Na ho bonolo ho araba potso e reng: se fascism?

Ka mor'a ea bobeli ea lefatše e e-shoa theoha, lentsoe le kang "fascism" e ba boleng hlaka mpe, 'me hona joale lentsoe lena le e ngata ho hlekefetsoeng, kahoo e ipiletsang bahanyetsi ba hae ea lipolotiki le ea leketlileng dileibole bona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e joalo e tlhaloso sa hlakang tsa ketsahalo ena e tšabehang ka sebele lumella tsosolosoa ha mekga letona lepheo, eo, leha ho le joalo, e le u se ke ua bitsa bona, le hoja malongi moko bona ke le haufi haholo ho fascism kapa na ba bang ba likarolo tsa likhopolong tsa bona. Empa e ke ho le bonolo ho hlalosa ka ho hlaka se fascism, le tšoaea meeli ea lentsoe la?

Classic fascism, ke hore, ka e moqotetsane le kutloisiso ea histori ea lentsoe, ka 1922, e ile ea ka sehloohong ka Italy ka mor'a hore e tummeng "leetong ka Roma" Blackshirts Benito Mussolini. Lebitso "fascism" e na metso Setaliana, tsoa lentsoe "Fascio» (fascio), ke hore,, mekhatlo, mekgatlo ya basebetsi. A khōlō tsa lipolotiki li ne mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng e eteletsoeng pele ke Mussolini, o ne a bitsoa le Union ba Thatafalloa (Fascio by combattimento). Fascio, le eena, e amana le fascis Latin (tetemang, tetemang) - ho thoeng kakgolo Sebetsa lictors, balebeli ba sa Republic Roma. Ka tsela eo, ho fascia ntse ke le teng ka tšoantšetso ba boholong boemo linaheng tse ling (mohlala, ka tšoantšetsa tsa Serussia Federal Bailiff Service). Empa disymbol - letšoao, 'me hona joale ho nkoa hore ba le letšoao la motsamao oa Jeremane swastika Manazi. Empa seo itshola tsa fascism, 'me ke eng likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa likhopolong tsa see?

Blackshirts mokhatlo oa ka sebele a tla bitsoa ea bompoli, bochaba, 'me ba sebelisa lebaka la pefo e feteletseng e le mofuta o tloaelehileng ea ntoa ea lipolotiki. Empa, ho etsa mohlala,-ba khahlanong le Semitism le khethollo ea merabe ka fascism Setaliana aa ka a ema ka pele-pele ba likhopolong tsa bona, joalokaha ho ne ho le Manazi Jeremane. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha fascists Setaliana ne e hlakileng marang-nepahetseng tataiso, mekga le letšehali ho nka e ho hlokahala hore ho nyatsa ena likhopolong tsa lipolotiki, ka linako tse ling overreaction le ipiletsang ka bahanyetsi ba hae, esita le le baphadisani tloha liahelong le letšehali, ka mohlala, ba bang ba Makomonisi bitsoa Mademokrate ea sechaba "fascists ea sechaba." Classic "setseng" tlhaloso ya seo ke Fascism, ka VII Congress ya Comintern o ile a fa Georgi Dimitrov: "... e tlas'a puso ea bompoli ea likhukhuni ea ditheo reactionary ho motse-moholo lichelete ... In leano tsoang linaheng tse ling, fascism - e chauvinism ka mokhoa fetisisa mekhoa e metle hore hlaolela uterine lehloeo ikutloeleng lichaba tse ling".

Leha ho le joalo, tlhaloso ena ha e ka ho hlaka khetholloa litšobotsi tsa likhopolong tsa ho tsamaea, e leng ho re thibela ho hlaka khethollang seo fascism. saense ea kajeno e se e ba ile ba leka ho tlatsa lekhalo ena 'me a etsa lethathamo la makgetheng, ho ba teng ha ho ea eona e ka lenaneo kapa likhopolong tsa ya mokga lumellang bitsa Bofasista. Ena ea mabifi-ba khahlanong le bokomonisi, tse khōlō bochaba le esita feteletsang bosole, traditionalism, leaderism, statism, ho phahamisoa ha "titular sechaba" le bulehileng khethollo khahlanong le a manyenyane merabe, metsoako ea populism le ho bolela ho sireletsa batho ka kakaretso (Leha ho le joalo, sebe sena mekga tse ngata). Empa tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ea eo a tla ho mokha oa Manazi ka matla o na le totalitarianism hore ke taolo kakaretso ea boemo ba, le kenella ka hare ka Makala tsohle tsa bophelo ba batho.

Leha ho le joalo, esita le tlhaloso ena ea fascism etsa ho ka khoneha ho bitsa joalo lentsoe mekga ngata nationalist le ea bohatelli (ka mohlala, ho Taliban puso ka Afghanistan) le esita le o bontša ka lebaleng la boithabiso e leng lentsoe le kang fascism ea Sejuda, e sebelisa ho pepenene khetholotse leano la sechaba sa Iseraele.

Utloisisa (hlalosa) ke seo fascism, thusa ho ithuta joalo amanang itlhahela ka tšoanang le Setaliana mofuta oa classic ho tsamaea le eo Mussilini sebelisana kapa eo beha Blackshirts mokhatlo oa e le mohlala oa ntoa ea bona. Jeremane, e ne e le National bososhiale (le Bonazi), Spain - falangizm le Francoism, Portugal - The muso o mocha ka Hungary - "motsu Cross", ka Romania - the "Tšepe Balebeli" ka Brazil - integralism (le hoja likhopolong tsa lona ho ne ho se na khethollo ea morabe), se-bulgaria, Austria, Belgium le version Japanese tsa fascism.