Lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa tšepe

Metal lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ke metsi 'me se tiileng tsamaiso ea. Di thehoa ke alloying likarolo tse peli kapa ho feta. Hokela tšepe hape fapaneng. Qalong boletsweng poleloana e reng o ile a bua feela ho thepa le thepa metallic. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho ntshetsa pele e potlakileng ea theknoloji le tlhaloso ya fisiks atolosoa haholo 'me jala.

Tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa tšepe li sebediswa ho pharaletseng ka tlhahisong ea thepa ea kaho, mechine, lithulusi le lintho tse ling. Ho sa tsotellehe ho ata ha ho hloka leeme phahameng ea tlhahiso baka e maiketsetso, sehlahisoa ea thepa e ka holimo, hangata e theha motheong oa moralo, 'me litsebi li bolela esale pele hore nakong e tlang foreseeable, o tla' ne maemo a bona.

Alkaline lefatše le a alkali tšepe (K, Na, Ca, Li) le boemong ba lokolohile li sebelisoa reactors ea nyutlelie ka tšepe mokelikeli. Sodium e sebelisoa e le sethothetsi ka tlhahisong ea rabara, lithium - doping e matla, bobebe metsoako aluminium. Ba li sebelisoa lifofane.

Tšepe (tšepe botlaaseng) di fumanwa ka tlhaho ka letsoai, oxides le tšepe. Ka tloaelo ho, ka mokgwa hloekileng mofuta likarolo tse lik'hemik'hale tsitsitseng (Au, PT, cu, Ag). Har'a likarolo bulehileng ka nako le nako Mendeleyev System mashome a supileng tse tsheletseng bua ka tšepe, Si, Se, Ge, Te Joalokaha ho - ho litho lipakeng pakeng tsa tšepe le nonmetals, ka linako tse ling bitsoa ka eona, 'me semimetals.

thepa Metallic ba classified ka lihlopha tse peli tse khōlō. Pele ke tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona (tšepe le tšepe), ho ea bobeli - tšepe nonferrous le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng nonferrous tšepe. qetellang ea, le eena, ba aroloa ka:

- khanya (segokanyipalo sa dikgerama ho fihlela ho 5 / cm3);

- boima (segokanyipalo moholo ho dikgerama 10 / cm3);

- fusible (ka ntlha e itseng le qhibilihang ya ho tswa ho likhato 232 ho 410);

- refractory (qhibiliha mocheso e khōloanyane ho feta ea tšepe);

- Noble (le ho hanyetsa phahameng ts'enyeho).

Tšepe na thepa e fapaneng. Kahoo, ho etsa mohlala, mercury e tsitsipanyang tlas'a tšusumetso ea mocheso ho tloswa likhato 38,8, tungsten, ba nang le bokhoni ba withstanding ho bueloang mocheso oa ho fihlela ho 2000 likhato, sodium, lithium, potassium bobebe ho feta metsi a, 'me osmium le iridium a boima ho feta lithium ka makhetlo a mashome a mane a metso e' meli. Hoo e batlang e lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsohle tšepe na le litšobotsi tsa tse hlalosoa e le ho sebopeho le ho hlophisoa ha komponeng e ho ea ka tsidifatso le solidification maemo, mechine le mogote kalafo. Tsidifatso kapa futhumatsang kenya letsoho hore ho fetola ka sebōpeho sa metsoako tšepe. Sena, le eena, o na le tšusumetso ka thepa mmeleng, mechine le lik'hemik'hale, boitšoaro ba lintho tse bonahalang tse ka nako ya ho sebetsa le ho sebelisoa.

Litsebi hlwaya latelang thepa kakaretso ea tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng:

1. Phahameng mogote conductivity.
2. Eketseha ductility.
3. Phahameng motlakase conductivity.
4. Positive, mocheso paramethara ba hanyetsa motlakase. karo-karolelano ena e emela ho hanyetsa keketseho e le e ntseng e eketseha mocheso, 'me ka thempereichara e le haufi le ho feletseng lefela - superconductivity thepa tse ngata metallic.
5. Phahameng reflectivity. thepa Metallic ha sebeletsang pepeneneng le ho ba le tšobotsi metallic benya.
6. Thermionic mohlapo - le matla a ho emit dieleketerone ha halefile.
7. Ka sebopeho tiileng boemo kristale.

Ho khetholla le ho netefatsa thepa eo na le tšepe lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, ditsebi sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhoa taolo, ho akarelletsa le ho timetsa. Ka tsela eo, thepa metallic etswa diteko tsa plasticity, matla, mocheso ho hanyetsa, 'me ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho. Ka nako e tšoanang ba etsa batho bao e seng senyang mekhoa taolo. Tsena li akarelletsa tekanyo ea matla a khoheli, Optical, thepa ea motlakase, thatafala-index boikemisetso ba.