a ba a khona ho bitsa sebaka seo qhobosheane ena e tla hahuoa: monyako oa ntlo, e leng e lokela ho ba monna tinkering. Hang-hang bahlanka ba khosana ea potlakela ho batla 'me ka potlako o ile a fumana mong'a ka nako eo Prague ka Czech bolela "monyako", e bonolo plowman bitsoa Přemysl. Libuse ile a mo nka ho monna oa ka, 'me sebakeng seo ho sona a neng a etsa hore ba haufi le ho kena e thehiloe qhobosheane Castle, ho tloha eo hōla Prague - motse hore o ile a sebeletsa e le ea bolulo ba meloko e mengata ea likhosana Premyslid.

Ho ea ka bo-rahistori

Bo-rasaense ba lumela Libuse le Premysl plowman se fetang sa tlhaku tšōmong. Ha e le hantle, Prague e thehiloe na lilemong tse fetileng ho feta 880 ka mor'a Bořivoj, khosana ea pele ea Přemyslid leloko la borena la, ba ile ba fallela ho lula ha hae ho tloha Hradec nad Vltavou. Ho fumana boitsebiso bo mabapi le Libuse fumanoa ka mosebetsi tsebahalang ea Cosmas ya Prague "Czech Chronicle," 'me o qalile ba 623 - 630 lilemo tse. Ka nako eo, mathoasong a lilemo la bosupa, ho ea ka litsebi, ba Czechs ha bile statehood le sebopeho sa motse ke ho le joalo.

Seo ha lebitso la motse oo?

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, khopolo e ratoang ka ho fetisisa ke hore Prague - toropo eo lebitso la hae le tsoa lentsoeng la Czech Prah - «haufi». Ba bang ba bo-rasaense ba lumela hore Praha le tsoa ea Khale Maslav lebitso le Stony liphororo Vltava malibohong. Ho na le phetolelo e le hore lebitso la motse oo e ka amanang le lentsoe pražení - roasting, zazharki, kaha sebakeng sena lengoa e ngata ea lijo-thollo, 'me o fana ka tlhahiso ea lijo-thollo e se e pele.

Kaofela ha liphetolelo tsena li thehiloe feela ka ho hlahloba dibopeho puo. bo-rasaense ba mehleng ea kajeno ba lumela khopolo fetisisa utloahala ka liphororo tse majoe, tse neng li a mangata ka Vltava.

Kamoo ho bohle ba qala

Pele lehong Prague Castle e thehiloe ka ho halofo ea bobeli ea IX lekholong la lilemo la khosana Borzhevym. Qalong ea ea X lekholong la lilemo la ka lehlakoreng le leng la Vltava ema Visegrad. Ha nako e ntse ho pota liqhobosheane bobeli ba ile ba qala ho hlahella mohoebi le sekepe metsana. Ho joalo, lebōpong le letšehali theha sebaka Old Town le ka ho le letona, tlas'a Prague Castle, Lesser tsoha. Ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIII, nakong ea puso ea mora oa hae Premysl Otakar II ea, Duke ea Krakow le King Wenceslas II ea Bohemia, Prague - motse-moholo, e kholo ka ho fetisisa le ho fetisisa moruong ntshetswa pele ea motse, ba ile ba khona ho hlōla ba bang kaofela.
The heyday ea motse e ile ea nka hoo e ka bang kaofela XIII lekholong la lilemo la le thulane le ka puso ea Yana Lyuksemburgskogo le mora oa hae Charles IV. Ea bobeli e ne e khona ho phahamisa boemo ba Prague e le ea 'Muso oa Roma, motse-moholo,' me ka ka boholo, e ne e le ea bobeli feela ho Constantinople le Paris. Charles IV nakong ea puso ea hae ba ile ba leka ho etsa sohle ho bontša hore Prague - motse-moholo oa se feela a moruo, empa hape setso. Ho ile ebe hahile Charles Bridge le yunivesithi pele, ho qala ho kahong ea Cathedral of St. Vitus. Ebe lefapha arhiepiskopalnaya ileng ba bōptjoa, 'me ho na le e ne e le sebaka sa Best Mesto.

mekhahlelo ea ho hōla

Ka lebaka la ho Hussite Lintoa Prague nang le phihlelo e le nako ea ho etsoa lesupi le ho bola. Empa ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XV ho na le tsitsisoa butle-butle ka teropong qala ho haha e ncha le ho tsosolosa mehaho timetsoa. E ne e ka nako ena tlas'a tataiso ea meralo Benedikta Rayta tla ka Hradcany tsosolosa ya Old Royal Palace.

Bobeli "khauta lilemo" bakeng sa Prague tlile nakong ea puso ea ka Habsburg leloko la borena la, e qalileng ka 1526. babusi ba Austria ba invested a mangata manpower le matlotlo a ka ntshetsopele ya Prague. Ka 1612, ka mor'a lefu la Moemphera Rudolf II ea, motse lahleheloang boemo lona e le lekhotla la borena ka matla a feletseng a susumelletseha hore a Vienna.

The nako e tlang e neng e le heyday ya Prague XVIII la lilemo, e thulane le le tsoseletso e ile ea sechaba. Qetellong ea lekholong lena la lilemo, nakong ea puso ea Joseph II ea, ho na le mokgatlo ka tšimo e le 'ngoe la tsamaiso la e mene libakeng tse ka sehloohong tsa litoropo: Hradcany, Old Town, Lesser Town le New Town.

Qetellong ea XIX - mathoasong a XX lekholong la lilemo la, ha ho na le e ne e le ntshetsopeleng e potlakileng ea indasteri le moruo, hammoho le boholo ba lihlooho European, Prague e mafolofolo ntshetswa pele le o hōla haholo. Ho hlaha ha nako ena e ne e sitisoa ke Pele World Ntoa. Czechoslovakia - Ka 1918, e boemo ikemetseng ho ile ha thehoa. Nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, ho tloha ka 1939 ho fihlela ka 1945, Prague - motse-moholo oa 'Muso - hammoho le ba bang kaofela ba naha, e ne e le ka ho ea Manazi mosebetsi. Ka mor'a hore ntoa e le ho fihlela ka 1989, ha ho ne ho le "Velvet phetohelo" ka Czechoslovakia e ne e le karolo ea fihla kampong mososhaliste.

literekeng Prague

Morao-rao Prague e entsoe ka likarolo tse ngata, tse ling tsa tsona e ne e le ka lilemo tse makholo nkoa e le metse e ka thoko. Ba:

• Visegrad;
• Gawp Mesto;
• monyenyane;
• Hradcany;
• New Town.

Matsatsing a khale, ba ke ke ba feela ne tsamaiso ea fapaneng tsamaiso le kgatello, ditjhelete, empa khahlanong le e mong, ka linako tse ling etsahalang ho ea fihla bohato sesole. Ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIX ho ile ha nka sebopeho Khale Prague, e bohareng ea bohlokoa historing e kenyeletsang libakeng tse kang ea Khale le e Ncha Town, Hradčany, Vyšehrad, Mala Strana le Josefov - Jewish kotara.

Le hore ba ba teng ka sehloohong tsa histori, meralo le setso tsa maeto ba motse-moholo oa Czech. Ka lilemo tse latelang, motse ntse e hōla, 'me ho ne ho libakeng tse ncha, empa ba ile ba ba e thahasellisang ke baeti lintho hanyenyane.

Kajeno ke ho le thata eseng feela hore le bahahlauli empa hape ho matsoalloa utloisisa kamoo e arotsoe ka literekeng tsa Prague. 'Mapeng, ho ea ka khopolo ea kajeno ea thero ea motse, libakeng tse morao-rao khetholloa ka paballo ya naha ya bona bao e leng' masepala ho khetheha. Kahoo, motse oohle e arotsoe literekeng 22, ho akarelletsa le literekeng lona botho 57.

Hammoho le ketso e ncha le tsa khale toropong cadastral oona tsamaisong karohano. Ho joalo, Prague e arotsoe libakeng tse 10 ka sehloohong ea libakeng tse 112. Joalo phapang e bitsoa Tsamaiso le ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka litšobotsi tse sa tšoaneng tsa bophelo ba metseng ea litoropo.