Northern modernist setaele ka mehaho ea St. Petersburg

Tšimoloho ea lilemong tsa bo-mashome a mabeli ka St. Petersburg tšoaea ho qaleha ea le lecha setaele meralo le, e mong oa lintho tse bath ea eo e neng e sebelisoa tseleng eo a entseng litšoantšo bokantle ea linonyana, liphoofolo, limela le mekhabiso alima litsomong leboea. Ba entse hlaphoheloa bohlokoa ka kene lekokong e meholohali le e itsotle ea St. Petersburg le ntlo. Mokhoa oa ho ngola la mehaho, e tsoela pele ka ho le maikutlo a lerato ka neano ea lineano Seswedishe le Sefinnishe, e bitsoang "Northern Art Nouveau". ponahalo ea hae e tlatselitse e matlafatsang e khōlō ea likamano tsa Russia le Sweden le Finland. Ka tsebo ea linaheng tsena, e bua haholo ka ka sehloohong e ne e le maikutlo a lerato, ka mafolofolo sebedisa litšoantšo ho tloha epics le lipale gospel.

Sehlooho sena go gorosa re ho liemahale khanyang tsa Northern Art Nouveau St. Petersburg mehaho.

lipontšo tsa setaele sa

Ka sehloohong matšoao Link e ka leboea ea mehaho ea kajeno ba khethoa le moholo bokgoni motsoako oa thepa ea tlhaho le maiketsetso qete. Mona, e mong le e tlisa melemo e itseng karolo tloha planar ho ba bang.

The soketeng leboteng le atisa ho sebelisoa Sefinnishe morema. Ka mokhoa oa modernist ka leboea e fana ka e lokisa lona batallang, boteng ba likhechana thelelo betliloeng le metsoako ea litsoantso tse betliloeng. The sefofane ha marako fatše e ka holimo e koahetsoe le e qetang lera ea litene kapa samente textured.

Har'a thepa ea motheo ea mokhabiso oa mehaho e ema ka ntle merero bululetsoe ke litšoantšo tsa litsomong ka leboea - limela lona le liphoofolo. Hlokomeleha ke tšebeliso khafetsa lithaele mmala le majolica.

Sebopeho sa mehaho, ka mokhoa oa ka leboea morao-rao, e khōlō haholo, ka mehaho ha ho na tse nyenyane le khabisitsoeng le dintho tse.

Fapaneng tlhakantsuke ya metsoako esita le dibopeho, mefuta e fapaneng ya openings fensetere, motswako bona le piers le molumo kakaretso ea matlo kene lekokong, e phethiloeng ka leboea Art Nouveau St. Petersburg ka kutloisiso e feletseng ea lentsoe la fetoha batang sebopeho rarahaneng, tšoanang ka nako e tšoanang khōlō dibopeho tsa Mehleng e Bohareng le ho o ka leboea naha majoe .

Northern modernist mehaho ea St. Petersburg e ne e se e fumaneha ka ngata, empa a sa ntse e ho amahanngoa le ho ba bang ba maqephe ka ho fetisisa ba bohlale historing ea kaho naheng ea St. Petersburg ba mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli. Likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa tataiso, e neng e ananela ke baahi ba sebaka sena, e ne e le tšebeliso ea thepa tsa tlhaho - lehong le lejoe, stylized motifs tsa mehaho setso ka leboea le e Bohareng, kamano e manyolo le dibopeho e khabisitse naha mona bokantle tikoloho.

Northern Art Nouveau St. Petersburg: History

Ntshetsopeleng ya setaele St. Petersburg ho ile ha tšoaroa tlas'a tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ea Sefinnishe, Sweden le mocha o-lerato mehaho.

Artist, paving tsela tsoang linaheng ka leboea ho St. Petersburg, e ne e le Sergei Diaghilev, ea neng a hlophisa le pontšo ea baetsi ba litšoantšo Scandinavian ka 1897 ka Sekolo sa Technical Gemalte tsa Baron Stieglitz. Hamorao motifs Scandinavian ne lata ke Litsebi a qala ho haha ka St. Petersburg lapeng ka seng mohla e kileng pele ka mokhoa oa nakong eo.

E o tsejoa hore mokhanni ea nang le mehopolo setaele ho tswa mohloding wa pele e ne e le Friedrich (Fedor) Lidval, e mong oa baemeli ba baahi Seswedishe motse-moholo o ka leboea.

Mosebetsing hae St. Petersburg ka nako 1901-1907 GG. Ba ile ha hahoa mehaho e, tse fetohile seng ho fapana ho ata ka Austria le Jeremane dikgetho Modernism.

Litsebi ela hloko le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ka sebōpeho sa mokhoa oa ho ngola bonono sa meralo ea ho haha ea lipalo joalo ka sehloohong le Sweden mocha o-romanticism ka Boberg le Klasson.

E monehelo bohlokoa hore ho thehoe ka Leboea ea Art Nouveau ka sethaleng mathoasong a ile ea kenyelletsoa ke ponahalo ea mehaho, entsoe ke R. Meltzer, ka Stone Island. Hamorao tšusumetso e ka ka mokhoa oa mehaho sepheo sa Sefinnishe e-ba e mong oa ba ka sehloohong. Landmark hahiloeng ka 1907, tse kang ntlo Putilova ka Grand Avenue. Petrograd Side (mosebetsi oa meralo I. Pretro), 'me mohaho oa Insurance Company "Russia" seterateng. Bol. Leoatle (mosebetsi oa meralo G. Gimpel), ke lipontšo tsa se qotse e tobileng ea mesebetsi ea basebetsi-'moho le Sefinnishe - L. Sonck le E. Saarinen. Ena, Leha ho le joalo, litsebi li re, ha hona ho tlaela batho ba ikhethang le phahameng bonono boleng ba mesebetsi ena.

Ka halofo ea bobeli ea lilemo tse leshome tse qalang ea mashome a mabeli Northern Art Nouveau St. Petersburg fetohileng meralo le ka sehloohong tsela e hapa thahasello ea Litsebi mocha. Ka nako ena, hokela ho seo a se finyeletseng ka sehloohong sa N. Vasiliev, molateli ea pele ea Romanticism, eo e ka amahanngoa ka mesebetsi ea Pono motho ya setaele. Holimo motifs linaheng tsa bochabela busitse sehlooho ka leboea ka pel'a ntlo A. Bubyr (Str. Stremyannaya), le moralo wa ho qetela oa Mamosleme, 'me mehaho e meng e' maloa.

Hamorao Northern modernist ile ka matla tšoauoa liphoso, tsofetseng hangata e chauvinistic. E le mefuta e meng ea ho seo ho thoeng ke modernist chuhonskomu entse neoclassicism, e hantle e le e le kannete ea sechaba ( 'muso) setaele. Leha ho le joalo ho ne ho bohle meaho e ncha le e ncha e ka leboea setaele modernist. Le khabisitsoeng le khale o ile a fa tsela ea ho rationalism.

Nyenyane mekhabiso le sculptural mokhabiso, eaba ba etsa setšoantšo maikutlo a lerato e nketsoe sebaka ke motswako wa kene lekokong polasetiki ea meqolo e kgolo - mathule, koung lifensetere, marulelo silhouettes. Haholo-holo tse thahasellisang, ho ea ka ka litsebi, meaho foleteng ka mokhoa Northern modernist, se hahiloeng ka 1910-1915 GG. (Meralo A. Bubyr).

baemeli ba

Northern Art Nouveau St. Petersburg hlahisa mosebetsi oa Litsebi isang:

• Vladimir Apyshkova;
• Alekseya Bubyrya;
• Nikolai Vasilyev;
• Alexander Zelenko;
• Fedora Lidvalya;
• George Makaeva;
• Hippolyte Pretro.

Houses ka mokhoa oa modernist leboea, St. Petersburg: Top 5 meaho tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa

Ho ka feta tsela ena ho ka thoeng beha phihlelo litabeng tsa ntoa mehaho setaele. E isang mehaho tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa e hahiloeng ka St. Petersburg ka leboea Art Nouveau, 'me ba tloaelane le histori ea bona. mehaho ena ke leqephe la khanyang ka maeto le thathamisang.

Bubyr ntlo seterateng. Groom, 11

Mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli, le St. Petersburg meralo Alekseem Bubyrem ile ka reka seterateng. Groom naha le meaho. Hammoho le setsebi sa meralo ea Nikolai Vasilyev mong'a qala ho haha ntlo ea foleteng, e rera ho lula le lelapa la hae, 'me ba bang kaofela ba foleteng le likamore ho hira. mohaho oo ka potlako atile 'me a fetoha e mong oa tsa maeto le lecha. Passers ka ho makatsa le ho thabela litšoantšo e sa tloaelehang, ho enneng khabisa kene lekokong lona. Eo libōpuoa feela ea ka se bonoa ka marako a oona: lla, tlhapi, dimela fantastis, libōpuoa tse sa tloaelehang ho tloha lipale gospel le litšōmo. A ikhethang mokhabiso oa ntlo o ile a fuoa ho ea ka setšoantšo sa letsatsi, joalokaha eka o ne a rerile ho khantša lehlakoreng ka sehloohong oa ntlo tobane le ka leboea: mona ha fumana mahlaseli a mofuthu oa letsatsi.

Kaho e ile ea nka lilemo tse peli. Ka 1907 ho ile ha qala ho rarolla bahiri ncha. Ka ho qetela, mokatong botšelela, ea meralo ea ho haha ba ile ba lula le lelapa la hae.

Features ya setaele ka sebopeho ka Stremyannaya

Sebopeho sena hlollang, lelele ho fetela ho Stremyannaya seterata, ke mohlala o tsotehang ka leboea Litsebi modernist Vasiliev, le konteraka o ka sehloohong oa mosebetsi le khabisitsoeng le ka kene lekokong khōlō, kopantseng makgetheng tse ngata, e le decommissioned maeto Russia le liemahale tsa Mediterranean.

Phethoeng koung nyarosa bamameli le evokes litloaelano le domes tsa cathedrals tsa Novgorod, lejoe mekoallo, e hahiloeng ka mahlakoreng tsa monyako le litaelo. ntlo eo e re hopotsang drawbridges ea isang ho liqhobosheane mehleng e bohareng le matshwaonyana letsatsi ka nako lefang sethabathaba ho mehaho bobeli European le Serussia, e ka bonoa ka terata ea tšepe le samente.

Qetello ea ntlo

Bubyr e neng e le mong'a ntlo ho fihlela ka 1919, ka mor'a phetoho e khōlō, o ile a tlameha ho ea ho Ukraine, moo hang ka bophelo ba hae o ne a ka masoabi khutsufatsoa.

Joale ntlo a Lula a eme sebakeng sa hae, 'me joaloka liemahale tse ling tse ngata, e bone e ngata. Mohaho oo o ile a pholoha ka teteaneng ea phetohelo, ntoa le ho tsosolosa. Ne le monyetla oa ho bona le eena har'a baahi ba bona le baahi ba tsomo: tsa pele foleteng ea meralo ea ho haha se ile sa aroloa ka matlo a kopanetsweng, mona o ne a lula e tummeng Eduard Khil. Hamorao ntlo ho ile ha buloa kape "Elf", eo o ne a rata ho bokana e fumanweng seholohali baemedi ho tloaeleha ha ea Leningrad ka tlas'a lefatše: Viktor Tsoi le Boris Grebenshchikov. E o tsejoa hore ka jareteng ea ntlo ho ile ha etsoa thunya filimi "Mor'abo rōna".

"Ntlo Tolstoy o" (ntlo ea Count chelete e ngata Tolstoy M. P.) seterateng. Rubinstein, 15-17

Ona o moholo 6-storey ntlo ho se lebaka bitsoa "motse hare ho motse." Haholo-holo moralo lona di a fumaneha mabaleng a mararo amana ke litemana tse theha e ba sebele bolulo motseng, 'me ho bonahala eka batho ba sa phela sebakeng seo, e fapaneng ho tloha ba bang kaofela ba motse: ka limithara tsena hlollang e ngata sebaka, empa le bona ba fapana ka tse ling tsa sepakapaka bona e khethehileng . Meralo - Fedor Lidval, kaho moreki a mohaho o moholo - (. 1877-1878 GG) Major Kakaretso Count Mikhail Tolstoy, eo e leng setho sa Serussia Turkish ntoa.

Lidval ratoa ka mesebetsi ea hae e sebelisa metsoako e bululetsoeng ke Renaissance. Tseleng eo a entseng ntlo Tolstoy oa o ka fumana mathule lohle ka holimo fatše, driveways, Renaissance arches. Mokhabiso oa ithiba e fapaneng ka boomo: nkhong e metle e matsohong a Cupid eme niches, khabisa menyako.

ntlo ena e ne e simolohile ka bolulo bakeng sa batho ba le lihlopha tsohle tsa sechaba: ho na le ba ne ba feela ka flats botho, hlollang theko lona phahameng le dikgetho moralo oa tšebeliso ea inyenyefatsang. Plan nahanneng elevators, hlatsoetsoa le metsi.

ntlo ena e ka nkoa e le rekoto hore palo ea batho ba phelang ka eona ka linako tse ling tse sa tšoaneng tsa batho ba tummeng, bao har'a bona-rahistori ba bitsa mongoli Aleksandra Kuprina, Mikhail Shemyakin, Ballerina Irina Kolpakova, mongoli le moqolotsi oa litaba Arkady Averchenko, Revolutionary seroki Vasily Knyazev le ba bang ba bangata. Ba bang ba limithara ntlo Tolstoy o ka linako tse ling tse sa tšoaneng tsa letsatsi ka bonoa tla etela kapa a khutlela hae, Anna Akhmatova, I. Brodsky, Dovlatov S., A. Rosenbaum, Valery Gergiev, Raikin, A. Freundlich, O. Basilashvili, M. Boyarsky le L. Luppian. Limithara le bokantle tsa moaho hangata e sebeletsa e le okametsoeng bakeng sa ho nkuoa filimi tsa filimi: mona ho nkuoa filimi "The Resort tsa Sherlock Holmes le Doctor Watson", "Mariha Cherry", "Ho Tsoaloa ha Phetohelo" le "likebekoa Petersburg".

"Sugarloaf" (matlong EG Follenveydera) ka Big mokhoa, 13

Kamennoostrovsky mokhoa tumme ka leruo la oona la liemahale meralo le ka Leboea Art Nouveau. Sena se totobala ka ho khetheha ka exteriors ea ntlo e kholo, eo mong'a ne e le moahi oa Switzerland, e leng serōki le mofani wa thepa ya Imperial Court E. Follenveyder, ntlo e ne e hahiloe ka 1905 ho ea porojeke e ne meralo Meltzer. The matlong ke disampole tsa Northern Art Nouveau, empa fapane le thepa ea motheo e meng ea Gothic Tsoseletso. Ena e hlalosa ka ho ha e le hantle hore mohaho oo e ne e le e 'ngoe liteko, a rala motheo oa se feela hlaha ka mehaho tsa litoropo, tataiso ea Northern Art Nouveau.

Ka mokhoa oa ntlo

u etsa qeto ea Stylistic tsa kaho khale ea ka lineano tsa Scandinavian le Sefinnishe romanticism. E tšoauoa ka tsela e bonolo le monumentality meqolo, litora tsa litonanahali, khabisitsoeng ka tente arched. A lebisa tlhokomelo e huleloa ho tšoeu mabota samente fapaneng le lithaele khubelu marulelo le bohlooho morema plinth. ponahalo ea hae Link mohaho tšoana le qhobosheane ea boholo-holo kapa tsa moetlo Scandinavian Art Nouveau ho haha, ho atile lekholong la XX.

Hoa thahasellisa hore hang ha mohaho ho ile ha hahoa, batho ba lona hang-hang bitsoa "Sugar Bohobe" - ka ho fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe ka lebaka la khanya e 'mala litsoeng ka samente le o molelele o Dome. E o tsejoa hore ka mor'a phetohelo, ka matlong e ne e le li etsoa sepetleleng. Kajeno, matlong nang Sedanishe consulate.

About foleteng ntlo I. M. Lidvalya ka Kamennoostrovsky PR., 1/3

E o tsejoa hore ka 1898 o, naha ka Kamennoostrovsky Avenue ile ha rekoa ke 'mè oa meralo F. Lidval. mohaho oo ke oa pele ikemetseng mosebetsi oa meralo e. New mokhoa oa mongoli, eseng pele tsebahalang ka mehaho ea St. Petersburg, e ne e le tokisetso ea ho kgolo pele jareteng, lohle-bulehileng ikutloeleng ntle. sengoathoana ena, atypical bakeng sa meaho foleteng St. Petersburg, ho kena folete e ne e fana ka e kholo chelete la leseli.

Har'a lintlha tlholeho ka bokoli, mongoli e sebediswa ea liphallelo cartouche, eo a khabisitsoeng-portal bohareng, 'me ea litututsoana letsatsing la phethoa mosebetsi ka karolo ena ea ntlo - "1902". Se nepahetseng ho se letsatsi e bontšitsoeng Pine makala le dikhouno, tse ka bone haufi le nonyana moru Peck norovyaschie lutse ka thōko ho 'mutla hae. Balebeli Hare bone ho feletsoe ke mefero morung oa-'moho le eena se seholo-eared. Ho le letšehali la letsatsi, u ka ratang ea ka setšoantšo sa hlooho ea Kangna ka molomo butsoe, haufi perched ka sephooko ea lekala le nang le mapheo ha namela libakeng tse.

Exterior ama bongata ba mokholutsoane setšoantšo, kholo-tlhapi, frutos e hlaha, toadstools, lalele joalo joalo. Hohela le talimisisa teng lifensetere multiple Bay le mathule, openings fensetere, a ile a beha litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa limela le liphoofolo. makgetheng tsena stylistic ke lebaka la hore ntlo e boletsoeng ka libuka ka histori ea mehaho. Qalong e "Molemo ka ho fetisisa shebaneng" St. Petersburg (1907), mosebetsi meralo e se e fuoa.

Har'a balemi kholo-lebitso bitsoa lelapa Lidval, moetsi oa litšoantšo K. Petrov-Vodkin, motšoantšisi Yuri Yuriev.

"Ntlo le liphooko" (foleteng ntlo Putilovoy T. N.) on Grand Avenue PES, 44

Ponahalo ea lebitso la hae bo sa reroang ba mohaho ba ho hlokahala ho liemahale tsa liphooko adorning kene lekokong lona. ntlo e ile ea hahoa ka nako ho tloha 1906 ho 1907. Mongoli lona e neng e le setsebi sa meralo Hippolyte Pretro - e mong oa baemeli ba St. Petersburg Northern Moderne. mohaho oo e ile ea hahoa ho mohoebi Putilova, eo ka nako eo e neng e le mong'a mong oa manufactory tsa mabenkele ka Vasilyevsky Island.

Ntlo hlokomeleha bonono ho hloka taolo, lifensetere tsa dibopeho fapaneng: shirokime, moqotetsane, mantsoe a mang, nako e telele. Ka mor'a moo, a li shebang hlokomela ho ba teng ha mohato mohato oa Bay lifensetere, khaphatseho mokhabiso litšoantšo morui, nkiloeng limela ka leboea, liphoofolo le ea litsomong. Ntlo le liphooko ke letšoao le tummeng motseng oo. A ho ba sieo tsa metsoako le khabisitsoeng le ntlo ba ne ba ka nkoa e le tse tloaelehileng monolithic le literata, ka hare ho lona ho ke lebaleng-hantle. Empa ho ba teng ha pele casings, mathule le litšoantšo babatsehang melemo kene lekokong e le kannete e sa lebaleheng. Ho ke "Ntlo le liphooko" e nkoa e le karete ea khoebo Northern modernist setaele. Ka 1912, mosebetsi oa ho meralo ka tlhōlisano ea molemo ka ho fetisisa Pretro mekhabisong supa khau silevera. Ka nako eo ho ne ho hlokahala'ng ho amohelwa ha bokhabane ba mongoli.

Ka ho tsosolosoa ha lineano

Se ileng sa thabisa tsa gourmets tsohle le Fans ea lijo tse hlabosang 'me ka bophelo bo botle ha e le nako e telele fetileng ho Petrograd Setereke o ile a bula ntlo ea lijo "Northern modernist setaele". Lebitso la mokgatlo re hopotsang ho mehla ea, tšoauoa ka khōlo e ikhethang ea Russia boitsebiso naha, hammoho le e lipalesa seng mohla e kileng ea bonono, setso le mekhoa ea khoebo e ncha.

lebitso la bontša kutloisiso ea beng ba ho hlokahala ho hlasimolla le ho matlafatsa lineano ea sechaba. The reschorenteng e haufi le thepa ea mohaho, e leng Houses le "PetroCongress". Fine libaka tsa bokantle le ka hare li lumellana le originality tsa menu ya lona, e leng e laoloa ke lijana tsa cuisine pele ho Revolutionary.