Ksantoproteinovaya itsoara joang ho protheine: lipontšo le moralo abel

E le hore ho theha sebopeho ya boleng ba lijo tse ngata sebediswa ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang ka protheine e. Ho ba teng ha acid nkhang hamonate amino ka Remix tla fetola ka e ntle teko sampole mmala.

protheine ke eng

E boetse o bitsoa protheine, e leng lintho tse bonahalang a thepa ea mohaho bakeng sa 'mele o phelang. Liprotheine boloka mesifa boholo, tsosolosa lemetseng le bafu dinama tse nyenyane tse dibopeho tsa makala a sa tšoaneng, ebang ke moriri, letlalo le ligaments. Ka ho ba le seabo bona, bo hlahisa nyenyane khubelu ea mali, e laoloa ke tshebetso tloaelehileng ea li-hormone tse ngata 'me lisele tse boitshireletso ba mmele.

Sena ke e rarahaneng molek'hule hore ke polypeptide ho ba le boima bo boholo ho feta 6 ~ 10 ³ daltons. Protein sebopeho eaba ba etsa litlhaka kahare acid e amino ka palo e kholo ea tsamaisana peptide tlamo e.

Sebōpeho sa liprotheine

The tšobotsi e khethehileng ea dintho tsena bapisoa le tlaase peptides limolek'hule boima ke hore ba ile ba qapa tse tharo-tlhakore sebopeho tlhaloganya sebaka, tshehetswa litla le likhato sa tšoaneng tsa khahloa. Liprotheine rua mane sebopeho. Bakeng sa e mong le e ba bona ba na le litšobotsi tse ba lona.

E le motheo oa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o moholo oa limolek'hule le nkiloeng amino acid e latellana joang, sebopeho eo amohela ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang ka protheine e. Sebopeho sena ke nako le nako ho pheta peptide tlamo e -HN-CH-CO-, ka khetha karolo radicals ke liketane lehlakoreng ka-amino acid. Ba hlalosa thepa tse ling tsa ntho e ka kakaretso.

Sebopeho protheine mathomo e nkoa e le matla ka ho lekaneng, ena ke e loketseng ho ba teng ha ditshebeditsano matla covalent litlamong peptide. Sebopeho sa maemo morago ga moo e le hlaha ho tla ya ka litšobotsi le beha ka qalong.

Sebopeho sa mohaho oa bobeli ke khoneha ka lebaka la ho sotha tsa latellana joang amino acid e ka ho spiral e, eo ho eona litlamo hydrogen li thehile pakeng tsa chenchana ka.

E phahameng boemo ba mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa limolek'hule tsa thehoa ka ho sebelisa e 'ngoe ea ho spiral ka likhechana tse ling tse le ketsahalo e sa maqhama' ohle khoneha pakeng tsa bona, le hydrogen, disulfide, covalent kapa ionic komponeng. Phello ke mokhatlo ka mokgwa wa globules.

Tokisetso tlhaloganya sebaka mehaho e phahameng ka ho bōptjoa ha litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa bona lebisa hore ho thehoe sebōpeho ho qetela tsa molek'hule kapa maemo quaternary.

-amino acid

Ba etsa hore thepa ea lik'hemik'hale liprotheine. Ho na le ba ka bang 20 ka sehloohong amino acid etsang ho polypeptides ka tatelano fapaneng. Sena hape o bitsoa ka seoelo aminocarboxylic acid e ka mokgwa hydroxyproline le hydroxylysine nkiloeng peptide motheo.

E le pontšo ea ho amohela ksantoproteinovaya protheine itšoara joang, boteng ba acid itseng amino fana ka phetoho mala oa reagents, fana ka maikutlo a ho ba teng ha mehaho e itseng ka ho hlophisoa bona.

Ha e ntse e ile, ba acid carboxylic hore li hlahile tloswa ea athomo hydrogen ka amino sehlopha.

Mohaho mohlala oa molek'hule e ka 'na sebeletsa le mehaho moralo glycine (HNH- HCH- COOH) e le amino acid e bonolo.

Tabeng ena e mong oa hydrogens CH ₂ - ka nkeloa sebaka ke k'habone sa khōlō se se akaretsang sa benzene lesale, amino, sulfo, carboxy.

Eng ksantoproteinovaya karabelong

Bakeng sa and analysis ya boleng liprotheine sebelisa mekhoa e sa tšoaneng. Tsena li akarelletsa liphetoho:

• biuret le ponahalo ea 'mala bopherese;
• ninhydrin ho theha e tharollo e putsoa-bopherese;
• formaldehyde le ho thehoa ha 'mala e khubelu;
• Nogier ho precipitate le bohlooho-ba batsho mmala.

Ho phetha e mong le e mokhoa ipakile ho ba teng ha liprotheine le ho ba teng ha lihlopha tse itseng tsa tshebetso ka molek'hule bona.

Ho na le ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang ka protheine e. E boetse e bitsoa ho sithabela Mulder. Le bua ka liphetoho 'mala bakeng sa liprotheine, eo ho eona ho na le nkhang hamonate le heterocyclic amino acid.

Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea joalo tshebetso sampole e nitration acid e nitric litlhaka kahare cyclic amino acid e ka ho khetheha ho kamohelo ya sehlopha nitro ho benzene lesale.

Le ka lebaka la mokhoa ona ke sebopeho sa metsoako nitro, eo tseko. Sena ke motheo tšobotsi ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang.

Seo behile amino acid e

Ha acid e tsohle aminocarboxylic ka lemoha sebedisa jwalo sampole. The tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ea ksantoproteinovaya protheine bonoa itsoara joang ka - ho fumaneha benzene lesale kapa heterocycle ka molek'hule-amino acid.

Hobane protheine e ka thōko ho tloha acid aminocarboxylic pedi nkhang hamonate, eo ho eona ho ke phenyl sehlopha (bakeng sa phenylalanine), le hydroxyphenyl khōlō (ka tyrosine).

Ka ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang ikemiselitse heterocyclic amino acid e tryptophan, indole nang le khubung nkhang hamonate. Ho ba teng ha metsoako ka holimo ka protheine e fana ka bath mala phetoho ya tikoloho teko.

Seo tšebeliso reagents

Bakeng sa ho phetha itšoara joang ksantoproteinovaya lokela ho hlophisa 1% tharollo ea lehe protheine, kapa hlahang ho yona sa meroho.

Hangata sebediswa lehe, eo e arotsoe karohano eketsehileng ba protheine e tsoang yolk ka. Bakeng sa tharollo 1% ya protheine ile hlapolotsoeng ka tenfold palo ya metsi a hloekisa. Mora shoa hoa protheine sephetho le mokelikeli o lokela ho e tlhotliloeng ka ho le dikarolo e 'maloa ea cheesecloth. tharollo ena lokela ho ho bolokoa ka sebaka se pholileng.

Ho ka etsahala hore ba phethe ba itšoara joang le protheine meroho. Ho lokisa tharollo e sebediswa phofo koro ka palo ea lik'hilograma 0,04. 0,16 k ea metsi a hloekisa. metsoako ba ne ba tsoakane ka botlolo eo bo tlameletsoe bakeng sa lihora tse 24 sebakeng se pholileng ka mocheso ka bang + 1 ° C. Qetellong ea letsatsi tharollo ile ba hlohlelletsa, lateloa ke karaoke set lona pele le ulu k'hothone 'me joale - ka pampiri a phuthilweng filthara. The mokelikeli sephetho ile a 'na a sebakeng se pholileng. tharollo ena ke haholo-holo hona joale ka albumin karoloana.

Bakeng sa ho phetha itšoara joang ksantoproteinovaya e le ka sehloohong reagent sebediswa nitric acid e conc. reagents Ho ekelletsa moo ke tharollo ea sodium hydroxide 10% kapa ammonia, tharollo edible gelatin le unconcentrated phenol.

The mokgweng tsa

Ka lethopo le hloekileng o entsoe 1% protheine tharollo mahe -th kapa phofo ka tjhelete e ya 2 di ml. Ena eketsa ka 9 marotholi a acid e khobokellane nitric ho flocculation khaotsa. Motsoako sephetho le ile halefile, sephetho le bosehla precipitate butle-butle disappears le 'mala lona tsoela ka tharollo.

Ha mokelikeli pholisa fatše ka tube hammoho leboteng eketsa ka 9 marotholi a hydroxide sodium, concentrated, eo e feteletseng bakeng sa tshebetso. Ba itšoara joang mahareng fetoha alkaline. Dikahare fetoha 'mala oa lamunu ka teko tube,.

Features ya

Kaha ksantoproteinovaya bitsoa boleng tsa itšoara joang ka acid e nitric ke ketso ea liprotheine, ho sampole o etsoa tlas'a kenyelleditswe fume Hood. Ho hlokomela mehato yohle polokeho ha ho sebetsa le dintho khobokellane caustic.

Ho lokolloa ha dikahare ho tloha tube, ho ka 'na etsahala nakong tshebetso futhumatsang hore lokela ho hopolwa ha lokisa ka pane le khetha tšekamelo.

Safetoh ea acid e khobokellane nitric le caustic soda lokela feela ho sebelisa khalase pipette le Pears rabara thibetsoe pipette ke molomo.

A lekanyelitsoeng itsoara joang ka phenol

Ka ho hlaka, thulaganyo le netefatso ya ho ba teng ha lihlopha tse phenyl o etsoang tsoa le e tšoanang sampole hydroxybenzene.

tube, tse tlisang 2 ML ea hlapolotsoeng phenol ebe butle-butle hammoho leboteng, o ile a phaella ka ho re 2 di ml acid e nitric khobokellane. tharollo e ile ea behoa tlas'a futhumatsang, oo ka oona e ba mosehla. itšoara joang Ena ke tšobotsi ea ho ba teng ha benzene lesale.

Process hydroxybenzene nitrated le asiti nitric lateloa ke sebopeho sa motsoako oa leq-nitrophenol le obble-nitrophenol ka peresente ya 15 ho 35.

Papiso teko le edible gelatin

Ho paka hore ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang ka protheine e senola e amino acid e ka sebopeho nkhang hamonate, sebelisa liprotheine tse se nang sehlopha phenol.

Ka lethopo le hloekileng o entsoe 1% edible gelatin tharollo ka tjhelete e ya 2 di ml. Ena e phaella ka ho re mabapi le 9 marotholi a acid e nitric khobokellane. Motsoako sephetho ke halefile. tharollo e ne e se 'mala ka mosehla, e leng ho bontšang ho ba sieo ha-amino acid le mohaho o nkhang hamonate. Ka linako tse ling ho na le ke yellowing hanyenyane ha tikoloho e loketseng ea ho ba teng ha litšila protheine.

ditekanyo lik'hemik'hale

Ka tse peli mohato itsoara joang ka matha ksantoproteinovaya liprotheine. Mokgwa wa ho Nahana pele sethaleng nitration thulaganyou e hlalosang limolek'hule acid e amino sebelisa khobokellane nitric acid e.

mohlala e ke kamano ea sehlopha nitro ho tyrosine le ho theha nitrotyrosine le dinitrotirozina. Tabeng ea pele ho benzene lesale o khomaretse e mong NO ₂ -radical, le komponeng ea bobeli ba le liathomo hydrogen tse pedi di nkeloa sebaka ke NO _2. Lik'hemik'hale moralo ksantoproteinovaya tyrosine itsoara joang ka ea emeloang ke itsoara joang ka acid e nitric ho theha nitrotyrosine molek'hule.

thulaganyou e Nitration e tsamaea le phetoho colorless colouring ka molumo mosehla. Ho phetha itsoara joang ka sena ka liprotheine tse nang le amino acid e litlhaka kahare phenylalanine kapa tryptophan, 'me' mala oa liphetoho tse tharollo.

Mohato oa bobeli ke ba itšoara joang sehlahisoa sa nitration ea limolek'hule tyrosine, haholo-holo nitrotyrosine, le ammonium kapa hydroxide sodium. Phello ke sodium kapa ammonium letsoai eo bosehla lamunu mmala. Joalo itsoara joang ka ea e amanang le monyetla oa limolek'hule nitrotyrosine susumelletsa ka mokgwa quinoid. Ka mor'a moo letsoai thehoa therefrom acid e nitronic, le nang le tsamaiso quinone tsa conjugated litlamo habeli.

Ka tsela eo e fella ka ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang ka liprotheine. The abel hlahiswa ka holimo Bohato ba bobeli.

diphetho

Nakong ea ho hlahloba maro tse methapo tse tharo, tharollo ya referense bo hlapolotsoe ka phenol. Dintho le benzene lesale fa boleng tsa itšoara joang le asiti nitric. Ka lebaka leo, lea feto-fetoha 'mala ea tharollo.

E le o tsejoa, edible gelatin kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e hydrolyzed foromo ya collagen. Protheine ha ba le sebopeho nkhang hamonate tsa amino acid e. Ha ho phetoho e 'mala oa mahareng ka itšoara joang ka acid e ea.

Ka boraro teko tube, ho na ba ikutloa ka tsela positive, ho liprotheine ksantoproteinovaya. Qetello ka huleloa tjena: tsohle liprotheine le sebopeho nkhang hamonate, hore na e ka ba phenyl sehlopha kapa lesale indole, fuoa fetola mmala ea tharollo. Sena ke ka lebaka la hore ho thehoe metsoako nitro le 'mala o mosehla.

Phethang 'mala o itšoara joang ke bopaki ba ho ba teng ha mehaho e fapa-fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale ka-amino acid le liprotheine. MOHLALA edible gelatin bontša hore sebopeho lona e kenyeletsa acid e aminocarboxylic ho se be le ea phenyl sehlopha kapa sebopeho cyclic.

Ka itšoara joang ksantoproteinovaya ka hlalosoa ke yellowing ea letlalo ha sebelisoa ho e le matla acid e nitric. Mala e tšoanang e tla ba frothy lebese nakong and analysis hae tšoanang.

Ikatisetsa litleleniki tsa laboratori, ena sampole mebala e sa sebelisoa bakeng sa ba bonoa ba protheine ka moroto wa. Sena ke ka lebaka la 'mala o mosehla tsa moroto boeona.

Ksantoproteinovaya itšoara joang ile eketsehileng sebediswa bakeng sa quantification ea-amino acid tse kang tryptophan le tyrosine, e le karolo ea liprotheine e fapaneng.