Makotomane le hantle legumes

Makotomane - ka herbaceous selemo le selemo dimela tsa e sephara linaoa. Hangata, ho e ntse e hōla ho ba bolelele ba cm, 25-40. The siea parnoperistoslozhnye hae hanyenyane grooved mohele. Lipalesa ka tse seng kae-flowered lekgutshwanyane borashe. Hlano o kopanyang, whitish kapa mosehla, kobehileng, senoelo bilabiate. likarolo lipalesa mora peō shoela'ng le peduncle le ovary qala ho hōla ka mafolofolo ho retelehela fatše tebileng mobung le moo ditholwana hlahisa tswa ovary kokonoobraznoy foromo. Linaoa maphelong a bona li koahetsoeng ka le letšo-letšo letlooeng pericarp le palo e sa tšoaneng ea peo: 1 - 2 peo (5) ka ho interceptions le 'ngoe kapa tse peli. Ka tloaelo ho dipeo ba oblong, linama, ho tloha ka boholo ho tloha 9 ho ea ho 20 limilimithara, le bo bofubelu-sootho khetla. Lipalesa lialmonde fatše ka June - July le litholoana butsoe ka potlako haholo - ka September - October.

Makotomane - histori le lik'hemik'hale

O ile a hlaha ka 16 setso pele lialmonde letsopa. Brazil, moo a ileng a phoso oela ka China ebe Europe. O ile a fihla lilemong tsa bo-bo18 la Russia. Tšimong, makotomane qala ho hōlileng ka feela ho ya ka makhetlo a Union.

Ajoa ke hona joale ka likarolo tse ling tsa Caucasus, North Caucasus, e ka boroa ea karolo e Europe la Russia, ka Asia Bohareng.

Lik'hemik'hale. The peanut dipeo le thuso e le bo-rasaense ba ka hlaloswang, na ho fihlela ho 52% ya oli tse mafura, e neng e akarelletsa glycerides lignoceric, arachidic, stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, gipogeevoy, lauric, myristic, eykozenovoy, tseritinovoy le acid behenic. Ho phaella moo oli e ka dipeo na lihaha-'mele (ho fihlela ho 36%), globulin (18%), glyuteininy (ka 16%), "Arachin" konarahin, divithamini E, B1 (e leng ka dipeo lekhapetleng), acid e pantothenic, biotin, joalo-joalo . Peō oli e emela alkaloid Arachin, choline le betaine.

lulisa

Lema groundnuts (makotomane dipeo) le kamano e haufi ho ea qetellong ea April, ka linako tse ling e le qalo ea May. O rata hantle haholo khoehlisa marapo ao,, empa ho ena le hoo "kaba" fatše. Hona ho bolela hore ha ea lokela ho ba haholo ba sithabetseng, ka hloko sila makhapa. fatše e lokela ho ba ruileng khalsiamo. Haeba e se nang - lokela ho eketsa 100 - 200 g, ka 12 - 15 mitha seedbed pele lema le tšoanang - pele lipalesa letlobo qala. The Optimum mobu acidity tsa semela sena ke boemo ba 5.6 ho ya ho 6.2.

Dipeo a lema ka botebo ba 3 cm, ka e leng sebaka sa cm, 15 ho tloha nngwe le e nngwe tse ling tse. Sena se nolofalletsa lema peanut bonolo haholo le ho loketseng haholoanyane ho laola lehola - gore e tle e ha e ba lumella hore ba ho hōla ka tsela e tloaelehileng, ducking tlaase fatše. Le le weeding fuss fumana tlaase ho moo. mobu lokela ho hakaalo ba rue taba manyolo. Behantsha tloaelehile hore batho ba - humus, peat le manyolo motsoako.

Haeba ho na le moru o haufi tsoakane - ke ho hotle ho tlisa le eketsa naha moru (jwalo ka e ka holimo lera hlephileng, e leng ke ho le bonolo haholo ho cheka).

tlhokomelo

Mora 6 - libeke tse 8. ka mor'a hore ba ne ba lutse, peanut hlaha qala ho thunya, pollinate. Pindar - ho intša pollinating limela. 'Me ka mor'a lipalesa tsohle shoa ka eona, e ke ho hlokahala hore dimela okuchit joaloka litapole,' me le tšollele ka haholo manyolo mulch libethe (ho tloha ho peat, sawdust, humus, lehlabathe), mokato oa se fetang 5 cm,. Land tlas'a mulch e lokela ho ba hlephileng le lumpy.

Ha a ntse a makotomane nakong lipalesa haholo nosetsa ee lokela ho ba - nngwe le e nngwe 3 - 4 matsatsi. Ha Bud - fokotsa nosetsang - hang mong le e mong 1 - 1,5nedeli. Empa haeba ka tšohanyetso ka nako ena e tla ho tshwarwa pula kamehla - lema tsohle peanut ka ba molemo ho pata.

kotulo

Kotulo, bala ho tloha mehleng ea lulisa 110 - 120 matsatsi. Ena ke semela ka toka undemanding. Bonahaleng yellowing ea makhasi - pontšo ho kotulo qomatsi; molemo ho senya le lihlahla pitchforks. Ba bonnete ba hore ba behe linaoa robehileng omisa moriting. linaoa Dry cockleboat habonolo robeha, kahoo ba lokolla ho fihlela ho thusa haholo, nang le phepo le monate linate.

Le ho hloma o loketseng le tlhokomelo e ntle, groundnuts tla thabela u le kotulo lona sumptuous.