Mokgatlo tsa sechaba: lipontšo. Mehlala ya ditheo tsa sechaba

E mong oa mabaka a hore khethollang sechaba ka kakaretso - sete ya ditheo tsa sechaba. sebaka bona joaloka holim'a metsi, e leng ho etsang hore e haholo-holo loketse Sepheo bakeng lemohileng le taolo.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e rarahaneng hlophisitse tsamaiso e khopo le melao ea eona le melao ea tsamaiso le ho na le ke mokgatlo wa tsa sechaba. Matšoao ho eona e fapaneng, empa ba classified, 'me hore ba tšohloa sehloohong sena.

Khopolo ea setheo oa boithabiso

setheo Social - ke e nngwe ya mefuta e meng ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ea mesebetsi ea sechaba. Ka lekhetlo la pele lentsoe lena e ne e sebelisetsoa ke G. Spencer. Ho latela rasaense ba, ho se tšoane ya ditheo tsa sechaba baka ho thoeng ke wa setjhaba. Karolo e ka sebopeho, o itse Spencer, o ile a le tlas'a tšusumetso ea khethollo ea sechaba. setjhabeng All o arotsoe ka diinstitusene tsa tse tharo tse khōlō, ho akarelletsa le:

• ikatisa;
• kabo;
• laoloang.

Maikutlo E. Durkheim

E. Durkheim ne a kholisehile hore monna joalokaha motho a ka hlokomela ka boeona feela ke ditheo tsa sechaba. Ba li etselitsoe ho theha le boikarabelo ba pakeng tsa liforomo ka hara-setheo le litlhoko tsa sechaba.

Karl Marx

Mongoli oa tummeng "Motse-moholo" lekanyetswa go ya ka ya dihlongwa ea sechaba ka ho ya ka likamano tsa liindasteri. Ka lebaka la hae, e leng mokhatlo ea sechaba, 'me ho na le matšoao hore karohano oa mosebetsi o boima,' me thepa ea poraefete tsa ketsahalo e, ho thehoa tlas'a tšusumetso ea bona.

terminologicos

Poleloana e reng "mokgatlo ea sechaba" le tsoa lentsoe Latin "setheo", e bolelang "mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa" kapa "e le hore." Ke tlhaloso ena, ka molao-motheo, fokotsa litšobotsi tsohle tsa setheo ea ho etsa metsoalle.

tlhaloso e akarelletsa le ponahalo le sebōpeho sa fastening mosebetsi khethehileng. Morero oa ya ditheo tsa sechaba - ho etsa bonnete ba botsitso ba sebetsa oa ho buisana ka hare ho sechaba.

E Amohelehang ka e khutsoanyane tlhaloso: hlophisitse le hokahanngoa foromo ea likamano tsa sechaba, targeted ho finyella litlhoko tse ama sechaba.

Ho bonolo ho bona hore kaofela ha litlhaloso tse lokiselitsoeng (ho akarelletsa le maikutlo a sa bo-rasaense ba boletsoeng ka holimo) li thehiloe "litšiea tse tharo":

• setjhabeng;
• mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa;
• hloka.

Empa sena ha se litšobotsi feletseng tsa setheo ea ho etsa metsoalle, ho ena le lintlha tse sa referense eo e lokela ho nahana ka tsona.

maemo institutionalization

Tshebetso ya ho institutionalization - e ho ba setheo ea sechaba. E hlaha ka tlas'a maemo a latelang:

• hlokahale ea sechaba e le ntlha e ka hore o tla kopana le Institute nakong e tlang;
• likamano tsa sechaba, ke hore, ho sebelisana ha batho ba le baahi, ka lebaka la tseo a thehoa ke ditheo tsa sechaba;
• morero tsamaiso ea melao ea boitšoaro le litaelo;
• lintho tse bonahalang le tsa tlhophiso, ba batho le chelete hlokahala.

mekhahlelo ea institutionalization

Tsela ea ho ba setheo ea sechaba fetisa bang mekhahlelo:

• ho hlaha le elelloa litlhoko tsa ba Institute;
• elaboration la melao ea boitšoaro ea sechaba mmeedi tsa nakong e tlang oa Mokhatlo;
• ho ne ho bōptjoa Tšoantšetso lona, ke hore mokhoa oa lipontšo tseo e tla supa ho bopa mokgatlo tsa sechaba;
• sebopeho, ntshetsopele le tlhaloso ea phetha karolo le boemo ba tsamaiso e khopo;
• bōptjoa ha tokisetso ea motheo tse bonahalang;
• Institute of ikopanya ka tsamaiso ea sechaba teng.

makgetheng mehaho ya mokgatlo wa setjhaba

Lipontšo tsa khopolo ea "mokgatlo ea sechaba" khethollang e sechabeng kajeno.

makgetheng mehaho e kenyeletsa:

• Boholo ba mesebetsi, hammoho le likamano tsa sechaba.
• Institutions hore li na le matla a itseng e le hore ba hlophise mosebetsi oa batho, hammoho le ho phetha mefuta e fapaneng ya mesebetsi le mesebetsi. Mohlala: sechaba, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le ho phetha tlhokomelo le taolo mesebetsi.
• Tseo melao e itseng le melao ea tsamaiso eo li etselitsoe ho laola boitšoaro ba batho ka setheo itseng ea sechaba.
• Boitsebiso bo bolela ho fihlela maikemisetso a Institute.
• Itshola, lipakane le maikemisetso.

Mefuta ya ditheo tsa sechaba

The tlhophiso, eo hlophisa diinstitusene tsa ea sechaba (sheba tafole ka tlase), arola khopolo ena ka mefuta e mene tse arohaneng. Ho e mong le e ba bona ba khale bonyane tse 'nè tsa setheo itseng.

ke ditheo tsa sechaba seo? Tafole bontša mefuta bona le mehlala.

Ea moea diinstitusene tsa phedisano le ho ba bang ba mehloli e bitswang diinstitusene tsa setso, le boemong ba lelapa, le eena, a ka linako tse ling ho thoeng ke stratification le kamano.

matšoao a tloaelehileng la mokgatlo ea ho etsa metsoalle

Kakaretso, 'me ka nako e tšoanang le matšoao tsa motheo tsa setheo oa boithabiso ke tsena:

• le mefuta e fapaneng ya bafo tse ka tsela e tloaelehileng ea khoebo kena likamano;
• tsitsitseng mofuta likamano tsena;
• hlalosoa (e bolelang, ka tsela e 'ngoe kapa e mong wa semmuso) mokgatlo;
• Litloaelo boitšoaro le litaelo;
• makgetheng hore fana ka ikopanya le Institute ea ka tsamaiso ea sechaba.

E lokela ho utloisisa hore lintho tsena ke bo sa reroang, empa ka tsela e utloahalang ho tswa ho tlhaloso le tshebetsong ya ditheo tse sa tšoaneng sechabeng. Ka thuso ea bona, har'a lintho tse ling, e le e bonolo ea ho hlahloba institutionalization.

Social matšoao yunivesithi le mehlala e itseng

E mong le e setheo itseng ea sechaba o litšobotsi tse ba lona - mekhoa. Di amana haufi-ufi ho phetha karolo, ka mohlala: karolo e khōlō ea lelapa e le mokgatlo ea ho etsa metsoalle. Ke hobane'ng ha ho ke ea bohlokoa ho nahana ka mehlala e le litšobotsi tse tsamaisanang le likarolo.

Lelapa e setheo oa boithabiso

A mohlala khale tsa setheo oa boithabiso - ke, ya e le hantle, lelapa. Ka bone ka tafole ka holimo, ho ke ea mofuta oa bone ya ditheo koahetse lebitso tšoanang ka ho pharalla le. Ka lebaka leo, ho ke motheo le pakane phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa lenyalo, ntate le bomme. Ho phaella moo, lelapa e tšoanang, 'me kopanya le tsona.

Lipontšo tsa setheo ena ea sechaba:

• ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo mabapi kapa kamano;
• kakaretso moralo oa tšebeliso ea lelapa;
• lula 'moho ka sebaka sa bolulo sa' ngoe.

Karolo e khōlō ea lelapa e le setheo oa boithabiso ba fokotswa ho tsebahalang a bolela hore o - "seleng ea sechabeng". Ha e le hantle, kaofela ke hantle. Malapa a - likaroloana tseo le bopilwe ka plurality sechabeng. Ntle le hore ke mokgatlo wa tsa sechaba, lelapa o boetse o bitsoa e nyenyane sehlopha ea sechaba. Ke ho makatse, hobane le tsoalo ea motho e develops tlas'a tšusumetso ea oona le ba e bakeng sa hao ho pholletsa le bophelo.

Thuto e setheo oa boithabiso

Thuto ke subsystem ea sechaba. E na le sebopeho itseng le litšobotsi.

Basic sebopeho sa thepa ea motheo:

• mekhatlo ea sechaba le baahi ea sechaba (diinstitusene tsa thuto le karohano ka lihlopha matichere le liithuti, joalo-joalo ...);
• mesebetsi phedisano le-setso ka mokgwa wa tshebetso thuto.

Lipontšo tsa setheo ea ho etsa metsoalle e kenyeletsa:

1. Melao le Melawana - ka Institute of Education ka ho nkoa e le mehlala: takatso ea ho tsebo, ho ba teng, ho hlompha matichere le liithuti-'moho le / liithuti-'moho.
2. Tšoantšetso ea hore ke setso litšobotsi - lipina le liaparo tsa matsoho a ya ditheo thuto, letšoao la bang litšoantšetso tummeng koleche liphoofolo.
3. Utilitarian litšobotsi setso, tse kang litlelase le kabinenty.
4. Itshola - molao-motheo oa ho lekana har'a baithuti ba, ho hlomphana, bolokolohi ba ho bua le ho le tokelo ya ho vouta le ho le tokelo ya ho maikutlo a bona.

Matšoao ya ditheo tsa sechaba: mehlala

Ho akaretsa boitsebiso bo leng mona. Lipontšo tsa setheo ea ho etsa metsoalle e kenyeletsa:

• sete ya likarolo tsa sechaba (joalo ka ntate oa / 'mè / morali / ausi oa tokisetso ea lelapa le);
• boitšoaro bo tsitsitseng ea mohlala (mohlala, ea mohlala e itseng ho tichere 'me seithuti theha thuto);
• litekanyetso tsa hae (ka mohlala, dikhoutu le Molao oa Motheo oa Naha);
• disymbol (mohlala, nahana ka tokisetso ea lenyalo kapa mokhatlo oa bolumeli);
• makgabane mantlha (khr, boitšoarong).

mokgatlo ea sechaba, lipontšo tsa tsona li neng li tšohloa sehloohong sena se reretsoe ho tataisa boitšoaro ba motho ka mong, feela ho ba karolo ea bophelo ba hae. Ka nako e tšoanang, ho etsa mohlala, e strasheklassnikov tloaelehileng bolela bonyane tse tharo tsa sechaba diinstitusene tsa: lelapa, sekolong le naha. Hoa thahasellisa hore, ho itšetlehile ka e mong le e mong, o ile a nang le karolo (boemo), e leng o na le le ho ea ka tseo a khethang ho ea mohlala ba hae boitšoaro. O ile a, le eena, a etsang qeto ea hore na karabelo e lona sechabeng.