Libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa Urals ho: tafole le tlhaloso ya

Ural Mountains otlolla tswa SeKazakh masabasabeng ho le lebōpo Arctic. E le bophara ba le boima ba lefika ke ho tloha 100 ho 400 km le, 'me bolelele o moholo ho feta 2,5 sekete. Km. Natural Urals libaka kenyeletsa a sa tsoaneng tsohle: ho tswa ho tundra Polar ho masabasabeng boroa.

Lithaba tsena li e arotsoe libakeng tse ho itšetlehile ka Geological e, boemo ba leholimo, 'me maemo a tse ling. Ka mor'a ho bona litšobotsi tse bona tse qaqileng, e ke ho bonolo ho utloisisa hore na libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa Urals ruileng le tse futsanehileng ka ho ya ka limela le liphoofolo teng.

Urals Polar

libakeng tsa tlhaho Polar Ural hlahiswa tundra le moru. Setšoantšo sa ena lithaba ketane karolo thehoa ka lebaka la ho serame bosa, ao ho 'ona ho thehoa majoe placers (kurums le lekhulo patterned). mocheso Permafrost mobu e bontša phapang pakeng tsa hlabula isang solifluction.

The mefuta e ka sehloohong ke imolohile - the sehlabeng leo mesaletsa ea glaciation. toropo lona ba le phula ena e ka mokgwa wa troughs. Hlobaetsang keletso na feela litlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Alpine sebaka bonahala ho ea ka boroa ea Polar Urals sebakeng se haufi sa Batho le saber.

Urals Polar metsi le batang maemo a leholimo. Nakong ea lehlabula, e ngata la maru le khafetsa pula. karolelano khoeli mocheso ka July - ho tloha 8 ho ea ho 14 ºC. Mariha ke nako e telele 'me ho bata haholo. Karolelano ea January mocheso ha feta -20 ºC. libakeng le tloaelehileng la permafrost. Ka mabalane, ka lebaka la ho blizzards, liqubu tsa lehloa kgolo thehoa. Selemo le selemo pula karolelano ea 500 (ka leboea) ho 800 (e ka boroa) limilimithara ba pula.

Mobu le limela tsa Polar Urals

Urals Natural sebakeng ama mobu le limela, e leng na mefuta e fapaneng fapaneng. Karolong e ka leboea, e tundra lithoteng libakeng tse lithaba sa makhalo. Bohareng ho na le hasanngoe ea majoe le limela tse nyenyane tse kapa che. Mosikong oa limela tundra emeloang ke mosses, boriba le lihlahla. Karolong e ka boroa ea mose ho libakeng tse moru, empa boleng ba bona naha e nyenyane.

Pele dwarf larch meru sparse hlaha ka liphula le, teng ka letsoapong bochabela haufi le 68º. w Le. karolo ena ea lefika le boima tšoauoa ka botenya tlaase tsa sekoahelo lehloa le ho feta phatlalletsoang kontinenteng boemo ba leholimo. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le maemo a molemo ka bakeng sa bophelo ba dimela. Ka Arctic Circle larch meru hlapolotsoeng spruces le likedare, 'me ka boroa ka ho eketsehileng - kalse mohbat le phaene lifate.

Mathang molao o le mong e thahasellisang mabapi le kgolo ya larch le phaene meru. Maemo a bakeng sa bona ka holimo ba orilla ho ena le ho libakeng bataletse. Lebaka le leng ke e ntle drainage le puso ea mocheso.

Severnyy Ural

sebakeng seo e teng hantle ka meridian 59th, Lisabole boroa qala le ho qetella Konzhakovsky Stone. Bophahamo karolelano ea setsing - 700 limithara ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Ho akarelletsa ho ea ka bochabela le bophirimela mekoloko. Pele ea bana ba ke tlisitseng. Ho fetisisa ea litlhōrō e sa bohale, empa lekaneng.

Ka ho hlaka bonahalang 3-4 boholo-holo holim lolamisiwa ga. E mong karolo e tloaelehileng ea tsa liphallelo e - e 'se mangata terraces upland teng holimo ho bophahamo ba le sefate, kapa ka moeli oa bona e ka holimo. dibopeho tsena li fapane haholo, eseng feela ka lithabeng e le e fapaneng, empa le ka mahlakoreng a fapaneng. maemo a klimate a tšoanang le sebaka fetileng, empa ha e le matla. Selemo le selemo pula karolelano ea ba fetang 800 limilimithara ea pula, haholo-holo ka matsoapo li shebile bophirimela. E le mouoane ya metsi ho tswa ho holim'a metsi ka tlaase haholo ho feta boleng ena, eo ke eena ea bakang ata libakeng tse mokhoabo.

Flora le liphoofolo tsa Northern Urals

Boreal moru tsoelang pele lera la sekoahelo sa lithaba. Tundra bolokoa feela ka maralla le mafika, teng ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 700-800. Dark phaene boreal moru na le haholo-holo ea phaene. Kalse mohbat ntse e hōla ka libaka tse moo mobu o nonneng haholo. Cedar khetha mokhoabong 'me majoe matsoapong. Laoloa ke meru phaene le boriba tala le ea bilberry, tse tloaelehileng tsa le taiga bohareng. Ka keletso ka leboea ba tsamaea ka morung ka seoelo le lotho ea mekhoabong.

Pinery mona - lipono tse makatsang tsa infrequent. karolo ea lona a hlaheletseng 'landschap oa boroa o bonahala 62º. m., ka letsoapong bochabela. Feela mona ho na le maemo a molemo ka bakeng sa kgolo ya lifate phaene: mobu tse majoe le omileng kontinenteng boemo ba leholimo. Kabelo ea Sukachev larch meru ke ka tlaase haholo ho feta ka Polar Urals. Ba hōla hammoho shrub alder le birch khopameng.

libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa Urals Northern - haholo-holo taiga, le likoatipa nyenyane ea tundra. liphoofolo Local na le baemeli ba tloaelehileng ha meru phaene. Sable lulang ho na le, moo likedare hōla. Ho na le wolverines, le lefubedu le le voles bohlooho le likhama. Phelang ka baemeli ba latelang ba avifauna ho: Hawk sephooko, waxwing, nutcracker le ba bang.

Ka lehlakoreng le ka bophirimela, e finyellang e ka holimo ea Nōka ea lebitso tšoanang, teng Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, le bontša ho tse ling tsa libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa Urals ena. O mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa Russia. Ho e lule e le ponahalo ea pele ea thabeng taiga, feta bohareng.

Sredniy Ural

Sredniy Ural hang fetohile sebopeho ka lebaka la ho lichifi tectonic. Ka lebaka lena, litlhōrō smoothed le tlaase. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba leng teng ho pota 800 limithara Railway e khōlō -. Perm Ekaterinburg lifapano le orilla ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse 410 Lithabeng e haholo timetsoa, ea isang ho tahlehelo ea mosebetsi tlisitseng .. Sena se tiisoa ke nōka Chusovaya le Ufa, tsoang ka matsoapo a bochabela le otlolla ho ea ka bophirimela. Liphula tse sephara le etselitsoeng, sena e bontšoa ke majoe bohehang overhanging libethe nōka.

Sredniy Ural, libakeng tsa tlhaho tse emeloang le taiga boroa le moru-steppe, haholo phutholohile haholoanyane bakeng sa lehae ea motho ho feta North. Lehlabula futhumetseng haholo le e sa pula ea selemo le selemo - ho tloha limilimithara 500 ho tse 600. Bolela'ng July mocheso - ho tloha 16 ho 18 ºC. tshusumetso Climate ka mobu le limela. taiga Southern e teng libakeng tse e ka leboea, 'me morung-steppe - ka Boroa.

The limela le liphoofolo tsa Middle Urals

Ka bochabela le ka bophirimela le matsoapo a haholo fapaneng limela. Ka Trans-Ural masabasabeng a susumelletseha haholo ka ho eketsehileng ka leboea ho feta e Urals sa, moo ba ileng ba ile a fumana e-ea lihlekehlekeng feela motho. Mount meru lera e tsoelang pele, feela litlhōrō ka linako tse ling tsoha ka holimo taiga libaka Moeli o ne o. Laoloa ke taiga, e entsoeng ka phaene le hum kalse mohbat ka libakeng tsa meru e phaene. meru e tsoakiloeng (phaene, kalse mohbat, birch, Linden) ke tloaelehileng ba libaka tse ka boroa-ka bophirimela.

A palo e kholo ea meru birch teng ho pholletsa le bo Hare Urals. Ba hlaha libakeng tse rema moru phaene. Natural Urals sebakeng na le sebopeho bath ba 'muso liphoofolo. A mefuta e fapaneng ya meru le boemo ba leholimo mofuthu tlatsetsa ha e le hantle hore palo ea baemeli ba liphoofolo ho tloha boroa ho ea eketseha. baahi ba tloaelehileng ba bo Hare Urals - the klonoa, ferret, mmutlanyana, pela. Har'a avifauna tloaelehileng Nightingale, ho oriole, greenfinch. Lihahabi ba emeloang joaloka noha e, copperhead, mekholutsoane.

Landscape profinseng ea bo Hare Urals

• Karolelano ea Urals. sehlabeng sena, phahameng ho ba bolelele ba 500 ho 600 m. Ho fokotsa ka khokahano le letšo-letšo la liphula noka. Ka mafolofolo dutlang dithulaganyo karst se ile sa etsa hore ho thehoe le matša a mangata le mahaheng funnels. drainage ntle thibela sebopeho sa mekhoabong, ho sa tsotellehe chelete e khōlō ea pula. Laoloa ke meru phaene bile ba kopanya le likoatipa tsa moru.
• Center bo Hare Urals hlahisa karolo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya orilla ka. bophahamo ba eona e monyenyane, kahoo, ho e hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng koahetsoeng ka taiga.
• Karolelano ea Trans-Urals. Ho e phahameng thota le boreleli linaheng tsa bochabela leeme. E na outliers, maporogo morema le libeisine letšeng. Laoloa ke meru e hloekileng phaene le motsoako ya lona ka lifate tse ling. Karolong e ka leboea ea libaka tse mongobo tse ngata. Morung-steppe tsoetse pele leboea le hōle bapisoa le sebakeng Urals. paisagem Siberia fa meru birch sebopeho.

Yuzhnyy Ural

sebaka sena se fapane le Ural orilla mahareng ka litlhōrō tse phahameng (Iremel, 1582 limithara; Yamantau, 1640 limithara). tlisitseng e phethahatsoa ka orilla Uraltau, e leng hona teng ho ea ka bochabela le ho na le sebaka se phahameng sa haholo. E entsoe ka schist. Sebakeng sa busoa ke ea liphallelo tsa lithaba mahareng. Arohaneng Goltseva litlhōrō ka nģ'ane libaka morung. holim 'a bona ke a bataletseng, empa o na le moepa lefika matsoapong le lotho ea terraces. glaciers ea boholo-holo setseng ka maporogo le Zigalga Iremel mesaletsa ea mekhatlo bona.

Yuzhnouralsky peneplain ke thota, ho ba le a phuthilweng le botlaaseng tsosoa. E dissected ke liphula noka, tšoanang likhohlo. Zauralsky peneplain e teng ka letsoapong ka bochabela, tšoauoa ka e le boemo ka tlaase le holim boreleli. Karolong e ka leboea na le e ngata ea matša le lihlopha hlollang lefika hammoho mabopong.

The maemo a klimate tsa Urals Southern ntse ho feta libakeng tse kontinenteng pejana. Ea lehlabula e mofuthu, komello le meea e ommeng sebakeng sena ba Urals ena. Ka karolelano mocheso la khoeli ea warmest - ho tloha 20 ho 22 ºC. Ea mariha a batang, lehloa le sekoahelo sa eona ke habohlokoa. Ka mariha nōka ka ho feletseng le hatsele ho leqhoa sebopeho, bolaoa palo e khōlō ea linonyana le moles. Selemo le selemo pula ranges ho tloha 400 ho tse 600 ka boroa ho ea ka leboea ea sebakeng seo.

Flora le liphoofolo tsa Afrika Ural

libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa Urals Southern tse hlahisoang steppe le moru libakeng tse. Flora le sekoahelo sa eona mobu na altitudinal bopa dikgaolo. Chernozem steppe tloaelehileng tsa libakeng tse tlaase-tlaase tsa mosiko ena. Le libakeng tseo morema ka bonoa moru phaene ka admixture ea lehong le thata.

Moru steppe ae phethang Yuzhnoural'skiy peneplain, 'me matsoapong ka bochabela ea libakeng tse e ka leboea ea naha. Flora na le motsoako steppe le baahi ba boreal.

Tafole: libaka tsa tlhaho Ural

Natural ho bopa dikgaolo Ural mefuta e fapaneng e tjena.

libakeng tsa tlhaho Ural, ka bokhutšoanyane ho bontšitsoe tafoleng kgontsha ho trace phetoho bona butle-butle ka tataiso e tsoang ka leboea ho ka boroa.