Lubricants le maro a indasteri

Hore le phethe mekgwa le mesebetsi ya mechine sebetsa sebediswa lubricants le sephalli botekgeniki. Ba fana ka tšepahala 'me ka bokgoni ba ho sebetsa ha thepa e sa tšoaneng.

Types of lubricants

Ka sebetsa, motsamao oa mekgwa ya le hlaha ho buisana le bokaholimo le senyeha bona ka mocheso ho tloha khohlano. Ho fokotsa matsoai lona le lubricants maiketsetso sebelisitsoeng ho eona.

Lubricants le maro a indasteri ka nako e ngata e le motheo bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse nang le:

• Distillate - lephaka distillation tsa oli mafura (khanya karoloana);
• barrel - distillation tsa sekontiri fumana.

Le leng kapa a mofuta o mong oa oli matsoai e lokisitsoeng ke ho kopanya le distillate le barrel dikarolo ka dikabo itseng le phaella ka ho re tlhokeng additives.

Maiketsetso oli e hlahisoang ke tswakana tsa hydrocarbons itseng ka phaella moo e tlhokeng improvers maemo sebetsa.

Types of Lubricants

• dilenaneo;
• phetiso;
• haeteroliki;
• greases.

Additives ho lubricants

Ditlhoko tsa oli sebetsa tlas'a maemo a sa tšoaneng, ba lula ba ntse tightened. moralo wa motheo e sa khone ho ka botlalo ho fana ka thepa ea hlokahala e ka feela ho bōptjoa ke go tlaleletsa ho sebelisoe ka oli le maro a botekgeniki. chelete ha bona ho tsoa dikotwana ea liphesente tse ho 15% le ka holimo.

Mefuta ho sebelisoe:

• Single mosebetsi - ho fana ka e 'ngoe ea thepa ea:-ba khahlanong le tsofaleng, khatello feteletseng, viscous, antioxidant, khohlano fokotsa, antifoam, depressor, detergent-dispersant, joalo-joalo;.
• Multifunctional - phahameng polymer metsoako conferring oli litšobotsi tse 'maloa a tshebetso;
• tseloe liphutheloana le o hlophisitsoeng - e tsoakiloeng le lik'hemik'hale tse amanang additives tse ntlafatsa thepa le bopa e leng tšobotsi e ncha (ho fihlela ho 15 dikarolo).

The thepa ea oli 'me metsi a mangata

Bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse kang kirisi, mokelikeli ho sebetsa, kapa GOST tobileng fana sete ya ditekanyetso fapaneng hlalosang maemo bakeng sa kopo tsa bona.

1. Lubricity - motsoako oa-ba khahlanong le khohlano,-ba khahlanong le qhoaele le thepa e feteletseng khatello. The paramethara ka sehloohong ke e tiileng e qamathelang, e tsebahala ka phallo hanyetsa pakeng tsa le dikarolo ea mokelikeli (a maholo e tiileng e qamathelang, Pa ∙ s). bath e mong ke e tiileng e qamathelang kinematic tse laolwang ke lebelo la outflow mokelikeli ke matla a khoheli ka viscometer capillary. E lekanngoa ka limithara ² / s. Bakeng sa oli bohlokoa ka ho khetheha ho itšetleha ya e tiileng e qamathelang ka mocheso. Ho hakanngoa ke e tiileng e qamathelang Index.
2. Thermal botsitso - e pontshi antioxidant thepa ea oli, tšoauoa ka e le nako ea phetoho ya ka tšesaane oli filimi ka lacquer filimi. A phahameng e le, a phahameng boleng sehlahisoa. Tsela ho kena moea qala ha halefile ho 50-60 ° ^C. The matla haholo eketsa ho qala ho tswa ho tse ^{ka bang} 250 C. The oli le lefifi 'me ho fetola physico-lik'hemik'hale lona thepa.
3. Detergent-dispersant thepa ya oli enjene bontša matla a ho fokotsa ho thehoe sediments le mobung k'habone ka har'a enjene le boloka lihlahisoa tšilafalo ka ho fanyeha.
4. Anticorrosive thepa ea oli li butle-butle bo ntse bo mpefala ka ho bokella qhoaele maloanlahla. Corrosivity hakanngoa ke boleng acid e, etsang qeto palo ea mg, KOH lokela ho kokobetsa ho acid e ea ka 1 g ya oli e. Acid e dikahare nakong tšebetso ea oona eketsa makhetlo 3-5 'me re ba le kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa lintlha tse. Properties ea oli li ile ba ntlafala ka ho kenyelletsa additives theha lifilimi sireletsang ka bokaholimo tšepe kapa acid e neutralizing tšepe alkaline lefatše.

oli dilenaneo

Reciprocating dienjini hare combustion e (leqhoa), haholo-holo ba hloka setlolo. Bakeng sa bona o ile a sebelisa dilenaneo oli, le thepa ea tse kgethile ho toba bakeng sa e mong le e thepa.

Ka nako e telele bakeng sa enjene combustion e ka hare ho sebelisa oli e hloekileng matsoai. Morao-rao ho matlafalitse dienjini hloka selelekeleng ho sebelisoe. Advantageously sebelisoa oli multigrade, kopana ditlhoko tsa e tiileng e qamathelang holim'a mefuta e mocheso telele.

Bakeng sa ba bangata diyuniti loketse seka-synthetics - metsi matsoai le go tlaleletsa ka dikarolo a maiketsetso a phelang. Reka e, o lokela ho lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho bonnete le boleng ba sehlahiswa. Boholo ba bona ba ba bolella ka dikgothaletso tsa litaelo tsa koloi. Mona ke ke ho hlokahala hore le tsebe hore bahlahisi nkhothaletsa oli cha, boo ba rua molemo. Ba ba neng ba ha ba le eena o tseba ho hlahisa litempe, u lokela ho latela keletso ea bona.

Classification tsa oli dilenaneo

Ke Performance oli dilenaneo ba classified ka lihlopha bakeng sa dienjini:

• A - carburetor neforsirovannom (maloa additives).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% additives).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (ho fihlela ho 8% additives).
• F - potlakisa haholo (8-12% ho sebelisoe).
• D - haholo potlakisa haholo laela dienjini disele (18-25% additives).

Ke tekanyo ea ho dilenaneo oli e tiileng e qamathelang sehlopha sa tse 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. lihlahisoa multigrade enjene oli ea makalana matsoai ke thickening tlaase e tiileng e qamathelang MPF additives. Bona ho na le litlelase tse 10, mong le e mong eo o hlalosoa a karoloana e itseng, mohlala, 4h / 8. The palotlase ba e tiileng e qamathelang sehlopheng se itseng ka -18 ^{° C,} 'me lerei - ka ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Ha tsebahalang cha ea oli enjene, mohlala _{M-6, c} / 10b _2, e ka deciphered tjena: M - dilenaneo 6 _h - e tiileng e qamathelang sehlopheng ka thickening tseloe 10 - e tiileng e qamathelang ka 100 ⁰ C, - sredneforsirovannyh enjene 2 - bakeng sa dienjini disele .

enjene cheke oli boleng o entsoe ka setsi tekotshupo, e leng hloka ya theko itseng. Na ho na le tsela e bonolo ea ho hlahloba: le fatang lokela ho beha lerotholi la oli holim'a pampiri e. Haeba e ka potlako phalla hang, tsamaea ka holim 'a didikadikwe' maloa tse mafura, ho bolela sehlahisoa boleng.

Phahameng ho hanyetsa marotholi ba tsebahala ka ho lahleheloa ke thepa e metle. taolo joalo ke a loketse bakeng sa lekola boleng ba selogetsi foreshe.

phetiso ea oli

Sebōpeho sa phetiso ya akarelletsa phetiso le kabo, liase, tsamaisoa Gear le ba bang. Setlolo sa ho thapisa e hlokehang bakeng sa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea likere. oli Gear di hlahiswa ho tloha diminerale kapa semisynthetic botlaaseng le additives tshebetso e thehiloeng chloride, phosphorus, sebabole, disulfide, ho bōpa filimi sireletsang, lintho tse tsoang ho tšusumetso ea kenyelletsa. E tiileng e qamathelang mahlahana a lokela ho lula le filimi ka mojaro phahameng le mocheso. Ka boemo ba leholimo a batang, le oli e tiileng e qamathelang ha baa lokela ho kena-kenana le mekgwa, e leng e kgethile sebopeho, loketseng ho tse e tiileng e qamathelang-index.

Mesebetsi Gear oli:

• phokotso ya tahlehelo ka khohlano le qhoaele;
• mocheso ho tloswa ho tswa ho libaka sa ikopanye le;
• phokotso ea mejaro makala;
• bao e seng chefo le batho bao e seng litšila.

The theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa maro a botekgeniki le greases e thehiloeng oli matsoai. Ba na le litšobotsi tse ntle, ho bōpa e ka tšeptjoang e sireletsang filimi.

Maiketsetso oli ke haholo e phahameng ka ho boleng, empa ba ile ba ba bitsa chelete e ngata lihlahisoa. boleng molemo bakeng sa chelete e seka-synthetics.

Malapeng phetiso oli di na le dipegelo e tiileng e qamathelang sehlopheng 4. Ho latela litšobotsi tshebetso di arotsoe ka lihlopha 5. The ho tšoaea ba hlophisitsoeng fapaneng bontša litšobotsi tse motheo, ho etsa mohlala, TM-5-9 _ya - oli phetiso Group 5, le e tiileng e qamathelang tsa 9th sehlopha sa thickening tseloe. MOHLALA baditjhaba Classification - SAE 80W-90, moo letšoao la ho bontša 80 - e tiileng e qamathelang sehlopheng, W - tekanyetso 90 - ngollana le e tiileng e qamathelang bonyane li 14 limilimithara ² / s ka 99 ⁰ C.

Maro bakeng sa tsamaiso ea haeteroliki

Ka tsamaiso ea gidromehanizmov le actuators bakeng susumetsang khethehileng sephalli botekgeniki sebelisitsoeng ho eona. Tsena ke ditlhoko:

• pumpability, 'me e nyenyane mocheso ho itšetleha ya e tiileng e qamathelang;
• phahameng ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho 'me ha ho ruruha kapa ho senyeha ha ya litiiso haeteroliki;
• phahameng lubricity;
• lik'hemik'hale le botsitso 'meleng ha ho lula re ena le thepa ea pele ka nako e telele nakong eo ke buuoe;
• ho ba sieo ha litšila, metsi le lintho tse senyang tse bakang ts'enyeho.

Haeteroliki oli kenyeletsa ka bang 20 mefuta e. Di hlahiswa ke kopanya distillates oli e tala le additives. Ka ho fetisisa e atisa ho sebelisoa oli leakage radiation Au. Tsebahalang oli MG-30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10a.

Sephalli bakeng dampers le litsamaiso Brake

Brake maro a botekgeniki etselitsoeng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa tsamaiso ea haeteroliki. Tsena ke ditlhoko:

• tlaase leqhoa ntlha;
• e nyenyane e tiileng e qamathelang;
• lubricity molemo;
• hanyetsa ts'enyeho;
• ha e le hantle e kotsi ka litiiso rabara.

Types of maro Brake.

1. Esc lena - 60% Castor oli + 40% ethanol.
2. S goldbr - 50% Castor oli + 50% monoethyl joala.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% joala.
4. "Neva" 'me palo e ba tse nyenyane mehato-22M - e glycol thehiloeng additives.
5. "Tom" - motsoako oa glycols le esters ea acid e boric.

Brake mokelikeli ka Castor botekgeniki motheo oa ho mocheso le tlase -20 ⁰ C. stiffen, empa feela e joala le lula ho tharollo. Tabeng ena, ba ile ba ba a khetha itšetlehile ka hore na sebakeng seo. Phetolo ya diedi ka bobeli mariha le lehlabula 'me ke ka seoelo se entse. Ho fetisisa ba rata tsohle nako-Sebelisa hlophisitsoeng mokelikeli eo li thehiloe glycol. Molemo ka ho fetisisa ho bona ke "Tom", eo na le e ntle ts'enyeho le-ba khahlanong le qhoaele thepa.

Makala a sebetsa formulations AF-12T le IHP-10, e bopilweng ka motsoako oa oli matsoai le tlaase e tiileng e qamathelang silicone mokelikeli le additives.

maro Technical

Tsamaiso ea mokelikeli tsidifatso e reretsoe ho boloka e hlokehang mocheso o mokgwa wa leqhoa. Ke koetsoeng, noa hang mocheso ho tloha mekgwa sebetsa le ho fetisetsa e ka radiator ka metsi ho tikoloho.

Nakong e fetileng, dimela matla folisoa ke metsi, empa o ne a ba tlohela ka lebaka la ho liphororo tse nyenyane freezing le belisoe. Ho feta moo, ho e bopa scum, 'me mohloli oa tšepe ts'enyeho.

Nakong e tlang, maro a botekgeniki fetohile ka sebopeho, empa lintho tsa motheo ba lule ba metsi.

Kopo kholo ka ho fetisisa o ile a fumana antifreeze - motsoako oa metsi le glycols le additives khethehileng. Ba na le menyetla e latelang:

• tlaase leqhoa ntlha;
• hanyenyane tjaleho holim 'a leqhoa a;
• a phehile ntlha holimo 110 ^{° C;}
• e ntle thepa ethylene bottom.

Antifreeze e thehiloeng ethylene glycol theko e - e le chefo botekgeniki sephalli. Tlase toxicity na o hlophisitsoeng e thehiloeng propylene glycol, empa theko bona e phahame haholo.

bofello

Oli le maro a botekgeniki hlahiswa 'marakeng ho mefuta e fapaneng ya ka bophara. Motorist ntle phihlelo ea kopo tsa bona lokela ho ameha ka o hlophisitsoeng, e leng litaelo khothalletsoang hore ho khetheha koloi cha. hloko ka ho khetheha ba lokela ho ho leshwa ho nako mariheng a tshebetso. Ha boloka koloi ka karache halefile loketse haholo bakeng sa linako tsa selemo kaofela mokelikeli ka. Ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka litsupa boleng, e seng ka theko. Ho phaella moo, ba lokela ho nahana ka lintho tse ling, tse kang bophelo bo engine.