Metsi ho hloekisa le metsi ka mor'a ho hloekisa. Papiso ea metsi a nooang pele le ka mor'a tlhoekiso

Maele a boholo-holo o re: Re - seo re ja le ho noa. Ke bophelo. Ho na le ke ke ba pheha khang ea, hobane 'mele ea rōna e ka bang mashome a supileng a metso e mehlano ba etsang liphesente tse - ke metsi. Kantle ho metsi motho a ka phela ho na ho feta beke, 'me lehoatateng shoa ho tloha dehydration ka hare ho lihora tse peli. Le boleng ba a nooang tsa tlhaho ama boemo ba 'mele oa motho. Le tsela eo re phelang bo itšetlehile ka lintho tse ngata, empa ka pele-pele ka hore na metsi a re a noe le ho moo re lokisa lijo tsa bona.

Taba ea boleng ba bophelo

Ipapisa le tsa metsi a nooang pele le ka mor'a kalafo ka tsamaiso ea phepelo ea metsi ka litsupa tse ngata ha li khothatsa, 'me ka linako tse ling a tšohile. 'Me sena ke haholo-holo itšetlehile ka boleng ba metsi a eona sebakeng se itseng le tikoloho kantle. . Seo se hlokahala and analysis tikoloho ea libakeng: haufi hakae ke mohloli oa metse e meholo liindasteri. Bakeng sa mehloli e tlase ho lefatshe araba ho botsa potso ka boleng ba metsi a fana ka e sekaseka, le kalafo ya metsi ho tswa ho hantle. Tsela ea ho metsi hloekisa, ke hore mokhoa oa ho hloekisa e atlehang ka ho fetisisa sebakeng se itseng, bolella tshekatsheka skeletal ea ka ba hantle hore kalafo ya.

Litlaleho tsa mekhatlo e mengata ea machaba hore sebetsana le boleng metsi, ke litšoantšo tse tšabehang. linaheng tse fetang mashome a robeli lefatšeng ka bophara ba nang le mathata a amanang le khaello lona. 'Me halofo ea linaha tsena tse ka kakaretso ka lintšing tsa maqakabetsi a metsi. Ho na le taba ka palo, re sa re letho ka boleng ba metsi. Metsi - the solvent bokahohleng. Ka hona, le siiloe ke nako, thekenoloji metsi ho lokisetsa le morago ga moo e tlhoekiso ea liindasteri litšila dimela kalafo metsi ha felisa bothata ba ho ba le metsi a le kotsi le ho kotsi e ngata ea matsoai (tšepe, a mankanese a, koporo, mercury, aluminium, joalo-joalo) 'Me dintho manyolo (ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates,' me ba bang. ). Virological, bacteriological liteko linaheng tse ngata li bontša hore bana ba meedi ditlwaelo ba hlomphuoa libakeng tsohle. Hloka ho hloekisa eketsehileng lapeng, ke hore,. A. Ho na le tšokelo ea mafu a bakoang ke livaerase, libaktheria, protozoa, le microorganisms tse ling. Tsela maleewana tsa disinfection, chlorination, haeba tšoaroa khahlanong le melao e isa hore thehoa lumellane le bophelo carcinogenic palo ya metsoako chloride le ka metsing. Eketsa mona mathata a tikoloho le mathata a ho senyeha ea litsamaiso phepelo ea metsi oa metse khale liindasteri, 'me e ba e hlakileng kamoo e potlakileng bothata. Metsi ho hloekisa le metsi hase kamehla hloekileng ka mor'a hoo e fapaneng ka ho boleng.

Industrial tlhoekiso tekanyo e

Natural metsi ho tloha nōkeng (motse kamehla emisoa haufi le 'mele ea tlhaho ea metsi) kena metsi lesoba. Ho bohlokwa haholo sebakeng sa eona, terata e phethahatsoa nyolosa mehaho tsohle bolulo le likhoebo motseng, ka seo ho thoeng ke libaka bohloeki. Ka mor'a hore metsi a ho noa kena sedimentation ditanka, moo selelekela tlhoekiso mohato qala. Ho itšetlehile ka boleng ba metsi le ho tlhoekiso ea metsi 'me ka mor'a tlhoekiso, e sebelisoa ka sump kapa ha reagents loketseng. Bakeng sa hore ho atolosoe (coagulation) ya likaroloana emisitswe metsi hlahiswa ka tšepe kapa aluminium letsoai. From lamellar hammoho ho tlosa litšila tse kotsi filtara seteishene sebelisa letlooeng filtara e hlatsoa, entseng ho tloha tse bonahalang metsi-ho se nke lehlakore kapa celik. Ka mor'a moo, molemo karaoke set bakeng sa metsi a nooang e phethahatsoa ho sebedisa filter khatriche eo sefi likaroloana tsa 5 microns. Metsi ka mor'a hore ho hloekisa filtara ho ya ho laola satalla, tšepe dikahare tsa tlhoekiso eketsehileng.

Special sethaleng ho hloekisa - disinfection

Ho noa metsi a tsoang pompo ea ka e le motse o moholo indasteri, le hoja e khotsofatsang, empa a sa ntse ba bangata ba bona ho latsoa. Empa ho hloleha ho dumellana le melao-motheo ea bohloeki - taba e itseng bakeng sa makhotleng. Ka likhoebo tse khōlō boemo ba qomatsi, empa e tlameha hang-hang tsebisa mosebedisi. Ho phaella moo, ba bang ba metsi a ka mor'a ho hloekisa industrially hlahiswa fihla moreki, a ntse a itšetlehile haholo ka boleng ba liphaephe ka tsamaiso ea motse, matlo a rōna le lifolete. Ka lebaka leo, sebaka khethehileng ka potoloho ea tlhoekiso nka qetela sethaleng decontamination. The atileng ka ho fetisisa le maleewana mokhoa oa disinfection e chlorination. Empa ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha lenane la ka dintho chloride-e nang, mokhoa ona ha a ntlafatsa boleng ba metsi a ka le sehokelo ho. Ipapisa le tsa metsi a nooang pele le ka mor'a tlhoekiso chlorination ka linako tse ling ho hlahisa potso ea kamoo ho ka etsa sena ka ho metsi a nooang disinfected.

ozonation disinfection

Mora disinfection le chloride le ka metsi a bonahatse organochlorine metsoako eo u se ke ua lahleheloa ke toxicity bona esita le ka mor'a ho lokisa ea pompo ea metsi ka lapeng. Ho na le mathata a ho hloka lik'hemik'hale chloride. mathata ana amohuoa mokhoa oa disinfection ka dimela kalafo sebelisa tsamaiso ea ozone kalafo. Maemong a mangata, ho ozonation e sebediswa ka ho ba sethaleng sa ho lokisetsa ho hloekisa. Mokhoa ona ke atlehang haholoanyane le sireletsehileng. Ozone lintho tse ngata ka ho lekaneng ka hlahiswa ka ho toba sebakeng seo ho sona ho sebelisoa. Ozonation ka sebelisoa hammoho le oxidants a mang, chloride, hammoho le ka ultrasound maemong kalafo le mahlaseli ts'ebetso ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lijo. A phello e ntle ka libaktheria loana fana la ozone le mahloriso ea 0,4 di ml ka ho ya ka litha e le nngwe ya metsotso tse 'nè feela. The ozonization ea metsi a nooang ka mora kalafo E na extraneous tatso ea litšila le menko e tsoang linaheng tse ling. metsi a nooang e hlakile ntle sekisetse thepa ba bona ba tlhaho. Feteletseng ozone e fetoloa oksijene, ntle impairing palatability metsi. lebaka la hore ho ozone decontamination mokhoa e sebelisoa ka tlase ho chlorination ke ho ka etsahala hore thepa e fosahetseng ea ea metsi ozone tharollo ebe o ile a ithuta ka ho qaqileng e le tlhoekiso ea metsi le ho tlhoekiso ea metsi ka mor'a ama 'mele oa motho.

Mefuta e meng mekgwa ya ho disinfection

Tseo mokhoa oa disinfection khetha ho e laolwang ke nahane ka theko, tshebetso le, ya e le hantle, le palo e hlokahalang ea metsi a nwehang. Mohlomong mokhoa khale ke tšusumetso ea limolek'hule metsi ke ions ea hlomphehang tšepe (silevera). Ho e utloisisa hore mokhoa ona o ke ke sebediswa o pharalletse liindasteri. Esita le ho feta ka seoelo, ka lebaka la ho se sireletsehe mokhoa o sterilization ke mahlaseli. Empa bakeng sa ho noa kalafo metsi hlongoa mahlaseli mahlaseli a ka ho eketsehileng a ntse a sebelisitsoe ka malapeng dimela kalafo metsi a likhoerekhoere.

Feteletseng tšepe metsi

A 'maloa a libakeng tse qotsitsoeng ho tsa metsi a nooang, ho tloha mehloli sekhukhu kapa holim' a metsi a ka mor'a hloekisa filthara ka nako e itseng ho ntse ho hlaka, empa ka nako eo fellang mosehla. Ena ke pontšo e sa pele sa e feteletseng le ea tšepe ka eona. Ho feta moo, metsi a joalo e na le e itseng glandular tatso. Hlokomoloha bothata bona ke le kotsi ho bophelo bo botle ba batho le maemo a bophelo, 't. Ho. Metsi Sena se etsa hore ya ho senyeha ya disebediswa ba ntlo ea hore sebelisa mokelikeli tshwanang.

mekhoa bokahohleng la tlhoekiso tloha tšepe teng. Metsi ntšitsoeng mehloli tsa lefatše sebediswa reagent mokhoa sebelisa chlorine tšoanang kapa ozone, bonyane - permanganate potassium kapa hydroxide sodium. A metsi a ntšitsoeng mehloli sekhukhu, mekhoa loketse ho sebelisa reagents le reagentless aeration joalo. Aeration - ke e matla ente moea bakeng sa oxygenation. Lapeng, mokhoa le e sebediswa ka ho feteletseng ea metsi matha ka filter tšepe ka thepa e khethehileng ho tlosa oxidized le qhibiliha tšepe. Bad tatso ea metsi a ka mor'a hore ho itlhoekisa metsi filtara disappears hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng.

metsi ka thata

Phomotse kae-kae, o utloa: metsi se bonolo - sesepa ha hlatsoa theoha. Empa ho na le sekotlolo sa bothata eketsehileng tenyetsehe. Lekane ho hopola baetsi silafalitsoeng scum le tee tasteless kapa kofi ka metsi, 'me ho hlakile hore e degrades boleng ba bophelo ba motho. E feteletseng ea letsoai metsi-qhibilihang ka har'a oa ho etsa metsi thata. Sena se tenyetsehe nakoana e felisitsoe ka ho a phehile. Empa matla acid e letsoai, sulfates le chloride ho theha e tenyetsehe eo ha a fetohe nakong e belang e. Ho kamehla. Maemong a joalo, ho reagent sebelisoa kapa tlhoekiso mekhoa tse theko e phahameng ho feta - leqhoa, distillation, electrodialysis. Tikolohong e ruuoang ho hloekisa filter sebelisoa ka thata tlase ho lefatshe ha hahoa ka osmosis khutlisetsang. Metsi ho hloekisa le metsi ka mor'a ho hloekisa khutlisetsang osmosis ka and analysis sa hlahisa litholoana tse tsotehang.

khutlisetsang osmosis

Etsolla osmosis - e tebileng, ho fihlela ho liphesente tse mashome a robong a metso e mehlano ba hloekisa. Karohano ya dintho tsohle tse metsi e khannoa ka ho sebelisoa ha lera la semipermeable. Lera entsoe ka thepa e tsoetseng pele porous. Ho na le polyamide, selulose ea acetate le ba bang. The pores tsa lera la ho ba le boholo ba sekete le 'ngoe feela tsa micron leo ka lona feta feela limolek'hule metsi. litšila tsohle, ho akarelletsa le libaktheria, li beha ka lera la. Haeba ho na le potso mabapi le kamoo ho ka pompo ea metsi a hloekileng, e le boleng, e ka tšeptjoang, le botsoalle tikoloho tsela ho ntlafatsa thepa ea tlhaho ea metsi ka mor'a ho hloekisa.

K'habone-filter. Matlafatso ea metsi le liminerale

Filter e sebetsang tabeng ea ho sebelisa e thepa sorbing tsa butswe k'habone le sebelisitsoe ka mekhahlelo ea ho qetela ea mora e mpe ha e ke ho hlokahala hore ho felisa e seng oa bohlokoa ho kheloha ka 'mala, monko kapa tatso. Bakeng sa merero ea tsena sa liminerale tsa tlhaho sebediswa: Mountain quartz, ka silicon, shungite. Ntlafatsa le liminerale tsena bakeng sa tatso metsi a joaloka seliba.

New thekenoloji kalafo metsi

ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa morao tjena ka tshebediso ya nanotechnology ha noa metsi a tlhoekiso ka lihlahisoa diphetho tsotehang. Lithuto tsa thepa tsa microparticles silica tlotsitsoeng nanometric lera la hydrocarbon dintho, o ile a bontša matla a bona a ho hohela (electrostatic khahloa) ho ka boeona likokoana-hloko le limolek'hule tsa likokoana-hloko. Feela nanoparticles behoa ka metsing silafetseng, 'me joale tlosa sephetho nanopowder karaoke set.

Linaheng tse ngata, hona joale ho sebetsa ka ho bōptjoa ha disebediswsa nanofiltration. Loketse hlaha tlhoekiso catalytic le mekhoa motlakase ya. Kamehla ntlafala dithulaganyo lik'hemik'hale tsa hloekisa ka phahameng ka ho athomo.