Maikemisetso a Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia le mekhoa ea ho kenya tshebetsong bona

Linaheng tse ngata lefatšeng emisa 'banka naha, ke bona ba ikarabellang bakeng sa ho ea ka tšebetso ea tsamaiso ea lichelete. Russia, matla joalo matleng le Banka ea Russia. Tlas'a bolaoli ba Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia - fapaneng bolelloa batho ba bangata ba mesebetsi. Katleho ea tharollo itšetlehile haholo ka botsitso le lebelo la tsoelo-pele ea moruo ea sechaba. ke maikemisetso itseng ea Banka ea Russia ke efe? ke eng sebopeho lona tsa tlhophiso, 'me moo e thusa hore ho ka tharollo ea mesebetsi ka mokgatlo wa?

Akaretsang boitsebiso bo mabapi le ho CBR

Banka ea Russia - le mokhatlo oa molao, o sebetsang ntle ho 'mele ofe kapa' muso. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oa eona ke ikarabella State Duma, 'me motse-moholo oa matla le matlotlo a mang a ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng ke thepa ya mmuso. Morero oa hae, mesebetsi le tshebetso ya Banka Russia ka kakaretso tse tšoanang le tseo ba nang le libanka ea sechaba linaheng tse ling.

Ka ho khetheha, Banka ea Central - feela setheo eo o na le tokelo ea ho fana ka chelete ea sechaba, le ho hlophisa ajoa lona ka moruo. CBR e sa nkoa e le ho ya ka tlalehelang lekhetho, ho jara ditjeo ke profiting. Ka morero oa ho Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia ha ho ntshetsa pele ka ho bolaoa ha ditlameho tsa mmuso, le motlatsi le lengwe. Ntle le, ho hlakile, ka tumellano arohaneng ha totobatsa litsela tse ling.

Joale a re hlahlobeng molaetsa oa maikemisetso le senotlolo sa mookameli oa setheo Russia e banka.

Maikemisetso o ka sehloohong oa Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia

Ho ya ka dipehelo tsa Molao Federal № 86 tsa 10.06.2002 selemo, e leng ho o laola mosebetsi oa Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia, maikemisetso o ka sehloohong oa Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia tse latelang.

Ntlha ea pele, ke ho sireletsa Russia chelete ea sechaba - the ruble - ho tloha liphetoho phapanyetsano sekhahla le litla khopolo-taba. Tabeng ya bobedi, ke modernization le ntshetsopele ya puso ea tsamaiso ea banka. Ea boraro, ho etsa bonnete ba ea ka tšebetso ea mekgwa tefo ka moruo naha.

Nahana ka ya data tsa hlaseloa Banka ea Central ea Russia Federation haholoanyane.

Tshireletso ya chelete ea sechaba

Liprofinseng morao-rao ka ho fetisisa sekgahla sa phapanyetsano Ho thehoa haholo-holo ka lebaka la bolokolohi-sebetsa mochine oa phepelo le tlhokeho 'marakeng machaba. Ke bokae lokela ho ruble ikemiselitse, ka tsela eo haholo susumetsoa ke lintlha Link moruo.

Lipakane, maikemisetso le mesebetsi ya mesebetsi ya Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia e haholo-holo ikemiseditse ho ho khetholla har'a lintlha tsena ke tseo tse amang chelete ea naha ea Russia hampe, u se ke ua ba le 'maraka tlhaho. Esita le haeba bohato bona loketseng a ho laola haholo, empa mosebetsi o sa le thahasellong ea Banka State ea Russia e ka hanyetsa bona. Joang? Ka seo mekhoa?

Pele ho tsohle, e phetha, haeba ho hlokahala, phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho kenella - reka kapa thekiso ea mananeo a fumaneha ho chelete ea sechaba kapa linaheng tse ling e le hore ho eketsa kapa, lehlakoreng le leng, ho fokotsa boemo ba phepelo lona 'marakeng. Ho bōpa, ho etsa mohlala, e le keketso liranta ka sebaka seo 'maraka oo ruble rekisa, Banka ea Central ka' na fokotsa sekhahla lona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, chelete ea naha ea Federation ea Russia e theko e boima ho feta.

Empa hona joale e leng leano le maikemisetso a Banka ea Central ea Russia o ne a rerile hore a fokotse tshitsiso le mekgwa maraka oa ruble ena. Haholo-holo, hona ke ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore le mohlodi ka sehloohong bakeng sa Banka Central phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho kenella - mehloli ea chelete ea mmuso. Ka lebaka la phello ea maqakabetsi mekhoa taolo ya CBR khetha ha ho qeta ba ka kenella ka mekgwa marakeng hore theha thupelo.

Ntshetsopeleng ya tsamaiso bank

Maikemisetso a Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia li akarelletsa ho boloka tshebetsong le ntshetsopele ya tsamaiso banka ea sechaba. Ketsahalo ditharollo CBR le mekhoa e ngotsweng tabeng ena di ka hlahiswa ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya ka bophara. Eo ha bona ke senotlolo?

Pele, e le molao oa tsamaiso normative tsa libanka. CBR hatisa liketso tse fapa-fapaneng tsa molao laolang Tokisetso ea ho reka ka mokitlane le mekhatlo lichelete ho sebetsa ka mmuso, litšebeletso tsa sechaba le mekhatlo; beha litekanyetso tsa tlalehelang lichelete le lekhetho bakeng sa batšoantšisi loketseng. Ho ke ke ho hlokahala, pele ho tsohle, e le hore ho sireletsa lithahasello tsa bareki ba libanka - depositors, lipane tsa litlaleho tsa morao-rao, borrowers.

Tabeng ya bobedi, ke leano tse amanang le ho le manolotsoeng ya boleng homolog ea sekhahla senotlolo. Sena mehato lichelete pontshi haholo-holo ke hore na bitsa chelete e ngata sa kadimo-tjhelete e tla ba phethahatso ea banka poraefete ka Banka ea Central e le hore a ntšetsa pele ho sebelisa chelete alima tšebetsong ka sehloohong. Ka mohlala, e amanang le ho fana ha dikadimo lona. Ha sekhahla senotlolo sa Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia, e phahameng, tsoha theko le teng diakhontong ntšitsoeng ke dibanka poraefete.

Boraro, libanka bohareng, a phethang mesebetsi ho tshehetsa ea ka tšebetso ea tsamaiso ea banka naha, hlophisa ka tlhokomelo ya tshebetso senotlolo ka ditheo paballo ya naha ea matlotlo. A karolo ea bohlokoa ea khoebo lichelete tsoela ka bona le atlehe ho latela melao ya CBR.

Tšebetso ea mekgwa tefello

Maikemisetso a Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia hape e kenyeletsa ho boloka ya mekgwa tefo ka hare ho naha. 'Nete ea hore mosebetsi bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa ho reka ka mokitlane morao-rao le mekhatlo lichelete - hase feela mobung, dikadimo le ditshebeletso tsa taolo ya chelete, empa hape le ho ho kgothaletsa ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha ditransekshene lichelete tse amang motho ka mong, likhoebo poraefete, mafapha a' muso, batšoantšisi machaba.

Russia moahi kapa molata e lokela ho ba khona ho etsa ditefello tse ho batho ba bang le mekhatlo e ka lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng: litlaleho tse botho, likarete tsa ho reka ka mokitlane, ka metjha e le ea mekhatlo mokitlane bao e seng banka. Tlhokomelo ea ka tšebetso ea metjha e fapaneng - e mong oa mesebetsi eo ya CBR.

Central Bank Work sebakeng sena ka kakaretso se o etsoa ke mekgwa e tšoanang tse ama kgale mosebetsi tataiso CB. Sena ke ka lebaka la tokisetso ea tsamaiso ea banka. CBR hatisa melao-motheo ea se busang ditransekshene khanna ka tsela metjha e fapaneng, basekaseki tshebetso tsena. Mosebetsi ya ditheo mokitlane bao e seng banka, ba kopanela le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tefo, e leng boemo ba, itšetlehile haholo ka kamoo le mesebetsi ya mokitlane ba tloaelehileng le mekhatlo ea lichelete, ka boleng ba ka tekanyo e ka sehloohong ea Banka ea Central ea Federation le Serussia.

Re tšohlile tsa hlaseloa Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia (Bank of Russia) a fana ka maikutlo ho phethahala ha mesebetsi itseng. Re ithuta khethehileng bona.

Mesebetsi ya Banka ea Central

CBR o na le tsena tse latelang makgetheng ka sehloohong:

• kopanelang papaling ea ho 'moho le' Muso ka ho ntshetsa pele ka lintho tse tlang pele lichelete tsa leano la mmuso;
• phethahatsa ea ka mokhoa o ka taba bohatong ba ruble 'me netefatsa boipiletso ba lona ho moruo Russia;
• Ho fana ka chelete ho ya dihlongwa mokitlane bao e seng boemo ka mokgwa wa dikadimo, e fana ka refinancing dikadimo ntshitsweng;
• Ho hlalosa melao eo ho ea ka tseo a moruo Russia ba atlehe ditransekshene lichelete;
• beha litekanyetso tsa tshebetso tse fapa-fapaneng ho banka;
• basekaseki le ditransekshene tšebeletso ka litlaleho tsa tekanyetsokabo ya Federation Russia;
• lahla ka e beuweng tsela mehloli phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa 'muso oa;
• o tla ngolisa mokitlane le mekhatlo ea lichelete, fana ka bona lengolo kapa, ho fapana le hoo, hlakola bona ha e e iphumanela ho ditlolo ya ditheo tsena tsa molao ho banka;
• khanna maano a phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling mabapi le ho laola;
• Ho ea etsang qeto ka melao e laolang hore na ho fedisa ea baahi Russia le mekhatlo le batšoantšisi machaba;
• theha litekanyetso tsa boikarabello le tlalehelang lichelete ka hare ho bokgoni ba bona;
• rerang tekanyo ea chelete ea sechaba tse rekisoang machaba le phethahatsa sengoliloeng se lona ka nako e loketseng;
• amehang ka manolotsoeng ea ho leka-lekana ba ditefello tse sa boemo ba moruo;
• o laola mosebetsi oa fapanyetsana chelete;
• Ho phethahatsa mosebetsi katisediwa le karolo ea thuto ea dithulaganyo a moruo ka boemo ba moruo le boemo ka kakaretso, hammoho le ke sebaka;
• amehang ho sireletsa lithahasello tsa lichelete tsa depositors banka.

Kaha ba nka hore morero oa mosebetsi le mosebetsi wa Banka ea Central ea Russia, re ka hlahloba lintlha tsa ka sebopeho tlhophiso ea ka sehloohong diinstitusene tsa lichelete tsa Federation le Serussia. Re fuputsa ho qala ho ka lebaka la melao-motheo efe e behilweng ke taelo ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa mosebetsi oa Banka ea Central ya ka dipehelo tsa mesebetsi kabo ea tokisetso ea lihlopha hare tsa CBR.

CB Sebopeho: Melao-motheo ea taolo ya mokhatlo o fanang ka

Ha re ntse re se tseba, tsa hlaseloa Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia kenyeletsa tshireletso ya chelete Russia, ho etsa bonnete ba tsamaiso ea banka le mekgwa tefo ka moruo naha. Finyella e mong le ba bona ba qala ho, pele ho tsohle, ho hokahanngoe ea Banka ea Russia le lithahasello tsa bafo ba tse ling tsa boemo molao oa tsamaiso ea moruo, ho etsa mohlala, le 'Muso oa Russia. khetho ena chelete e 'ngoe ea melao-motheo e ka sehloohong ea CBR - interagency tšebelisano-'moho.

mesebetsi ea ka sehloohong ho banka tokisetso ea Federation ea Russia ho akarelletsa mathata a rarolla bothata boo, eseng feela ka matla le 'muso, empa hape ka phahameng ka ho lebatowa. Ka lebaka leo, Banka ea liofisi tsa Russia e moemeli sebetsa libaka tsohle tsa Russia. Mosebetsi oa tsona o etsoa nahane ka molao-motheo oa bogareng, ha kaofela ha mekhatlo ea ho ikarabella ho ofising khōlō le sebetsa ho latela melao ea tsamaiso ntshetswa pele ka tsona.

Ka holimo re hlokomela hore sepheo sa mosebetsi le mosebetsi wa Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia tse haufi-ufi kokangana. Kahoo Molao-motheo oa e 'ngoe ea tshebetso ya mokgatlo - tshebetso likarohano botsayakarolo. Ka e mong le e mehaho ea banka e ka hare di sebetsa barutehileng le bokgoni phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa mosebetsi oo.

E mong molao-motheo oa ho CBR - karohano ya matla ho etsa diqeto pakeng tsa ofisi ea e bohareng le e liofising tsa lebatowa. Re o ile a re mosebetsi oa Banka ea Russia ditheo tse libakeng tse ka ho ya ka melawana ntshetswa pele ke ofisi ea bohareng ea Banka ea Central. Leha ho le joalo, e le boikemelo itseng ho tswa diyuniti lebatowa ya banka mekhatlo e ka sehloohong ea Federation ea Russia e ntse e le teng, 'me ena ke ho phethahala ha molao-motheo o ka potso, ka mokhoa ona.

Sebōpeho sa Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia: mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa taolo ya mokgatlo

Hona joale re fuputsa seo seo ke 'mele e ka sehloohong ea Banka ea Central hlahisa sebopeho sa puso. Ho ba kenyeletsa:

• Lekgotla la Setjhaba Banking.
• ofisi ea Central ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng.
• The Board of Directors ea Banka ea Central ea Federation le Serussia.
• mehaho e sebakeng seo.
• RCC.
• Sesole diyuniti.

Re tla ithuta lintlha tsa bona tse tobileng.

Lekhotla Banking National

The dibopeho tsa sehlooho tsa Banka ea Central, ho etsa bonnete ba ea ka tšebetso ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o kenyeletsa National Lekhotla Banking. O na le 'mele collegial ya mokgatlo wa. Ka holimo re hlokomela hore sepheo sa Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia ha ho thusa 'muso ha a phethahatsa boikarabelo ba lona hammoho le taba ea hore mosebetsi oa ho mokgatlo wa kgolo Russia lichelete ha se ikarabella ho ba boholong.

Leha ho le joalo, mohlala oa Lekhotla la National Bank e ka amahanngoa, ka liketso, ho itšetleha ya Banka ea Central ho tloha boemong ba e ka ba bohlokoa. ha e le hantle hore ea ho hlophisoa la Lekhotla la Sechaba la Banka ea Central di sebetsa baemeli ba tsoang Lekhotla la Federation, Mmuso Duma, le RF Muso, hammoho le batho ba khethiloeng ke Mopresidente oa Federation le Serussia. Molula-setulo oa Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia hape e sebetsa e le karolo ea Banka ea Central ya sebopeho nahana ka tsona.

boto ea batsamaisi

Tlang bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lekala la Banka ea Central - the Board of Directors. O nkoa e le phethahatso phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa mohaho o lebōpong le etsang qeto ea hore ditataiso oo mesebetsi e tla concentrated Banka ea Central ea Russia, lipakane le liphofu tsa setheo e. sebopeho lona o na le ho tšoana itseng ho ea ka mokhoa o sa kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa bahlanka ba itseng tsa Lekgotla National Bank.

Kahoo, Banka Central ea Federation ea Russia o nahana ka sebōpeho sa sebetsa Molula-setulo oa Banka ea Central, hammoho le 12 litho tloaelehileng, kamehla etsa mosebetsi ba pelehi ka bankeng. Sebopeho sa Bank of Russia Board of Directors Ho thehoa ke ho kenya letsoho ka ho toba ea State Duma le Mopresidente wa Serussia. Hape e ka amahanngoa ke 'nete ea hore ho itšetleha ya Banka ea Central ho tloha' muso ka ikwetlisetse ntse e khōlō, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore Banka ea Central molao - ikemetseng tsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa' muso.

The Board of Directors ea Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia, eo rerang ka morero, mesebetsi le tshebetso ya Bank of Russia tla kopana bonyane 1 nako ka khoeli. Sebopeho sena etsang liqeto mabapi le taba ea ho ruble le, ho beha melao-motheo ea bakeng sa e le mabopong a poraefete, sebopeho sa lenane la likoloto tsa phapanyetsano le balebedi ling tse sebelisoang ho etsa bonnete ba hore dikadimo Banka Central, ho thehoa ha sekgahla sa tswala, meeli ditransekshene 'maraka, dikadimo jwale, ho etsa mohlala, nahana ka monyetla oa ho nchafatsa. Central Bank Board of Directors phethahatsa supervisory le taolo mesebetsi.

ofisi ea Central le sebopeho ea sebaka

Maikemisetso le mesebetsi ea mesebetsi ea Banka ea Central tse qalong boikarabelo ba Headquarters unit trust, empa hamorao ka wa mekgwa e thehilweng abela ho boemong ba ya dibopeho paballo ya naha ya CBR. Ho phaella moo, CA e emeloang ke diyuniti tse fapa-fapaneng tsa tshebetso hore ba na le boikarabelo bakeng sa tharollo ea mathata a ena kapa hore chitja. dibopeho tsena ikarabella Board of Directors le hlooho ea Banka ea Central ea Federation Russia mabapi le ho kenya tshebetsong diqeto tsa amohela ka tsona. Ka libakeng tsa mesebetsi Banka Central, le eena, a etsa ka sehloohong ea sebaka lihlopha tsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng ho banka. Senotlolo sa bothata - ho kenya tshebetsong ka tsela e tloaelehileng ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha maano a taolo ya tsa lichelete li ile tsa amohela ka phahameng ka ho 'muso.

Ea Roma e K'hatholike le diyuniti sesole ea Banka ea Central

Ka holimo re hlokometse hore maikemisetso a Banka ea Central ea Federation ea Russia e kenyeletsa ho boloka tshebetsong ya mmuso oona tsamaisong banka. Har'a tse khōlō mehaho diyuniti, ho ba le boitsebelo hlokahalang bakeng sa morero o motle - litsi chelete ho fedisa ea Banka ea Russia.

diinstitusene tsa tsena li arotsoe ka hlooho, a phethang mesebetsi libakeng tse, hammoho le hara-lebatowa. Ba etsa mosebetsi oa amanang le ho kenya tshebetsong ditransekshene hara-banka, tokiso ya ditheo mokitlane bao e seng boemo le litlaleho bajeta.

Tlang mofuta bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ya ditheo kenyelelitsoe mohaho CBR - diyuniti sesole. mosebetsi oa bona - boloka ditransekshene lichelete, tseo ke bafo ya ditheo tse fapa-fapaneng ka mmeedi tsa Russia a hlometseng Makhotla.

Ka tsela eo, re hlahlobile mesebetsi senotlolo bohareng banka, maikemisetso a Banka ea Central ea Russia Federation le mekhoa ea ho kenya tshebetsong bona. Ka sehloohong Russia banka - le mokgatlo ruileng, rarahaneng sebopeho, le nang le e mengata e fapaneng competencies ka lefapha la tsa lichelete.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Banka ea Central ke molao ikemetseng ho tloha 'muso, ka tse ling tse - Ho thehoa ke e tobileng ho ba le seabo bona. Ho phaella moo, Banka ea Central phethahatsa mesebetsi ea eona e leng lintho tse amanang le tsa likarolo tse ling boemo.