Munich Agreement

ka ho toba, Munich Agreement E ka bitsa e mong oa tebileng ka ho fetisisa liphoso leano tsoang linaheng tse ling ba 1930s le. Ke tumellano mebuso, eo ho ile ha hlaha ka ka sekisetsa ka, e sisintsweng ke dinaheng European tsa Jeremane ea Bonazi, ho leka ho 'ne militancy lona, empa se ile sa etsa ho qhoma ha ntoa ea bobeli ea World.

Ka mor'a ho putlama le dia ba Austro-Sehungary Muso o Moholo, ho tloha ka 1918 ho 1938 Majeremane ba fetang limilione tse tharo tsa merabe li ne li le sebakeng sa puso e ncha ea Czechoslovakia, e moeling meeli e ba sebaka se ea histori ea Bohemia le 'Muso. Di concentrated ka Sudetenland. Ho latela Natalia Lebedeva, e leng rahistori oa tsa Serussia Academy of Sciences, 'me ba etsang liphesente tse mashome a mabeli tsa Czechoslovakia e Jeremane.

Sudeten Jeremane moeta-pele Konrad Henlein thehile Sudeten Jeremane oa mokha, e leng ile a sebeletsa e le lekala ea Manazi Party le sebetse feela ka lithahasello tsa Jeremane. Ke ka 1935, ke sa mokha bobeli kholo ka ho fetisisa lipolotiki Czechoslovakia. Nakoana ka mor'a hore Anschluss (kopanngoa le Jeremane) tsa Austria, la 28 March, 1938 Henlein ile a kopana le Hitler Berlin, moo a neng a laetsoe ho tsosa ditlhoko ho Czechoslovak Muso, e tsejoang e le lenaneo le Carlsbad. Har'a ditlhoko le - litokelo tse lekanang le Czechs le boikemelo bakeng sa Majeremane phelang ka Czechoslovakia. Ha 'Muso Czechoslovak ne a itokiselitse ho etsa phetoho ka ka lintho tse tebileng le ka tsela ea fokolang ka palo Jeremane, potso ea boikemelo ne e sa amoheleheng.

Ka sebele merero ea Hitler ka mor'a hore a hapa Austria bohato bo latelang e ne e le ho haptjoa ha Czechoslovakia le ho thehoa ha e Moholo Jeremane. Ka May 1938 e ile ea tsebahala e le mosebetsi oa Czechoslovakia e le hantle ke taba tsa Jeremane. E ka 20 Hitler balaoli ba hae ba nakoana porojeke e ne e ne e hlahisoa ho hlasela Czechoslovakia, codenamed Sebelisa "Grün". Ka taelo lekunutu saenelwa ke Hitler, matsatsi a seng makae hamorao, ho ne ho thoe, ho qala ntoa khahlanong le Czechoslovakia ha ho ka morao ho 1 October.

'Muso oa Czechoslovak ne ba tšepile hore Fora, le bao a neng a kena ka selekane sa, ba ne ba tla e pholosa ka ketsahalo tsa Jeremane tlhaselo. Soviet Union le bona ba ile lumellana le Czechoslovakia, e leng se bontšang hore ba ikemiselitse ho sebelisana 'moho le Fora le Great Britain. Leha ho le joalo, litšebeletso ba Soviet Union ba 'nile ba hlokomoloha ho pholletsa le bothata bona. Adolf Hitler o ne a utloisisa hore Brithani le Fora ba ne ba sa batle ntoa, empa ba ile ba ba a hlola a batla ho kopanya le Soviet Union, tsamaiso bohatelli ea eo linaheng tsena hloile esita le ho feta Hitler Bofasista bompoli.

Mohlomong ka hore sethaleng ka boeona, Czechoslovakia, e neng lebotho le matla e ne e tla khona ho thiba tlhaselo oa lebotho la Hitler. Soviet Union, ho ya ka tumellano ya 1935, o ile a saena lipakeng tsa linaha tse peli, e ka thusa ho Czechoslovakia feela ketsahalo eo jwalo mohato o ile a lumela ho Fora.

September 18 Setaliana Duce Benito Mussolini o ile a fana ka puo ka Trieste, moo a ne a re Italy tshehetsa bothata hona joale Jeremane.

Tona-khōlō ea British Neville Chamberlain, eo e neng e le motšehetsi ea leano la tla khutsisa e aggressor, o ne a ikemiselitse hore na, e le hore ho thibela ntoa. O ile a etsa maeto a tse peli tse Jeremane, ntle le ho buisana le baeta-pele ba Czechoslovak, Hitler o ile a ithaopela maemo a molemo, empa Fuehrer a 'na a phaella ka ho re ditlhoko, tsitlella hore seo ba Majeremane merabe ka Poland le Hungary e tla boela ho be le khora.

La 24 September, ho bua ka Sports Palace Berlin, Hitler ka puo ea hae o ile a fa Czechoslovakia pele September 28 ho lokela ho sielana ka ho Sudetenland, ho seng joalo Jeremane ba ile ba ea ntoeng.

Czechoslovakia ba ile ba qala ho thaotha batho mabotho a lona. Soviet Union e ile a re ho itokisa lona ho tla ho ka thuso ea Czechoslovakia. Leha ho le joalo, Mopresidente Benes ea Czechoslovakia Edvar ile a hana ho ea ntoeng ntle tšehetso ea matla Bophirimela.

Neville Chamberlain le French Tona-khōlō Eduard Delade ile a ea Munich ho arabela ditletlebong Hitler.

Benito Mussolini filwe Hitler le tsela ea ho rarolla bothata boo: ho tšoara seboka se buang ka le baeta-pele ba linaha tse 'nè (UK, Fora, Italy, Jeremane), ho sa kenyeletswe Czechoslovakia le Soviet Union, ho eketsa monyetla ho fihle lumellana le ho senya le bonngoe le hore ka' na ba 'nile ha e emelang Jeremane.

Kopano ea makhaola-khang, o tsejoa e le Conference Munich, e ile ea etsahala ka September 29-30 mohahong "Führerbau" (Ntlo ea Fuhrer). Ditshitshinyo ne molao ea kenyelletsoa ke Mussolini Leha ho le joalo, joalokaha ho ile ha fumanoa e le lilemo tse seng kae hamorao, leano Setaliana ne a lokisitsoeng ke ea Lefapha la Litaba Tsa Naha Esele ea Jeremane. Lebotho la Jeremane e ne e le ho lula le Sudetenland ke la 10 October, 'me Komisi ea International - ho etsa qeto ea bokamoso ba libakeng tse ling tse bakang khang. Ka ho tsieleha ho thibela ho qhoma ha ntoa le ho batla ho qoba selekane le Soviet Union, Neville Chamberlain le Édouard Daladier o ile a lumela hore Sudetenland lokelang ho tsamaea ka Jeremane. Ka khutla, Hitler o ile a tšepisa hore o ne a se a sa hloka libakeng leha e le Europe.

Qetellong, qeto eo e ile wa semmuso Jeremane, Brithani, Fora le Italy saenele Munich Agreement, tlas'a eo e ile thibeloa ha ho qhoma ntoa, empa ho fetile ka Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia Jeremane. 'Muso oa Czechoslovak o ile a tlameha ho e amohela. Nevill Chemberlen Eduardu Beneshu ile a bolela hore Brithani ba ne ba sa kenye ntoa tse bothata ba Sudetenland.

Daladier le Chamberlain khutlela hae, moo ba ileng ba ile a kopana le ka ho letšoele la batho cheering, imoloha hore tšokelo ea ntoa ho ne ho fetile. Chamberlain retelehela ho mantsoe a sechaba British, hore o ile a "o tlisitse khotso mehleng ea rōna." Empa mantsoe a hae a ne a hang-hang o ile a phephetsa ke ralipolotiki ba hlaheletseng Winston Churchill, ea ileng a re Neville entse khetho pakeng tsa ntoa le ho se hlomphehe, "O ile a khetha ho se hlomphehe, 'me ntoa bo tla tla." 'Muso oa British lahlehileng tšehetso ea' muso Czech le Czech Army, e mong oa molemo ka ho fetisisa Europe, o ile a bontša hore Winston Churchill le tse ling tse ralipolotiki ba hlahelletseng, Entoni Iden. -rahistori ba bangata baa lumela hore Munich tumellano, lemohuoa e le khang ka sehloohong ke ho qoba kgohlano sesole, hoo e batlang ahlotsoeng Europe ho ntoa e senyang.

Daladier lihlong bolotsana tumellano, empa Chamberlain o ile a thaba. Pele u tsamaea Munich, o ile a ba saennweng le Hitler tokomane tiisetsa hore UK le Jeremane tla batla ho rarolla mathata a ho hlokomela khotso nakong e tlang.

Letsatsi ka mor'a hore ho saena tsa pact thobang Jeremane hapa le Sudetenland. Leano e Chamberlain e se nyelisa ka selemong se tlang.

Hamorao ka dia ea Czechoslovakia e ile hape ba teng batho ba Poland le Hungary ne ditlaleo bona paballo ya naha. E kgaotswe le Agreement Munich, ka March 1939, Jeremane a hapa ba lule e le karolo ea Czechoslovakia. Naha khaotsa ho ba teng. Ka la 1 September, 1939 Jeremane hlasela Poland. Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e qala. Feela ebe Neville Chamberlain o ile a hlokomela hore Hitler o ne a ke ke a tšeptjoa.

Munich Agreement fetohile ho tsoana le ho ho ba lefeela ha appeasement ya leano expansionist ea linaha bohatelli, le hoja e le ka tsela e itseng o ile a thusa ho reka nako bakeng sa ho entseng selekane le ho eketsa ntoa bona ho itokisa.