Muscle dinama tse nyenyane tse: sebopeho le mosebetsi. Features ya sebopeho ya dinama tse nyenyane tse mesifa

Limela le liphoofolo tsa fapana, eseng feela ka ponahalo ea hae, empa e boetse e, nete hore, mo lekgotleng. Leha ho le joalo, le karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bophelong - ke hore liphoofolo ba khona ho fallela ka mafolofolo sebaka. Ka ntle ke ka lebaka la ho ba teng ka ho bona ea dinama tse nyenyane tse e khethehileng - mesifa. Ba re nka shebisisa on.

dinama tse nyenyane tse phoofolo

Ka 'mele oa liphoofolo tse anyesang' me monna le mefuta e 4 ea dinama tse nyenyane tse lera makala ohle le tsamaiso ea hore theha mali le ho phetha mesebetsi ea bohlokoa.

1. Epithelial. Liforomo koahela 'mele ka ntle sejana leboteng e lined le lera la mucous, bopa lera la serous.
2. Methapo. Liforomo makala kaofela tsamaiso tšoanang lebitso, o na le makgetha a ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa - excitability le conductivity.
3. Coupling. E teng ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le sekontiri se metsi - mali. E bopa e tendons, ligaments, lera mafura, tlatsa le masapo.
4. Muscle dinama tse nyenyane tse, sebopeho le mesebetsi eo etsa hore batho le liphoofolo ho phetha mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhatlo, 'me ba bangata dibopeho hare - konteraka le atolosa (lijaneng tsa,' me joalo-joalo).
   

Ha e kopana le cumulative tsohle tsa mefuta tsena etsa bonnete ba sebopeho tloaelehileng 'me mosebetsi oa lintho tse phelang.

Muscle dinama tse nyenyane tse: tlhophiso

A karolo ea khethehileng a sebetsang a mantle a batho le liphoofolo phetha sebopeho e khethehileng. lebitso la lona - e mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse. Sebopeho le mosebetsi wa lona pele haholo le e thahasellisang.

Ha e le hantle, lisele ena ke heterogeneous, 'me e na le tlhophiso ea habo eona. e lokela ho nkoa ka hloko. Ho na le mefuta e sa tsoaneng ya dinama tse nyenyane tse mesifa, tse kang:

• boreleli;
• striated;
• pelo.

E mong le e ba bona ba na le sebaka sa eona sa diriswa ka 'mele' me o etsa hantle-hlalosoa mosebetsi.

Sebopeho sa lisele tse mesifa

All mefuta e meraro ea lisele tse mesifa na makgetheng bona mehaho. Leha ho le joalo, e mong a ka khetholla dipaterone, ho tloaelehile hore batho seleng e sesebediswa ea sebopeho ea joalo.

Pele, ho ke ke e sebopeho molelele (ka linako tse ling ho fihlela ho 14 cm,), ke hore, fetela hammoho le mesifa 'mele kaofela. Tabeng ya bobedi, ke selotlolo konokono, hobane liseleng tsena ka ho fetisisa matla e protheine tswakana dithulaganyo tsoela pele, sebopeho le li bole kapele 'ea ATP limolek'hule.

Hape ka ho khetheha mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse sebopeho ka eo lisele tsa sona e na myofibrils libalaka thehoa liprotheine tse peli tse - actin le myosin. Ba fana ka karolo e ka sehloohong ea sebopeho sena - contractility. E mong le e fibril khoele-joaloka ho kenyeletsa lihlopha bonahalang tlasa ya microscope ka leseli le eketsehileng le lefifi. Tsena ke limolek'hule tsa protheine, eaba ba etsa ho hong ho kang palesa. Actin bopa e khanyang le myosin - lefifi.

Properties mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse ea mofuta leha e le efe hore lisele tsa bona (myocytes) bopa kakaretso lesihla - faeba mangata kapa symplasts. E mong le e ba bona ba e lined ka palotlalo hare accumulations fibrils, ha motsotso sebopeho ka boeona e na le liprotheine tse boletsoeng ka holimo. Ha re nahana ka sebopeho sa tšoantšetso sa mochine, e fellang kateng le joaloka matryoshka le, - tlase ho feta, 'me joalo-joalo ho fihlela haholo faeba mangata kopantswe hlephileng connective dinama tse nyenyane tse ka sebopeho ka kakaretso - mofuta o itseng oa dinama tse nyenyane tse mesifa.

Tikoloho ka hare ea sele, ke hore,, le protoplast, na kaofela ha metsoako e tšoanang mehaho hammoho le tse ling tse leha e le efe 'meleng. Phapang - ka tjhelete e ya nuclei le dikamano tsa bona ha e bohareng ba faeba, 'me ka karolo e itseng ea pheriferale. Hape ka karohano hore hase ka lebaka la boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso ea khubu ea, 'me ka lebaka la ho lisele tse khethehileng, ho jara lebitso la sathelaete e. Ke karolo ea myocyte lera le ka mafolofolo phetha nchafatso mosebetsi - ho tsosolosa dinama tse nyenyane tse botšepehi.

The thepa tsa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse

Hammoho le likarolo tse ling leha e le efe, tsena mefuta e fapaneng ya lisele tse nang le litšobotsi tse tsa bona, eseng feela ka ho sebopehong empa hape le ka mesebetsi entseng. The thepa ka sehloohong tsa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse ka eo ba neng ba ka etsa sena:

• tsa bohlokoa tse fokotsang;
• excitability;
• conductivity;
• lability.

Ka lebaka la palo e kholo ea likhoele methapo ea kutlo, methapo ea mali le methapong hore fepa mesifa, ba ka potlako lemoha linaoa pontšo. thepa ena e bitsoa excitability.

Hape bontšang ho mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse sebopeho tle e tsebe ho arabela ka potlako ho teneha efe kapa efe, a romela morao botsitso ka cortex bokong le khoele lesapo la mokokotlo. Ena ke pontšo ea conduction thepa. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo hobane le matla a ho itšoara ho litla soka (lik'hemik'hale, ho phetha molao feela, botho ba 'meleng) - boemo bo bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo tloaelehileng sireletsehileng ea phelang efe kapa efe.

Muscle dinama tse nyenyane tse, sebopeho le mosebetsi o e etsa - tsohle ena ka kakaretso e fokotsehile ho thepa e khōlō, contractility. E a qala ho e hatellang (controllable) kapa involuntary (ntle le taolo elang hloko) fokotsa kapa ho eketsa bolelele ba myocyte ena. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho le protheine myofibrillar (actin le myosin linaleli). Ba ka otlolla le thinning hoo e ka bang ho a sa bonahaleng, 'me joale ka potlako tsosolosa sebopeho lona.

Sena ke haholo-holo mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse ea mofuta ofe kapa ofe. Kahoo hahoa mosebetsi oa lipelo tsa batho le liphoofolo, likepe tsa bona tsa mesifa le leihlo, le manakana a potolohang apole. Ke thepa ena e fana ka le matla a ho mokhatlo oa motho ea mafolofolo, mokhatlo oa ka ho sebaka. Eng kapa eng eo o ile a khona ho etsa hore motho a ha mesifa ea hae e ke ke ea fokotsoa? Tlohela. Hlahisa 'me theola letsoho, ho qhoma, nanye, Together In le ho matha, ho phetha mefuta e fapaneng ya dira dithutiso - kaofela thusa ho etsa hore mesifa ea feela. E leng myofibrils actin le myosin mofuta eaba ba etsa myocytes lesela.

The thepa ya moraorao tjena, e tlameha ho builoeng ke lability. Ho akarelletsa ho le matla a ya lesela ho hlaphoheloa ka potlako ka mor'a nyakallo, ba tle ho tshebetso feletseng. myocytes molemo ka etsa sena feela axons - lisele methapo ea kutlo.

Sebopeho sa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse, ho rua thepa tse thathamisitsoeng makgetheng ikhethang - mabaka ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho kenya tshebetsong tse 'maloa ya mesebetsi bohlokoa' meleng oa batho le liphoofolo.

lesela boreleli

mofuta o mong oa mesifa. Ho na le hlahang ho yona mesenchymal. E lokisetsa ka tsela e fapaneng ho batho ba bang ba. Myocytes nyane, hanyenyane o molelele o, a tšoana thatafetseng e bohareng ba faeba ka. Ka karolelano boholo seleng e ke ka 0.5 limilimithara ka bolelele le microns 10 le bophara ba.

Protoplast ke ho ba sieo ha sarcolemma. The konokono tsa ntho e 'ngoe, empa e ngata mitochondria. The diriswa ya lintho tse bonahalang tse liphatsa tsa lefutso, ba arohane le ho cytoplasm karyotheca - ka bohareng ba seleng ea ka. The lero la mali lera e lokisetsa feela ho lekane, liprotheine tse rarahaneng le lipids ile a hlokomela. Haufi le mitochondria le cytoplasm qhalakantsoeng miofibrillnye masale nang actin le myosin lintho tse ngata tse nyenyane, empa a lekaneng ho fokotsa dinama tse nyenyane tse. Endoplasmic reticulum le Golgi rarahaneng tse 'maloa nolofalitsoeng le fokotswa ha ho bapisoa le lisele tse ling.

Smooth mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse thehoa myocytes libalaka (lisele tse leakage radiation e bōpehileng joaloka) o ile a hlalosa sebopeho innervated efferent le likhoele afferent. Ho e ka tlasa taolo ya tsamaiso ea methapo autonomic, ke hore, fokotswa, thabile ntle taolo elang hloko ea 'mele.

Ka ba bang ba le boreleli mesifa mele thehoa ke lisele ka bonngoe ba se nang balekane le innervation ho khetheha. Leha ketsahalo ena ke ka seoelo. Ka kakaretso, ho na le mefuta e 'meli e ka sehloohong ea lisele tse boreleli mesifa:

• secretory myocytes, kapa a maiketsetso;
• boreleli.

Malodifferentsirovanna sehlopha sa pele sa lisele tse kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e plurality tsa mitochondria, Golgi sethusathuto hantle a bua. The cytoplasm e ka ho hlaka amahanngoa mangata a myofibrils contractile le microfilaments.

Sehlopha sa bobeli se ba myocytes khetheha ka tswakana tsa polysaccharides le combinative rarahaneng dintho macromolecular, e leng ka ho eketsehileng hahoa collagen le elastin. Ba ile ba boela ba se hlahisitseng karolo e khōlō ea ntho intercellular.

diriswa 'meleng

Smooth mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse, sebopeho le mosebetsi o e etsa, e lumella hore e amehe ka makala a fapaneng ka tekanyo e sa tšoaneng. Ho tloha innervation ha ho ya ho laola ke mosebetsi oa batho o ile a laela (kelello ea hae), le diriswa tla ba ho loketseng. Tse kang:

• marako a methapo ea mali le methapong;
• boholo ba litho tsa ka hare;
• letlalo;
• leihlo le likarolo tse ling.

Tabeng ena, mofuta wa mosebetsi oa mesifa boreleli - the tlaase lebelo.

mesebetsi

Sebopeho sa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse e lefisang sa hatisa mohopolo ka ho toba le mesebetsi eo ba neng ba e etsa. Kahoo, mesifa le boreleli e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsa liopereishene tse latelang:

• phethahatso ea khutsufatso le boikhathollo tsa coercion;
• khutsufatso le katoloso e ntle ea lumen ea methapo ea mali le lisele tsa mmele;
• motsamao oa e mahlo ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng;
• taolo ea molumo oa ho senya le litho tsa ka hare tse ling tse sekoti;
• ho fana ba ikutloa ka tsela hore ba nke khato ho ba li-hormone le lik'hemik'hale tse ling;
• phahameng ductility le puisano dithulaganyo tsa nyakallo le khutsufatso.

Gallbladder, gastric sebaka confluence ea intestine le, senya mosese, lisele tsa mmele le mali ea bohlokoa lijana, methapong 'me ba bangata drugieorgany - ba ba khona ho sebetsa hantle feela ke thepa ea mesifa boreleli. Management, hang pehelo ke tieo ikemetseng.

Striated mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse

The mefuta e ka holimo ea dinama tse nyenyane tse mesifa ha ho ya ho laola ke kelello ea motho, 'me ha ba ikarabelle bakeng sa mokhatlo oa lona. Ke tokelo e khethehileng ea sebōpeho sa likhoele - striated.

Pele re utloisise, kaha seo ba neng ba 'nile ba fuoa lebitso lena. Ha ba ne ba nka ka microscope u bona hore dibopeho tsena ba le striations ikemetseng mose ho palesa itseng - protheine actin le myosin linaleli tse etsang myofibrils. Hore e ne e le lebaka la ho tlotla joalo dinama tse nyenyane tse.

Cross-mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse e myocytes se se akaretsang sa plurality ea cores le eo ke lebaka la kopanngwe dibopeho tse 'maloa lisele. ketsahalo ena e khethiloe ka mantsoe a reng "symplast" kapa "syncytia." Ponahalo e likhoele emeloang telele, o molelele o lisele tse cylindrical, ka thata-thata kokangana tloaelehile hore batho ba intercellular ntho. Ka tsela eo, ho na le dinama tse nyenyane tse e bopa ya moralo wa articulation tsa myocytes tsohle. E nang le tsona e mesifa boreleli. Connective dinama tse nyenyane tse - motheong oa ntho intercellular, e leng e ka ba ka bobeli le letšo-letšo 'me hlephileng. E boetse e etsa hore mefuta e fapaneng ya tendons, eo ka yona striated mesifa ya marapo khomaretse masapong.

Myocytes nkoa lesela empa ba boholo haholo, ba ntse ba ka makgetha a ho seng mekae:

• lisele tse sarcoplasm na le e ngata ea myofibrils habonolo distinguishable le microfilaments (actin le myosin ka motheo oa);
• ya data dibopeho tse kopantswe ka lihlopha tse khōlō - ho likhoele mesifa, e leng ka lehlakoreng le ka ho toba ha thehoa ya marapo mesifa lihlopha tse fapaneng;
• Ho na le nuclei a mangata hantle bontša reticulum le sethusathuto Golgi;
• hantle ntshetswa pele mitochondria tse ngata;
• innervation o etsoang ho tsoa tlas'a taolo ea tsamaiso somatic tšohile, ke hore ka natla;
• mokhathala faeba o phahame, leha ho le joalo, le tshebetso haholo;
• lability holimo karolelano, ho itima lijo a hlaphoheloe ka mor'a refraction.

Ka 'mele oa liphoofolo le batho mesifa striated e khubelu. Ena e hlalosoa ka ho ba teng ha myoglobin ka likhoele le - protheine e khethehileng. E mong le e myocyte koahela hoo e batlang e sa bonahaleng e tsoang ka ntle shell a bonaletsang - sarcolemma.

Ha a le lilemo mocha oa liphoofolo le batho mesifa ya marapo na le ho feta le letso-letso connective dinama tse nyenyane tse pakeng tsa myocytes. Le temana eo nako le botsofali e nkeloa sebaka ke bo hlephileng le mafura, kahoo mesifa ba flabby le ba fokolang. Ka kakaretso, ya marapo mesifa nka ho fihlela ho 75% ya boima palo yohle. Hore o nama ea liphoofolo, linonyana le litlhapi, e leng monna e mong o ja. boleng phepo e nepahetseng ke bo phahameng haholo ka lebaka la ho dikahare tse phahameng tsa metsoako e sa tšoaneng protheine.

A mefuta e fapaneng ya mesifa striated, ho phaella ho masapo le, pelo e leng sona. Features ya sebopeho lona ka ho bontšoa ka ho ba teng ha mefuta e 'meli ea lisele: lisele tse tlwaelehileng mesifa le cardiomyocytes. Hangata ba na le mohaho o tšoanang e le masapo ea. Ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ikemetseng khutsufatso ea pelo le methapo ea sona. Empa cardiomyocytes - likarolo itseng. Ba e nyenyane ea myofibrils, 'me ka hona, actin le myosin. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a bokhoni bo tlaase ho fokotsa. Empa mosebetsi oa bona ke ha ho joalo. Karolo e phethoang ka sehloohong - tshebediso ya excitability ba pelo, le morethetho ho ikoetlisa automaticity.

Cardiac mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse thehoa ka ho branching khafetsa myocytes lona setho le nyalano e ileng ea latela ka sebopeho e akaretsang ea makala. E mong phapang tswa striated mesifa ya marapo - ka hore lisele cardiac na nuclei, karolong ea eona e bohareng. Myofibrillar libakeng localized ka periphery ea.

Eo litho tsa liforomo?

All mesifa ya marapo ea 'mele - e striated mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse. Tafole bontšang diriswa tsa lisele tse 'meleng, ho bontšoa mona ka tlase.

Boleng bakeng sa phelang

Karolo e phethoang ke hore o etsa mesifa striated, ke ho le thata ho feteletsa. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, o nang le boikarabelo bakeng sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e khethollang bath ea limela le liphoofolo - le matla a ho nka e mokhatlo oa mafolofolo. Motho a ka etsa lintho tse ngata tsa mellwane ho fetisisa tsoetseng pele le e bonolo, 'me kaofela ha bona ba tla itšetleha ka mosebetsi oa mesifa ya marapo. Batho ba bangata ba kopanela ka ho phethahetseng ho koetlisa mesifa ea bona, ba etsang sena le leboha haholo katleho ho thepa tsa mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse.

Nahana ka se ileng mesebetsi tse ling li etsoa ke mesifa striated 'meleng le liphoofolo tsa batho.

1. Le boikarabelo ba ho fokotsa ho rarahaneng ea sefahleho, pontšo ea maikutlo, matšoao a maikutlo a rarahaneng.
2. Ho tšehetsa boemo ba 'mele ka ho sebaka.
3. O etsa ka mpeng tšireletso ea mosebetsi (by bohato phetha molao).
4. mesifa Cardiac fana ka khutsufatso morethetho oa pelo.
5. mesifa ea ya marapo ameha liketsong tsa metsa, theha lithapo lentsoe.
6. Fetola mokhatlo puo.

Kahoo, re ka fihlela qeto ea ho latelang: ho mesifa dinama tse nyenyane tse - likarolo bohlokoa mehaho ea 'mele ofe kapa liphoofolo, o mo fa bokhoni ba itseng e ikhethang. Properties le sebōpeho sa mefuta e fapaneng ya mesifa fana mesebetsi ea bohlokoa. Motheong sebōpeho sa myocyte efe kapa efe mesifa larileng - faeba thehoa ho tswa linaleli protheine ea actin le myosin.