Motheong oa lithotsela batho. masapo masapo

Man, ka lebaka la tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal, ka susumelletsa ha bonolo. Joalo mochine e ka 'na ea ba le etseng letho le mafolofolo. Karolo ea ho qetela - ke mesifa boima monna. Bakeng sa mekgwa etseng letho kenyeletsa masapo a batho ba amanang ka tsela e itseng.

Ke seo masapo a batho?

Skeleton ka puo ea Segerike e bolela omisitsoeng kapa omisitsoeng. Ke tsamaiso eohle kapa e rarahaneng la masapo a hore a etse palo e kholo tsa liketso, ho akarelletsa le locomotor, sireletsang, foromo-haha, joalo-joalo In kakaretso, masapo -. Motheo ea 'mele, o na le e ngata oa' ngoe-ea bosupa ho e 'ngoe-ea bohlano ea boima ba' mele kakaretso ea motho eo. Ho na le masapo a fetang 200, e leng e ka di behuwe ka bobedi le unpaired. Ea bobeli kenyeletsa sternum, vertebrae, coccyx, sacrum, sternum, tse ling tsa masapo a cranium ena.

mosebetsi ya marapo

masapo batho Houses sa litho tse ka hare, e leng a sireletsa ho tloha lintlha Link e mpe ea bolaoli. Lehata sireletsa boko, le kanale lesapo la mokokotlo - lesapo la mokokotlo, thoracic masapo sireletsa pelo, matšoafo, methapo ea moholo, metso, 'me tse ling, hip botlaaseng masapo e ntse e tsoela makala mosese .. O o etsa mesebetsi e meng, ho etsa mohlala, ho akarelletsa metabolism, e le hore e ile a lula ka boemo ba itseng, diminerale hlophisoa mali. Hape, ba bang ba dintho tse masapong, e se eka hape kena dithulaganyo tshilong ya dijo ea phelang ea batho.

Ho lesapo khomaretse ligaments, mesifa, tendons - metsoako ea "masapo bonolo", hobane ba hape le seabo sa ho sireletsa le ho tshegetsa le go tlotla le litho tse ka hare. karolo efe kapa efe ea 'mele ka fetola boemo ba bona mabapi le mong ho e mong, ka tsela eo ho fallela re ka sebaka. Ke liketso tsena tsoele masapo a masapo le - hobane ba mofuta oa levers actuated ke motsamao oa mesifa.

Sebopeho sa masapo

Ba fapana ka sebopeho le ho phetha mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng. Ho na le masapo a nako e telele ea masapo, e leng e ka ba nako e telele (humerus) le lekgutshwanyane (leqheka).

Long masapo bopilwe:

1. 'Mele - o molelele o karolo bohareng.
2. Thatafetseng lipheletsong - epiphysis.

Karolo e bohareng ea lesapo ke sekoti ka hare. Wide le a bataletseng likarolo theha leboteng bakeng sa sebaka moo litho tse ka hare, tse kang masapo lehata, masapo pelvic, sternum. Bolelele le bophara haholo ho rena holim'a botenya bona. Nahana ka tse fapa-fapaneng masapo foromo thuso setšoantšo: Skeleton e feletse kapa e mefuta e itseng ea masapo. Mefuta e tsoakiloeng ba le sebopeho ena e rarahaneng 'me hangata bopilwe likarolo tse' maloa ka sebopeho fapaneng le sebopeho, ho etsa mohlala le vertebrae.

sebopeho lesapo

Motheong oa 'mele ea rōna e lokela ho ba matla haholo, hobane masapo - ke tšehetso, e leng e na le ho mamella lintho tse ngata haholo ea boima ba, e leng karolelano ea lik'hilograma 60-75. Eohle ea batho masapo masapo na le rarahaneng lik'hemik'hale. Tsena li akarelletsa likarolo manyolo le inorganic. Sena ke haholo-holo phosphorous le matsoai k'halsiamo (ka bang 70%), ho etsa matla le ho feta masapo. Lisele tse ka 30% bopilwe manyolo e thehiloeng elasticity feti 'mele le ho tiea. Ha e kopana le lintho tse tsena etsa hore lesapo dinama tse nyenyane tse matla le ho feta, 'me ena ke ntlha ea bohlokoa haholo, ho tloha e le setsi sa masapo le lokela ho rua thepa e joalo.

Ka bana ba le masapo a batho ba mocha ke ho feta rekere le tenyetsehang, ka lebaka la ho dikahare tse phahameng tsa lintho tse phelang. Batho ba baholo, kahoo ba ile ba ba ho feta brittle 'me ka hona ho feta senyeha habonolo. Mofuta o ka sehloohong oa dinama tse nyenyane tse connective - sena dinama tse nyenyane tse lesapo entsoeng ka lisele le intercellular ntho. Lipoleiti tse kenngoa ka mong ho e mong, ka sebopeho joalo, e le matla a phahameng le ho nako e le nngwe lightness.

Bone hape le bopilwe ka le letšo-letšo, spongy ntho. The karo-karolelano e itšetlehile ka lefelo le mosebetsi. taba teteaneng haholo-holo ntshetswa pele ka masapo a ka le likarolo tsa bona, tseo tšehetso botlaaseng le motsamao oa masapo batho (mohlala, masapo e telele ka 'na ba).

lintho tse bonahalang Spongy bopilwe ka plurality ea lipoleiti tse lokisetsa ka tataiso ea ho imeloa kelellong ka ho fetisisa. Masapong khutšoanyane 'me a bataletseng, hammoho le ka ea lipheletsong (epiphysis) telele pakeng tsa lipoleiti ke moko khubelu, e leng lisele tsa mali tse thehoa. The cavities la masapo a nako e telele ea motho e moholo e tletseng lisele tse mafura. Ba ne ba boetse ba bitsoa bosehla lesapo moko. Karolo e ka ntle ea matsoho tšehetso koahetsoe ke le mosesaane o tlohang khetla - periosteum.

kgolo ya bone bone

Masapo a masapo batho fokotsa lebelo 'me ka potlako ka ho feletseng khaotsa ho kgolo ya lona. Ho basali ba, ho etsahala'ng ka lilemo tse 20, banna ba - ka masapo a 25 e hōle ka bophara ka lebaka la karohano ea lera ka hare ea lisele periosteum. Ha ba ntse ba hōla ka bolelele. eketseha boholo ba tsona ka lebaka la ho lefufuru, tse teng pakeng tsa masapo a 'mele' me lipheletsong tsa lona.

E le masapo a amanang mong ho e mong?

masapo 'ohle a batho masapo kozalana. Khetholla e tsoelang pele (e tsitsitseng le seka-fallisetseng) le mabapi discontinuous. Ka tabeng ea pele, ha lehata le noka masapo a khomaretse e mong le tse ling. E ne e le ntho mabapi tsitsitseng. Pakeng tsa masapo ke lera tšesaane ea dinama tse nyenyane tse connective, kapa lefufuru. Tse ling tsa metsoako le, ka mohlala, lehata bitsoa seams matsutla. A kutlwisiso nepahetseng ho feta ka moo masapo a khomaretse e mong le tse ling tse, thusa litšoantšo. Skeleton, masapo a masapo le, lehata - mekhoa tsohle mabapi e hlaka haholo ho bontšitsoe lipalo tsena ka sehlooho se reng.

Seka-fallela komponeng khomaretse masapo e mong le tse ling tsa lesapo la mokokotlo, liqholo le tibia. A tse nyenyane dilenaneo mosebetsi oa metsoako tsena phatlalatsa cartilaginous semiring. Ba theha motheong oa masapo ho lesapo la mokokotlo, lehata, kutu, e ka holimo ka tlaase le e lipheletsong, empa ba susumelletsa hanyane hamorao.

Mobile mabapi la masapo a - e manonyeletso. Ke ile ka utloa ho bona e mong le e. Ka mohlala, e kopanetsoeng pakeng tsa femur le noka ho mokgwa wa golonka. Ka hona ho lebitso la bona. foromo ena lumella kopanetsoeng ho susumelletsa lesapo le morao, ho etsa ho fallela ho tloha lehlakoreng le ka lehlakoreng, 'me potoloha ho pota selekane lona.

Manonyeletso boetse ho na le elliptical, saddle, trochlear le sebopeho bataletse. Ka mefuta e meng ea tshisinyo khoneha feela hammoho selekane mong (uniaxial manonyeletso), ho batho ba bang - ho pota lilepe 2 (biaxial) jj E kopanetsweng o bitsoa "e bonolo" ha e thehoa ka masapo a mabeli, 'me "e rarahaneng" - haeba tharo kapa ho feta.

The mabapi ya marapo dinama tse nyenyane tse

masapo e entsoe ka masapo a ka le lefufuru. Ba, le eena, a thehoa ho tswa lisele le letšo-letšo intercellular ntho. Ka palo yohle lesapo le lefufuru sebopeho, hlahang ho yona le mosebetsi. Pele ntshetswa pele nakong e fetileng, tse kang masapo ea botlaaseng lehata, lesapo la mokokotlo, maoto le matsoho ka tlaase, joalo-joalo Tse ling tsa masapo hlahisa ntle lefufuru -. Ho clavicle, mandible, 'me ba bang.

Ka batho, e leng khubu 'me ba bang vertebrates cartilaginous masapo e ka bang 50% ea boima ba' mele palo yohle mele. Empa butle-butle o nkeloa sebaka ke lesapo, le motho e moholo jwalo boima ke feela ka 2% ea boima ba 'mele palo yohle mele. Cartilages ea nko le litsebe, bronchi le likhopo, discs intervertebral, articular lefufuru, tracheal lefufuru halofo lesale theha motheong oa masapo, hobane ba se na tsona ho ke ke ha khoneha ho tlatsa tšebetso ea 'mele oohle oa batho ka kakaretso.

Lefufuru phetha mesebetsi e latelang:

1. Koahela holim 'a masapo a tlohang, ea etsang hore ba manganga ho feta ho apara.
2. Tsoele cushioning le tshisinyo phetiso compression le manonyello katoloso le discs intervertebral.
3. Etsa Lufthansa 'me litsebe tsa ka ntle.
4. Di tlamella tendons, mesifa le ligaments.

axial masapo

masapo kaofela ba arotsoe ka axial le eketsehileng masapo. Pele e na le:

1. Lehata - lesapo la hlooho ea batho, e Houses boko, makala a ho utloa, ho bona, ho fofonela. Lehata le na le lefapha la sefahleho le boko.
2. Morpheme - letsoele lesapo makalana entsoeng ka leshome le metso e thoracic vertebrae lipara 12 of likhopo le sternum.
3. The vertebral lenaneng la, kapa lesapo la mokokotlo - motheong oa masapo ho. Hape, e bitsoa e ka sehloohong ea 'mele oohle oa batho. lesapo la mokokotlo khoele larileng ka ka hare ho lenaneng la vertebral.

masapo katoloso

masapo mahareng e na le likarolo tse peli:

1. Mabanta ka holimo maoto le matsoho, e leng lumella hore re inehele tsa likarolo tse ka holimo ea tšehetso, e leng ka moralo ya marapo. libaka ena e na le lehare le collarbone. maoto le matsoho ka holimo li na le likarolo tse 3: mahetla, forearm le letsoho.
2. Mabanta ea lipheletsong tse tlaase, eo e fana ka mabapi le axial masapo, 'me hape o sebeletsa e le tšehetso le receptacle ea mosese, tshilong ya dijo le tsamaiso ea ho hlahisa bana. Ho Ho thehoa ho tswa ho pelvic, ischium, pubis. Lower leoto na le liqholo, femoral, patella, tibia, 'me maoto a mang.

Sehlooho sena se e khutšoanyane haholo, empa bo nang le morero ka ho fetisisa ho hlalosa sebopeho tsa masapo a batho. Ena ke potso e thata haholo ho tseba ka ho feletseng, o lokela ho ithuta lingoliloeng la bongaka.