Noka lipalangoang. Lipalangoang ke lipalangoang noka. Riverport

Metsi (noka) tsamaisa - sena lipalangoang, eo e fana ka lipalangoang tsa bapalami le thepa ke lijana ka linokana bobeli hlahang ho yona tsa tlhaho (linoka, matša a) le maiketsetso (matamo, likotopo tsa). Molemo-holo ke theko e tlase, ho etsa hore e le oa bohlokoa ka 'muso oona tsamaisong lipalangoang tsa naha, ho sa tsotellehe seasonality le tlaase lebelo.

Le melemo le mathata afe

Russia noka lipalangoang phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka hara-setereke le ho tsamaisa intra-setereke ba naha ya rona. melemo ea eona leshano ka litsela se hlahang ho yona tlhaho, tokisetsong ea eo sebedisa tlase bitsa chelete e ngata ho feta bakeng sa kaho ea liporo le litsela tse kholo. thepa litšenyehelo linokana e tlaase ho feta ka terene. Empa mosebetsi o boima tlhahiso e phahame ka liphesente tse 35.

Leha ho le joalo, noka lipalangoang na go tlhoka mesola maloa - ke ka linako tse itseng tsa tlhaho, le tlaase mokhatlo oa lebelo, tšebeliso e fokolang, e leng ka lebaka la phetolo ya marangrang a metsi. Ho phaella moo, mothapo e khōlō ea naha ea rōna phallang ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa le ho tloha ka boroa ho ea ka leboea, 'me ba ka sehloohong thepa phallang na le tataiso latitudinal.

litsela tse kholo ka sehloohong

Ka lebaka la kaho ea cascades ea fehlang motlakase noka Volga le Kama a retelehela ho lipeipi tebileng-metsi. Interbasin mabapi tsa Moscow-Volga, ea White Sea-Baltic le Volga-Baltic le Volga-Don le Volga kajeno United metsi tebileng tsamaiso, palo yohle bolelele - 6,3 no likete tse km. Ha le keketseho e tsitsitseng ea ho tsamaisa metsi ka hare ho naha ka karolong e ka bochabela ea Russia e ntse e le boemong bo itlhommeng pele ka ho e tshwerweng ke Volga-Kama beisine. Ka noka lona bakeng sa ho feta mashome a mahlano le sente ka ho ya ka ya ho tsamaisa bapalami le e laela. Sebaka se seholo beisine le o neng o tsamaisa noka ho tsamaisa thepa kaho (karolo ea 60 lekholong). tsamaisa bona o etsoang ho tsoa e litaelo bobeli, ho e advantageously intra botho ba hae.

Seo a isoa ke linokana Russia?

Noka tsamaisa ka methapo tsena haholo-holo o fana ka lifate, ao ho 'ona ka bobeli lijaneng tsa le khale, ka raft leo, mokhoa motsoako. Ka Volga Kama isoa moru Siberia le hammoho ea Volga-Baltic Waterway - moru Vologda le Arkhangelsk libaka, Karelia bakeng sa libaka tsa North Caucasus le sebakeng Volga. Noka tsamaisa ka Moscow e ka setotsoana lifate lipalangoang ka le kanaleng e tšoanang a le sebakeng Moscow le Moscow. Ka likoung tsa Volga le Kama ka mashala Kuznetsk beisine isoa, 'me joale e tsamaisoa ke linokana ho liteishene tsa matla. Ho phaella moo, sebaka se hlaheletseng e ileng ke pelehi ba letsoai - ka letsoai lipane Baskunchan kenela Volga Volga likoung, ho Urals, ho Center, Karolong e ka Leboea-Bophirimela tsa kgwebo ea indasteri ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho ke diyantle. Ho phaella moo, ho fihlela ho Volga romeloa lihlahisoa tsa temo (mahapu) ya Volgograd le Astrakhan libaka, litlhapi tloha Leoatleng la Caspian, hammoho le lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale ho tloha sebakeng Volga le Urals. Ka litaelo bobeli, isoa lihlahisoa oli le oli a sa jese litheohelang, cargoes lijo-thollo.

The litaelo ka sehloohong

Russia lipalangoang noka e haholo-holo hantle ntshetswa pele ka Volga-Kama beisine, hobane Kama le melatswana lona - e Vyatka le Belaya - ke ea bohlokoa ho Urals maqhama le North Bophirimela, ho Center, sebaka Volga. The Kama fatše trafficked haholo-holo lijo-thollo, lifate, oli, thepa lik'hemik'hale, thepa kaho matsoai. Ka tsela e khutlisetsang e fetisoa mashala, samente, lehong. E ka holimo Kama thepa haholo ka tlaase ho moo. Ho feta moo, Volga-Don le kanaleng thusa keketseho ea lipalangoang tsa bongata Volga. Thanks ho eena, ho tloha libakeng tse sa haufi le Don, ea Volga tsamaisa lijo-thollo, mashala, mahapu, lihlahisoa tsa indasteri le thepa tse ling. Ka fapaneng tataiso - lihlahisoa samente, manya, lehong lik'hemik'hale. All ena jarelang lipalangoang noka. Samara, hammoho le metse e meng ba sebakeng sa bo Hare Volga, ke mosebedisi e ka sehloohong ea thepa tsena. A karolo ea kholo ka ntshetsopele ya lipalangoang phetha mabapi waterway pakeng beisine ena le sebaka se North-Bophirimela, hammoho le ka e re tse ling tsa Leoatle la Baltic ka tsela Volga-Baltic. Meetly apatite mamelisisa e isoa ka southerly tataiso, manya, thepa ea ho haha, lehong le leboea - mejaro lik'hemik'hale, lijo-thollo, mashala le oli e tala lihlahisoa.

lipalangoang tsa baeti

Ka ho ikakhela ka le ka sehloohong phallang mopalami ea Volga-Kama beisine. seteishene sa leha e le efe noka tla fana ka baahi ba mefuta e fapaneng ya a libaka, kangoo, tsa litoropo le libakeng tse ea teropong. lijana mopalami ba ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa bohahlauli le boikhathollo. The nako e telele ke kangoo mola ho tloha Moscow ho Astrakhan, Perm, Rostov 'me Ufa. Kholo ka ho fetisisa seteishene noka ke motse-moholo oa Russia. Ka Volga-Vyatka beisine ea likoung kholo ka ho fetisisa noka ba Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Moscow, Perm, Astrakhan, Kazan, Yaroslavl.

North-bophirimela

Noka e telele ile a sebeletsa e le ea puisano bohareng lipalangoang tsa North-Bophirimela le libakeng Northern moruo. Karolong e Europe la linokana ka sehloohong bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa thepa ke Northern Dvina River le melatswana lona le Sukhona Vychegda, Pechora, Mezen, 'me ka leboea-bophirimela - Svir, Neva le White Sea-Baltic Canal. The linokana ka leboea tšoaroa le molapo e matla ea thepa matsoai ho haha le oli, lifate, 'me lijo-thollo le mashala. The likoung mathomo tse Narjan Mar, Pechora, Mezen, Arkhangelsk, Kotlas.

Ka leboea-bophirimela letamo lopolla southbound lifate le manya a tšepe , ho tloha Karelia, apatite mamelisise Kola Hloahloeng. Ka fapaneng tataiso - liindasteri dihlahiswa, lijo-thollo, letsoai le oli. A kangoo ntlha ya thepa e sa tšoaneng ba Volkhov, Petrozavodsk le St. Petersburg. Kahoo, Moscow le sebaka se ka Holimo Volga lokisetsa ho sa feleng mola mopalami. Hantle ntshetswa pele mona le litsela sebakeng seo, ena e ne e haholo-holo a sa bonahaleng le ho eketseha ha palo ea lijana phahameng-lebelo.

nģ'a bochabela

Ka bochabela, Russia le sebaka sa pele ea litaba tsa lipalangoang nka ob,-Irtysh beisine ka Bophirimela Siberia. Noka lipalangoang e tlatselitse khōlong ea oli le khase mehlodi ya, hammoho le meru. Ea ka sehloohong ho tsamaisa transshipment nodes (Tobolsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk) ka Irtysh le ob, fuoa mashala, ho cheka thepa le liphaephe, thepa ea kaho, lijo le lihlahisoa indasteri libakeng tse e ea oli le khase masimong a sebakeng Tyumen. Shop ea thepa ho hinterland ea k'honthinente e phethahatsoa ka Northern Sea Route, lateloa ke reloading ka melomo ea Taz, Pur le Obi ka riverboats. Boholo ba sephethephethe sa oela ka patsi e tsoela ho likoqo ho nōka koung ea Asino. Joale e se isoa likepeng ka Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk. Fetang kotara ea tsamaisa hammoho le Irtysh le ob, etsa thepa ea ho haha e tla ba libaka tse ka boroa ho ea ka leboea, libakeng la oli le khase indasteri. Hape, le habohlokoa haholo e na le noka lipalangoang ka lipalangoang tsa thepa lijo-thollo, letsoai, mashala le lihlahisoa tsa oli e tala.

Obi, hammoho le likoung tsa boholo-holo tsa Barnaul le Novosibirsk, ba bohlokoa karolo e bapaloang ke likou tse itlhahela mabapi le pōpo ea litsi liindasteri - Surgut, ob,, Labytnangi, Salekhard.

Angara le Yenisei

Yenisei River lipalangoang amahanya karolong e ka boroa ea Bochabela Siberia le libakeng tse Arctic. Mona lipalangoang moru fihle karolo ea bobeli borarong ea madi aa palo yohle ya Yenisei. Ho phaella moo, nōka ea isoa lijo-thollo, oli, mashala le kaho matsoai thepa. Upper Yenissei tloha Minusinska ho Krasnoyarsk, tšoauoa ka e predominance ea thepa e phalla tlaase ho linoka sebaka ka sehloohong e ae phethang ea lijo-thollo.

Molomo oa ea Angara: mona fihla karolo e khōlō ea moru, arola phallo ya thepa ka Yenisei. Karolo e khōlō e lebisitsoe ho ya hodimo, 'me molomo le ho Dickson - tlaase ho linoka. Ho phaella ho meru, e boemong ba bohlokoa lula lipalangoang ea thepa kaho le mashala matsoai. The likoung ka sehloohong ke Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseysk, Dudinka, Igarka, 'me ka Angara - Makarievo, Bratsk, Irkutsk, Ust-Ilim.

Lena le Amur

Lena thomello e qala ho tswa ho koung Osetrovo le atlehe ho makgobokgobo noka. Mona, ho phaella ho thepa malapeng a lopolla thepa eo tsoa sa terene e - ho tloha Tiksi Bay Sturgeon. karolo ea bobeli borarong ea sephethephethe fihlela mashala le thepa ea ho haha, 'me ba bang kaofela - moru,' me oli. Boholo ba bona ba ho tloha holimo ho ea tlaase. tshebetso thepa ba phethahatsoa ka likoung tsa Kirensk, Sturgeon, Yakutsk, Vitim.

Ka Bochabela bo Hōle, le leholo ho tsamaisa bohlokwa ya Amur le melatswana lona Zeya le Bureya. The mejaro ka sehloohong ke khoahlapisitseng, letsoai, tšepe, mashala, lehong oli, le tlhapi. Major likoung - Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk. Libakeng tsena, ka lebaka la ho tsa dibopeho tsa motheo ba sa tšoanelehe ba ho tsamaisa puisano naha noka ke ea bohlokoa, 'me ka lipalangoang tsa baeti.

lipalangoang leoatle

Bohlokwa e ka sehloohong ea ho tsamaisa leoatle ke hore ho fana ka karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ea Russia e kgwebo ya tsoang linaheng tse ling. Cabotage ke habohlokoa feela ho fana ka naha e ka bochabela le e ka leboea mabopo. The letseno ya thepa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa likepe e name ho ke ba etsang liphesente tse robeli. Sena se finyelloa ka lebaka la ho nako e telele sephethephethe hole - ka 4.5 likete tse km. Lipalangoang bapalami ka ho tsamaisa likepe e name ho ba hlokomolohuoang.

Mathata a Russia e tsamaisa likepe e name

Ka lefatše ka bophara ea likepe e name ho tsamaisa ya thepa letseno Ranked pele, ba eme ka ntle ba se tlaase-tlaase-theko tsamaisa ya thepa. Ka Federation ea Russia e ntshetswa pele ke batlang fokolang, e le hobane ba ka sehloohong litsi a moruo ka har'a naha li suthetse hōle le likou. Ho phaella moo, karolo e khōlō ea maoatle hore lika-liketsa naheng ea Russia li freezing. Sena se haholo eketsa litšenyehelo tsa ho sebelisa ena mofuta oa lipalangoang. bothata bo bong ke likepe siiloe ke nako haholo tsa naha ya rona. Ka mohlala, leoatle le ho tsamaisa noka ka Russia e ile ea hahoa holim'a mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, ke hore ha li amohelehe ka melao ea machaba, likepe tse joalo ba lokela ho etsoa likarapa. Ka likepe malapeng hoo e batlang e ha ho na le mefuta e ea kajeno ea lijana: bobebe, setshelo, khase, likepe le rapaletseng play loading-unloading le ba bang. Pele ho ikopanya le Crimea, Russia e ne e le motso o mong feela likou tse khōlō, empa ha hoa lekana bakeng sa ho joalo naheng e khōlō. Ka lebaka leo, e ka bang halofo ea thepa e tla haufi le leoatle, o ile a sebeletsa ke likou tsoang linaheng tse ling. Tsena ke haholo-holo e kileng ea lirephabliki tsa Soviet Union: Ukraine (Odessa), Latvia (Ventspils), Estonia (Tallinn), Lithuania (Klaipeda). Ho sebelisoa ha leoatle lipalangoang diyuniti thomello ea linaheng tse ling le ho khothalletsa batho tahlehelo e khōloanyane lichelete. Ha Black Sea likoung le boemo boo e feta kapa ka tlaase rarolloa, ka Baltic Sea lebōpong le e haha boema-kepe e ncha.