Naryn-Kala Qhobosheane, Dagestan, Derbent. Tlhaloso, Excursion, histori

Naryn-Kala Qhobosheane (Dagestan) ke letšoao le khethollang le motse oa Derbent. citadel ena e ile kenyelelitsoe lethathamong UNESCO e le e hlomphehang tsa histori le tsa setso sefika ea bohlokoa lefatšeng. Ho fihlela joale a sireletsa mabota, liheke le litora tsa rarahaneng itšireletsa. Ka hare qhobosheane e leng ho fana ka litanka tsa metsi le matamo, mantsoe a, sefapano domed kereke le Juma Mosque. Tsena tse peli tse fetileng ke oa boholo-holo ho haha tempele ho fetisisa ka Federation le Serussia.

Litsebi li ntse ba lumellane mabapi le mabapi le hore na lilemo tse ngata ho Naryn-Kala se a khanna. Kaho ea pele ea qhobosheane e matleng a lekholo la botšelela la lilemo, 'me morao tjena ho fetisisa - ka le metso e mehlano. A re ke re nka leeto ho ka thoeng ba liqhobosheane ena ea boholo-holo.

Naryn-Kala histori qhobosheane

motse Derbent ka boeona e le lilemo tse fetang likete tse hlano. Ho lumeloa hore ho citadel bitsoa Naryn-Kala, ke hore, matla a letsatsi, o ile a qala ho haha Shah Kavad lekholong la botšelela la lilemo. mora oa hae, Khosrow pele Anushirwan, tsoela pele ka mosebetsi oa ntate oa hae 'me a haha qhobosheane lerako, overlapping temana pakeng tsa Caucasus le Leoatle la Caspian. Ho lumeloa hore bolelele ba eona ke km mashome a mane. Leboteng kena leoatleng, ka tsela eo thibela tsela ea barbarians ho tloha ka leboea ka metsi a sa tebang le basireletsi ba citadel ho fana koung e loketseng. Empa mehaho ena eohle e matleng a hae ho nako ea pele ho Arab ea mathoasong a Mehla e Bohareng. A ba lintho tse epolotsoeng phuputso e entsoeng morao-rao sibolloa hore qhobosheane Naryn-Kala (Derbent), e ne e le ho fedisa ho feta ea boholo-holo e lika-likelitsoe ke lerako la seretse setene. Ho qalile ho tloha ea puso Yezdegerd II (lilemo tse 438-457) le bua ka morao Sealbania-Sarmatian le nako Sassanian. Empa e le hore hase bohle. litene Adobe ba ile ba behoa ka lejoe pedestal. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, majoe ena ke ea mabota ikemela ea Derbent, e e-ba teng esita le lilemo tse likete tse hlano tse fetileng.

Moo 'me ke hobane'ng ha Naryn-Kala e ile ea hahoa

Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo Hare Ages Persia 'muso oa kamehla pepesehetse litlhaselo tse sa barbarians-nomads tswa masabasabeng ka makgobokgobo Volga. Ka hona, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho koala ho thoeng la Caspian Gates Dzhalganskogo pakeng tsa li susumelletsa ba orilla le leoatle. Manganga le robust majoe o teteaneng le phahameng mabota ne keneha tsa libetsa tsa linako tseo. Empa hamorao ho Naryn-Kala qhobosheane ba hanyetsana sieges tse ngata. Mora basireletsi tsohle thusitse naha. Ka mahlakoreng a mararo ba matsoapo a leralleng leo e emela ho citadel, moepa haholo.

Fort, ho fapana le mehahong fetileng e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane, e ne e se ho fedisa. O ne a eme ka hōjana le Derbent le ile leo ho ahiloeng ho ke balebeli ba lebeloa karolo moqotetsane. Empa qhobosheaneng e ne e boetse e le ea bolulo ea marzpanov - MoIran babusisi. Kahoo hang e e-ba ea bohlokoa tsamaiso, khoebo le setsi sa setso.

The citadel e matla

Ho fihlela hona joale, batho ba sisinya bokhoni itšireletsa la qhobosheane ea ka. sebopeho lona e bitsetsa ke contour ba naha ena. Naryn- Kala qhobosheane ke khutlontsi tsoeng, contoured marako a limithara tse tharo teteaneng. Lihahi sebediswa bakeng sa kulo seretse le lejoe diboloko. Bophahamo ba mabota tsena ke tse leshome ho leshome le metso e limithara tse. Hammoho pherimitha ya tora tse - ka e leng sebaka sa ka 20-30 limithara ho tloha mong ho e mong. Sebaka la qhobosheane ea ka - hectars tse 'nè le halofo. Ka keletso ka boroa-bophirimela ea qhobosheane e ke tora e le boholo ba lisekoere, e leng borokho leboteng Doug mekoallo koahetse "temana la Caspian." karolo e itseng ea ho kena leoatleng, le tse ling - ka lithabeng. Methating e sa tšoaneng ea qhobosheane ea tse 'nè lebaleng. Ho tloha lehlakoreng le leng la citadel tsa Derbent lebeloa moepa haholo letsoapong ea thaba. E le hore 'a lefika ka etswa feela haeba ho na le libetsa. Se ileng sa etsahala ka 1796, nakong ea Serussia-Persia ntoa.

Kaho hare tsa qhobosheane Naryn-Kala

Persia sireletsa meeling e ka leboea ea citadel le le lokisitsoeng bakeng sa khoneha telele thibeletsoeng. Bakeng sa ikemetseng oona tsamaisong phepelo ea metsi metjha e ka tlas'a lefatše li ne li khanna, e leng ho tloha thabeng liliba ho ditanka lejoe ka har'a qhobosheane. E 'ngoe ea ho fana ka litanka tsena fetohile ... kereke ea Bokreste. Mohaho ona sefapano domed se ile sa emisoa lekholong la bone kapa bohlano. Hamorao ho ile ha sebelisoa e le tempele ea-barapeli ba mollo - Zoroastrians. Ha linaha tsena thehilwe Boislamo, ba tlohela ho haha. Ho butle-butle o ile a ka tlas'a lefatše 'me e ne e sebelisoa e le pokello bakeng sa polokelo metsi. Ho makatsang, ka lebaka la ho ea kerekeng hona le ba ileng ba pholoha ho mehleng ea rōna. Sena se - ea Bokreste kereke khale ka ho fetisisa naheng ea Russia.

Ke liemahale mehleng e bohareng tsa mehaho kenyeletsa Juma Mamosleme. E boetse ke khale ka ho fetisisa Russia. kaho lona ke ea lekholong la borobeli la. Empa thepa ea mohaho e ne e tsosolosoa ka makhetlo a mangata ka lilemo tse makholo tse latelang. Lekholong la le metso e mehlano pele ho Mamosleme e ile ea hahoa madrasah. Ke ne ke le citadel Naryn-Kala (Derbent), 'me ntlo ea borena Shah e. Empa o ile a re e le lithako.

Kaho ea nako e ncha ea ho naha ea Naryn-Kala

Qhobosheane, 'me le eona motseng ba ne ba sa lahleheloa ke ea bohlokoa mosolotogamaano le bophirima-tsatsi ba Mehleng e Bohareng. Ka citadel tsa khans tsa Derbent rarolloa. Ba reteleha ba Naryn-Kala qhobosheane ho ea bolulo ba hae. ntlo ea borena Shah o ile oa khaotsoa, empa ka citadel lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robeli ho ile ha hahoa e ncha Khan Moifo (nakong ea puso ea Fet-Ali). Ho phaella moo, e rarahaneng eketsa meaho tsamaiso. sekoting sa chankana ena (ka tlaase isoe teronkong), Sofa Khan (Office). Mona leshano mesaletsa ea mausoleums ka babusi Derbent e.

Bolokoa hlapa le Khan (XVI-XVII lekholong la lilemo la). Ke lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robong meaho Russia akarelletsa guardhouse. Hona joale mohaho ona ke bonono la gallery tsa Derbent.

epolloa lintho tse epolotsoeng

Lekholong la mashome a mabeli qhobosheane o ile a qala ho sebetsa le bo-rahistori ba ho fumana hore na le lilemo li 'nete tsa Naryn-Kala. Ya e le hantle, ho haha citadel le sa kaho ea ea ho itšireletsa leboteng Doug mekoallo koahetse Derbent temana amana lekholong la botšelela. Empa ho etsa lipatlisiso ba lintho tse epolotsoeng ba atoloswa a le lilemo li ka makholo a lilemo ho fedisa khutla. E fellang kateng le hore esita le lekholong la borobeli la e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane ho fedisa teng BC. The stratigraphy tsa le dikarolo setso e bontša hore se etsahalang ka histori e thata. Alternation molora bontša hore palesa e nang le phihlelo mello tse ngata. Empa sebaka ke ho tlhōrōng ea leralla leo hona joale le emela qhobosheane Naryn-Kala, le ka mohla horuloa. Laola temana eo pakeng tsa la Caspian Leoatle le Caucasus haesale bohlokoa ka sesole le likamano tsa khoebo. Ho fedisa butle-butle eketseha le ntshetswa pele ho fihlela ho ho kenella ka hare Sassanid.

bulehileng musiamo

Ka 1989, ho ile ha thehoa ke Reserve State Historical-meralo. Ho akarelletsa ho ea literekeng khale motseng oa Derbent le musiamo rarahaneng "citadel Naryn-Kala." Security libaka koahela hectars 2044. Ka sebakeng se seholo joalo teng ka makholo a mabeli le mashome a mahlano liemahale tsa setso le histori. Ena ea phatlalatsa le sa bolulo mehaho, Christian le litempelana Mamosleme, bogologolo tsa setso ba lintho tse epolotsoeng ntšitsoeng epolloa. Empa, e seng feela ho citadel thahasella bahahlauli. E lokela ho ea Town Khale. Derbent, eo lebitso la hae ka Persia ho bolela ho "notletsoe Heke", e lula e inextricably amahanngoa le qhobosheane ea eona. Ka 2003, Komiti ea UNESCO ngotsoe ka World Heritage List of kaofela tsa histori-meralo le e rarahaneng. Le ka 2013, ho ea ka ya ka dipholo tsa ho vouta khanna har'a baahi ba Russia, Derbent qhobosheane e ile ea etsahala le metso e mehlano har'a lifika tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa le boemohali ba naha ya rona.

Naryn-Kala: leeto

Seo u se lokela ho bona bahahlauli, ba neng ba etela le citadel u ithute? Ho senola ho feta tsa Ferris Khan ntlo ea borena ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli. Ho tla boela ho be ho thahasellisa ho sheba hlapa ka. Sebopeho sena mokatong o ka tlaase e arotsoe ka likamoreng tse peli tse khōlō. Tsena adjoins likamore tse 'maloa tse nyenyane tse nang le marulelo a vaulted. Worth ea ketelo le e ka tlas'a lefatše chankaneng-sekoting sa chankana. Mohaho ona o ka limithara tse leshome le motso tebileng o na le sebōpeho sa jeke e. Mekgokolosa mabota ha fa batšoaruoa ba se na tsela ea ho hloa ho ea holimo-limo. Ntle ka ho fetisisa ea liheke tsohle tsa ntlo ea borena ba Orta-Qala leboteng ka boroa. Ho lokela ho boela ho be le a tseba oona tsamaisong phepelo ea metsi ea citadel ena. Bolokoa Lejoe le phaephe ceramic. Le ka batho ba Derbent ntse fumana metsi ho tloha lilibeng le Haibulah Dgiarchi-Bulakh e tlisoang ke ho lithaba liliba ho tloha e aqueduct boholo-holo. Le ya e le hantle, u ka ke a tlohela citadel, ntle le etetse Juma Mosque le kereke ea boholo-holo ba Bokreste.