Limatlafatsi

khopolo ena ile tsebisoa lithuto tsa biosphere rasaense haholo Vernadsky. Limatlafatsi Vernadsky - "ntho e hlahisoang ke bophelo, ka matla a maholo ka ho fetisisa bokgoni ba." E ne e le ka sekontiri se thata, oli, a lejoe la mokoetla, mashala, joalo-joalo

mantsoe a bonolo feela, likaroloana tsa taba manyolo le limatlafatsi tse ngata ho na le. Mehlala - ulu, meno akhetse antlers akhetse linonyana masiba, ea makhasi, litholoana le pollens, sefate makhapetla kapa lifate oele, mantle a liphoofolo. Ho phepo amana liperela, eggshell, bile (renal) majoe, lebese, lero, web, silika. Lethathamong le ka e sa feleng.

ntho bao e seng biogenic le ka boela thehoa ka lintho tse phelang, empa e ke, ho fapana ho phepo e sa tsitsang ka ho fetisisa ka biosphere ka energetically recycled ka phelang tse ling tse phelang.

Haholo-holo tloaelehileng tshepetso metsoako manyolo. Feela karolo e nyenyane ea lintho tse bao e seng biogenic ba mesaletsa, ho fallela ka polibiogennye dintho. mafika Sedimentary ea polanete ea rōna ho ile ha thehoa nakong e fetileng epochs Geological. Ke polibiogennym dintho ka seretse e ka ba, ho etsa mohlala, e kenyeletsa detritus (meroho), mesaletsa ea lintho tse (re bitsa mummified), coprolites, 'mala o mosehla, mikrobiogennye liminerale (hydroxides tšepe, sulfides, carbonates, joalo-joalo).

majoe thabeng ena Earth bōpiloe, haholo-holo ka lintho tse phelang. E tšoanang carbonate majoe (dolomite, a lejoe la mokoetla, tjhoko) ke ka lebaka la mosebetsi plankton le lifilimi ka tlase ka hare ho naha metsi le maoatleng.

Koprolitovye limestones ba boetse ba nkoa e le biogenic. Sena ke e boetse e le lefika leo ka lona lintho tse bonahalang ho tloha bakeng sa eaba ba etsa le mantle e-ba seretse-jang tse ntlafalitsoeng kalaka yl.

silica mefuta (quartz, Opal, chalcedony) di a qapa haholo-holo ea mesaletsa ya marapo ea "ka silicon" tse phelang - diatom dimelametsing (diatoms) Radiolarian, liponche, silikoflagellat.

Empa di tuki (caustobioliths) - sedimentary majoe le ba tšoauoa ka concentrations phahameng ya limatlafatsi ka pel'a rōna. Caustobiolites thehoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea mesebetsi e itseng eneji, le tsa lintho tse phelang tse sa tšoaneng phelang.

Haholo-holo manyolo bao e seng biogenic ntho e tlhokomelwa fela thata bokeletseng likarolong tse ling tsa matša le mokhoabo oo, hona joale ka ho biosphere ena. Ka mohlala, naheng ea heso ka bang 60% ea mehloli ea peat bukeng ea lefatše. 'Me sena ke ka lebaka la ho sebakeng se itseng libaka le, ya e le hantle, boemo ba leholimo.

metsi Continental le maoatleng ipokellela mesaletsa ea plankton le lintho benthic mahala-phaphametseng, sapropel (mobung silt ka metsi a hloekileng), excrements liphoofolo. Ka tsela eo, karolo ea mokhoa ona, o ka esita le shebella lapeng aquariums.

Mashala, le eena lona, thehoa ho tloha peat, empa se e ea boholo-holo. Oli shales ba thehoa ho tswa sapropel. Mona, le ntho manyolo emeloang ke phytoplankton (litlhaka kahare). Empa ho na le slates "polugoryuchie" - ka sebopeho bona e na le mesaletsa ea zooplankton le zoobenthos.

Limatlafatsi 'me ea e-ba sesosa sa "khauta o motsho" - oli. "Batsoali" oli - mesaletsa ea ho se ho boletsoe lintho tse planktonic.

Mefuta phosphate, a mankanese a le tšoelesa - sedimentary, ea mahloriso e tlaase ea dintho phepo.

Ha re nahana ka mobung ka phosphorite, ho feta 90% ka sediments botebong ba maoatle, tšimoloho, ha u ntse u ka 'na nahana, manyolo. The ka koloi e khōlō ea phosphorus - phytoplankton, e leng e ho joalo hangata kamoo metsi a phatsima hlalosoa e bosiu. Empa phosphorus magweregwere a le mokatong oa leoatle - mantle tsa zooplankton.

mankanese Ferruginous kapa mafikeng theha phelang tse phelang mekhoabong, matša, maoatle, metsi maoatleng. tšepe le mankanese mahloriso ea tšepe itšetlehileng ka.

Phelang tse phelang le tse alleity (ho akarelletsa le bauxite), letsoai, clayey le mafika clastic.

Empa "ea matla ka ho fetisisa bokgoni ba eneji, le" ileng ba bōptjoa ho fetela ho makholo a lilemo 'me lilemo tse sekete, lieha ka dikotwana tsa millimeter ka. Re qeta eneji, le hona ka tekanyo e sa setonanahali. Ka tebello ea lokela ho nahana hore hona joale, hobane le lebelo la setoko boholo ba mehlodi ya ke ka ho feletseng e phophothehileng ho ea qetellong ea lekholo lena ...