BopheloMoriana

Ontogenetic a iponahatsa. Mabaka le boleng ba

Tsela ea ho phela ba bang ba mefuta e fokolang ka maemo a boima a tikoloho? Ho pholoha bona ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bona kopantswe mochine oa tlwaetsa, ke hore, ho fetola thepa tsa bona tlas'a bohato la matla a tlhaho, tse kang mocheso, moea, letsatsi.

Lenaneo la liphatsa tsa lefutso rerang sebopeho sa serurubele le tsoang ho chrysalis le batho ba baholo tlhapi e tsoang ntshetsopele ya mahe e nyenyane. Nakong ea liketsahalo tsena tse telele ho tsohle e se nang sesosa le lintlha exogenous tla ama phenotype tsa motho ka mong.

Ena ke ntshetsopele phetoho. Mehlala ho eona ka ho sa feleng linthong tsa tlhaho. Hoa thahasellisa ho utloisisa kamoo a lokisetsa tlwaetsa.

A iponahatsa ka baeloji. mefuta a iponahatsa

Saense official, ho na le ntho e kang phetoho e. Ho ea etsang qeto kamoo ba bang kaofela ba phelang batho ba baholo 'me ke eng matšoao Le tla rua ka tsela ea ntshetsopeleng lona. A iponahatsa ka kakaretso - ke bokhoni ba ho oraganizma fumana thepa e ncha.

Khetholla pakeng tsa a iponahatsa le liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho bao e seng liphatsa tsa lefutso. Nongenetic se ama sebopeho phatsa ea lefutso. Liphetoho li etsahala feela ka hare ho itsoara joang ka tsela e tloaelehileng. Ke hore, phenotype fapana ka hohle kamoo ho lumella genotype. Bao e seng liphatsa tsa lefutso a iponahatsa ke phetolo le ntshetsopele. A ho qetela fapaneng o boetse o bitsoa epigenetic a iponahatsa.

ontogenetic a iponahatsa

Motho ka mong, 'mele eaba ba etsa mekhahlelo e. Ho pholletsa le e mong le e sethaleng angoa ke lintho tse ngata tse tikoloho ka tikoloho ya hae. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, tsohle tse phelang, ho iphetolele ka ho itšehla thajana ka ha ho joalo. Le ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea lintho tse ngata tse phelang fumanang litšobotsi tse ncha.

Ontogenetic a iponahatsa e teng ka motsoako oa a iponahatsa le liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho bao e seng liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ka tsela e fapaneng ho o boetse o bitsoa epigenetic a iponahatsa. Hobaneng ho le joalo? Ea mofuta ona e phetoho e fapaneng ho tloha ba bang ka matšoao a hore e ncha bonahala le ka lebaka la mananeo a tlholeho liphatsa tsa lefutso, 'me ka nako e tšoanang ka lebaka la ho makgetheng exogenous. Ho se be le mananeo a joalo, mofuta o ne a tla ba ahlotsoeng libōpuoa tse ngata tse phelang tse ho fela.

Khopolo ea ontogeny

ontogeny ke eng? Khopolo ena - e mong oa 'nete hore mantlha thutong ea baeloji. Ho utloisisa hantle hore na ke eng e dipharologano fa ontogenetic, o lokela ho tseba ka tshebetso ya ho ontogenesis. Ha e le hantle, bo-rasaense ba 'notši lebaka la a iponahatsa ka lebaka la mokhoa ona.

Ontogenesis - e Process ntshetsopeleng tloha emoloa ho tsoalo. Ho bonolo ho trace tshebetso ena ke mohlala oa serurubele e. Qalong tsoaloa bangna (sa feiga. 1) thehoa therefrom popi (sa feiga. 2, 3), e leng e boetse e le Potoloho ea bophelo. 'Me ho tloha pupa ea The batho ba baholo e fofelang - the serurubele. Ontogenez hape ikhethang le dimela.

All seo se etsahala ho zygote (kopana ovum) ho qetela sebopeho sa phoofolo kapa motho, e ka o ile a ithuta le li hlahlobisisa.

Mehlala ea tlhaho li etsahala

Lisosa tsa ntshetsopele a iponahatsa, e thehiloeng ka holimo - ke maemo a tikoloho le lintho tse khethollang genotype ena. Genotype - the moralo oo laola phetoho tsohle.

Tsela ea ho laola a iponahatsa ba genotype joang? Genotype motho ka mong reguliret mosebetsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse itseng hore ba "bulela" nako e itseng ea ntlafatso. Futsitseng ho khetheha phelang ha se ka boeona pontšo, le mofuta oa itšoara joang ka sephetho sa habitats itseng. Ona ke molao oa tlhaho, e leng likou le senotlolo sa ho utloisisa mokhoa ona e le ho phetoho ntshetsopele. Mehlala ea ho phetoho joalo fumana linaheng tse sa tšoaneng le lik'honthinenteng. a iponahatsa e joalo ke tšobotsi ea liphoofolo le likokoanyana, 'me' muso o ka sa meroho.

Track fetola mmala le sebopeho sa letlalo la Andes digogwane phelang, Ecuador. ntlafalo lona nakong ontogenesis - the khale "moralo" ontogenetic a iponahatsa ka tlhaho.

Little a digogwane go ha e na utloe hammoho le 'mele le batho ba baholo, ha re ntse re bona, ka mahlakoreng a sa u ahele-up. Digogwane letlalo fetola 'mala ho coppery sootho; le 'mala oa thaka tsa e khubelu e khanyang fetoha coppery lamunu.

boleng a iponahatsa

Ontogenetic a iponahatsa boleng bakeng sa liphoofolo tse hlaha - haholo-holo tlwaetsa mong le e mong. The onaa molemo, le ho feta zhiznesposbnosti mefuta e ka maemo a tikoloho. moelelo 'ngoe ea a iponahatsa - mefuta e fapaneng ya phenotypes. Motho ka mong o na le, ka lebaka la ho a iponahatsa ba le litšobotsi tse ba bona ka bomong.

Ka ho ntlafatsa tlwaetsa e evolving tsohle mosa. Leha e le hantle, liphetoho tsena ke lieha haholo.

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