Kokoana-hloko ea varicella-zoster - seo ha e le habohlokoa? Herpes zoster: Phekolo, Etsa, Matšoao

Chickenpox, kapa, ho feta ka nepo, sekholopane moea, tloaetseng hoo e ka bang mong le e mong moahi oa Lefatše. Ho meputso re ka lipina tsa thoriso likokoana-hloko e ileng ea bitsoa varicella-zoster, bulehileng ka 1911. Ho ile ha nka lilemo tse fetang lekholo ho tloha nakong eo e hōle. Varicella se ithutile bolelele le bophara, empa ho hlōla ho fihlela motho eo ka che. E bakiloeng ke sena kokoana-hloko ea lefu ha a hlaha ho ba haholo-holo ka lintho tse tebileng, hobane ho shoa ho tloha ba 1 100 tse sekete Maemong a, 'me esita le ka nako eo a sa tsoe ho bona, empa e tsoa ho mathata a bakoang ke' ona. Mona ka mathata ana le thetso ke. Varicella-zoster kokoana-hloko ke khona ho phunyeletse ka mali, ka lisele tsa mmele, ka mekgwa ya ba bangata ba phelang. Oela sehlopheng e tsoa ho e ho na le ke ke ha khoneha. Hang tsebisa ka 'mele ea rōna, e parasite lulang a le rona ka ho sa feleng.

Potreite ya vaerase

Varicella-zoster Varicellovirus ke ea genus akarelletsa ho 17 mefuta e. Har'a bona ba elang tse amang feela liphoofolo kapa linonyana tse itseng, empa ho na le feela batho. Tsena dingongoreho le maikutlo a nkoa ke re "zoster". lentsoe ho bolela ka Segerike "lebanta" hore bontša mohlala oa diso, o ile a re hangata ho fetisisa.

Tšoase e tsoa ho likolobe, likhoho, lintja le tse ling tse liphoofolo tse ke keng oa. Ka thalo machaba tsa likokoana-hloko a tšoaetsanoang e bitsoa Human alphaherpesvirus 3rd mofuta. All likokoana-hloko tsena microscopically nyenyane, empa e mong le e 'nile ea lona e ikhethang "sefahleho". The ya microscope e bontša rona hore varicella-zoster bopehileng potoloha kapa hanyenyane oval, e na le liboto tse bopilweng ea DNA, le khetla strewn spines a entsoeng rarahaneng liprotheine. Qalong otla 'mele oa lehlatsipa, kokoana-hloko e etsa hore lefu chickenpox.

Litsela tsa tshwaetso

Varicella-zoster kokoana-hloko feela infects batho, bogolosegolo ea ngoana ea sekolong sa tlhokomelo ea le sekolong le bana. A palo e haholo-holo phahameng ea tšoaetso ea likolong, kindergartens, ka palo efe kapa efe e khōlō ea lihlopha. Tseleng - airborne (thimola, ho khohlela) le Pin. kamehla ho ile ha thehoa bubble, e leng o kgona ho bala tse likete tse likete likokoana-hloko 'meleng oa ka kula ngoana. Ha bubble tsena qhoma, ka likokoana-hloko exudate tsoa ka tikoloho le ho ka kenya 'meleng oa motho ea phetseng hantle ka matsoho a litšila, lintho kapa ikopanye le' mele, tse kang letsoho Shake. Grace likokoana-hloko ka teng feela ka lisele tsa lehlatsipa bona, ka hona, ho ba ka ntle, ba sitoang ho itšireletsa. Ba kgona ho habonolo ka ho bolaea disinfecting tharollo, e belang e, leha e le detergents.

le matšoao

Ho kena 'mele ea rona varicella-zoster ka molomo, e leng e beha ka lera ea mucous. Hlōla ba bona ba pele "bridgehead", likokoana-hloko ba a kenyelletsa ka limfososudy, mali, matšoafo, tsamaiso ea methapo le lisele tse vegetative ea thapo lesapo la mokokotlo. Phunyeletsang ka lihloliloeng tsena, ba ile ba qala ho ikatisa, 'me ba se a ntse tseba' meleng, a etsa hore lefu. Ho tloha motsotsong ona ea tšoaetso ho fihlela matšoao pele e ka nka matsatsi a 14 kapa ho feta. The letšoao ka sehloohong sa chickenpox ke ponahalo ea bubble ka lekhopho hohle 'mele. Qalong, ba ne ba shebahala joang maqhutsu bo bofubelu, empa ka potlako hōla ho fihlela se lekana ea papali hlooho kapa ea ka tlaasana. Ba tsena tlasa tšesaane letlalo ke ho translucent exudate. Ha bubble e qhoma, ho latela exudate, 'me a lule ka liso letlalong, ha a ntse a desiccation retelehelang ho ka scabs.

Mocheso ka kula preschoolers seoelo fofomoga ho phahameng melemo le, e le a busa, e tsoareloa sebakeng sa 37,5 ° C, matšoao a botahoa, hangata ho lemohiloeng, empa ngoana e ka ba capricious, ba hanang ho e-ja lijo, ho tlo noabolohang. Ba baholo le bana (7-12 lilemo tse) a utlwiswe bohloko boo chickenpox ke ho batla ho feta tse rarahaneng, le hoja ba e na le lefu lena a ka etsahala ka tsela e hlokang leeme le bonolo tsela le tlaase sehlopheng feberu le ba ikutloe ba thabile.

Varicella lekhopho bothata ke hore bakuli ba lilemo tsohle ba ka matla itches. Bana itch le tabola theoha karolong e ka holimo, ba siea letlalo bophelong ba hao letšoao-ospinki.

Ho batho ba baholo, chickenpox mathomo, le maloetse e matla ho feta. Di tšoauoa:

• bofokoli;
• hlooho;
• phahameng litsupa mocheso;
• 'mele oa opa;
• robala meferefere;
• ka linako tse ling ho nyekeloa ke pelo ho hlatsa le ho tlōla setulo sa.

Chickenpox ka bakhachane le masea

Har'a chickenpox mokhachane e fumanoa seoelo (ka tlase ho 5%), e le boholo ba bo-'mè oa moimana e ne e bile kula bongoaneng ba hae, 'me' mele o khona ho hlahisa lisireletsi ho varicella-zoster. Sa tsoa tsoaloa ho likhoeli tse 6, le bona ba fana ka tšireletso ea khahlanong le kokoana-hloko. Ka hona grudnichki chickenpox hoo e ka bang etsa jwalo ke ua fumana kula.

Ka bomalimabe, ha tšoaetso mathomo le sekholopane etsahetseng nakong ea bokhachane, ho na le kotsi ya ho tšoaetsa ba le litholoana (8%). Ha lefu le e etsahetse ka lekhetlo la pele trimester, le 5% ea bana ba ka 'nang eaba e be ea fapaneng congenital malformations (tsitsipana, shoele litho, rudimentary menoana, e sa tloaelehang ponahalo le litho tsa ka hare). Ha lefu le ka bobeli trimester le 2% bopengwi tsoaletsoe masea, le hoja le 'ngoe lefu Maemong a ka boraro trimester.

Empa ha 'mè oa kula le khoho pox ka matsatsi a mahlano pele ho pepa kapa pele ho feta matsatsi a mabeli ka mor'a hore ba be le chickenpox tsoa tsoaloa tsoela thata haholo, mohlomong a bile a bolaea batho.

Tepelletse maikutlong varicella-zoster, IgG, IgM le antibody tse ling

Pejana ho moo phumano ya "khoho pox" holisitsoe pono. Hona joale lingaka etsoa letoto la liteko ho fumana hore mofuta ofe kokoana-hloko ile a etsa hore lefu le se le eena ka 'mele o hlahisa lisireletsi. tlhathoba morao-rao e kenyeletsa:

• Tlotse tswa cavity molomo.
• A hlahloba mali ho bona hore mofuta oa kokoana-hloko.
• Analysis ea bubble exudate.
• Antibody teko sehlopha IgM, tse thehoa hoo e ka bang hang-hang ka mor'a hore ho qala ho ea lefu lena ka lymphocytes pele B, 'me mali a lemoha ka letsatsi 4th sa ho kula. Nakong e tlang, bakuli ba le hlahloba haeba lisireletsi ho tse ling lihlopha. Melemo ea IgG lisireletsi tse lieha-ho hōla, empa butle-butle le ho fokotseha ka mor'a hore ho nyamela ha matšoao a bonahalang a lefu le ho bola. Ke thepa ea bona e sebediswa bakeng sa fumanoe mefuta itseng ea mafu a sa foleng.

kalafo

Ka tloaelo ho, chickenpox bakuli sa sepetlele. Ntlo ba ho phehella tsela ea lithethefatsi antiviral ( "Acyclovir", "brivudine", "gerpevir"), ka bopaki ho laela antipyretics, antihistamines, le rashes tsohle netile ka pente e tala kapa fukortsinom. Ho ntlafatsa maloetseng Lingaka hape tlotloa ka livithamine le seratsoana.

'Mele li ne li entsoe kula bakeng sa bophelo bohle tsena lisireletsi ho kokoana-hloko varicella-zoster, tseo tse sireletsoang tloha reinfection. Ha e le hantle e ha e antibody sehlopha IgG, le hoja ba ka etsahala hore re be teng 'me sehlopha sa IgA, IgM. AT IgA boemo ba marotholi haholo ke khoeli 4th mor'a lefu lena. Ha e le hantle ba sireletsa lera la mucous le litho tse ka hare etsa 20% ea lisireletsi tsohle. IgM ya palo yohle immunoglobulin ke ho 10% le 75% IgG. Ba tsena feela khona ho fetisetsana ka placenta (leboha ho lona diseke ee boholo), le ho fana ka 'maloetseng ho lesea ka pōpelong.

mathata

Ho tloha ka mor'a chickenpox 'meleng ho batho tsena lisireletsi ho varicella-zoster kokoana-hloko IgG, ba o fumana bophelo bohle sireletsehile maloetseng ana. Mathata a ya lefu lena le ka bana ba tloaelehile ka ba tšoaetso, ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka mengoapo papules. A haholo fokolang bana ba lia khoneha mathata:

• serame sa matšoafo (matšoao a: khohlela, feberu, cyanosis tsa letlalo, bokhutšoanyane phefumoloho);
• Ho ruruha ha boko (matšoao a: hlooho e opang, feberu, tsitsipana, tahlehelo ea tšebelisano, ho nyekoa ke pelo);
• bursitis;
• ramatiki;
• thrombophlebitis.

Ho batho ba baholo, ka semelo sa chickenpox ka ba le:

• laryngitis;
• tracheitis;
• meningitis;
• ho ruruha ha boko;
• lefu la sebete;
• ramatiki;
• erysipelas;
• abscesses, cellulitis, streptoderma.

bakang Shingles ya

lefu lena le boetse le bitsoa "shingles." Varicella-zoster virus, hang qabeletsoeng 'meleng, tsoela pele ho phela ka latent (khathetseng moeeng) puso, methapo ea kutlo liseleng tse ka lesapo la mokokotlo thapo, ka cranial methapo ka ganglia (lihlopha tsa methapo ea kutlo) tsa tsamaiso ea methapo. Ha a ntse a itsireletse maloetseng ea motho e matla, ba ile ba lula ka lenyele 'me u se ke ua etsa hore mathata. Empa ha e le hang ha 'mele ho fokolisa, likokoana-hloko hang-hang e butswe. Ka lebaka leo, e ncha khoho pox ha se iketsahalle feela, empa e le motho tshimolotse tse ling lefu - shingles, supisa ho sehlopha sa maloetse a tsoaetsanoang, 'me lipontsuoa e bath lekhopho ka' mele.

mabaka a:

• re buoa, likotsi le ba bang maloetse, ho kopanyelletsa le tse hlobaetsang matšoafo tsoaetsanang, ntaramane;
• tšohile khatello ea kelello;
• empa mafutsana boleng lijo;
• ho sebetsa ka thata, hoa phuhlamanya 'mele;
• maemo a thusang mafutsana e phelang;
• lefu le sa foleng, e leng se ileng relapses;
• bokhachane;
• hypothermia;
• lekala transplantation;
• itseng meriana hore hatella boitshireletso ba mmele;
• botsofali.

le matšoao

Shingles hangata le hlaha ka batho ba baholo empa hape le ka bana ba fokola ba neng ba chickenpox, ho ka boela ho fumanoa hore o tšoeroe. matšoao a hae o ka sehloohong bonwang ke lekhopho la 'mele, ba haholo-holo sebakeng ho na le, moo likutu methapo ea kutlo. Le herpes haufi nko 'me ka molomo oa lefu lena le na letho ho se etsa, e le kokoana-hloko e' ngoe e bitsoang hore and analysis bontša. Kokoana-hloko ea varicella-zoster, ho lokoloha ho boloka bona ka cheke maloetseng, ho hlaha ho tswa lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo le ho e laela axons bona ho ditomotsebe tsa methapo ea kutlo. Finyella pakane, ho etsa hore tshwaetso letlalo. Matšoao a-precursors:

• mocheso;
• unexplained mokhathala, le malaise;
• ho hloka matla;
• nyamele takatso ea lijo;
• bohloko le ho hlohlona (ka linako tse ling tse sa tloaelehang tingling) naheng ea foqoha ha nakong e tlang.

Matšoao a ka tlhōrō ea lefu lena:

• lekhopho ka sebōpeho sa bubble le exudate sebeletsang pepeneneng;
• ruruha lisele tsa mmele nodes;
• neuralgic bohloko (e leng ka 'na ba bonolo kapa matla);
• mocheso ke phahameng ho feta sehlopheng tlaase;
• lipontšo tsa botahoa.

Ho kula nka ho tloha ka beke e le hore a ka khoeli.

Classification ke mofuta oa lekhopho

Varicella-zoster ka hlasela likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele,' me ka hona khetholla pakeng tsa mefuta eno ya shingles:

• Mahlo (a otla mahlo lekala ea methapo ea kutlo trigeminal ka hore e ka senya cornea). Talima ka eona bohloko mahlong, ho oa ha pono, le lekhopho ka litempele le ho pota mahlo.
• Ramsay Hunt lefu, (otla etsisa mesifa, rashes hlokometse ka molomo le kanale ea tsebe).
• Engine (myotomes hlolloa le dermatomes, bakuli ba tletleba ba utloe bohloko bo boholo ka ho mesifa ea leoto la forearm le).

Ho ea ka tsela ea lefu lena le khetholla mefuta ena:

• abortifacient (ntle le bohloko le lekhopho);
• cystic (lekhopho kgolo haholo);
• tsoa mali (mali a le teng ka bubble le exudate);
• Necrotic (papules etsahala hang-hang tsa letlalo necrosis);
• generalized (lekhopho hohle 'mele).

tlhathoba

shingles ea bongaka le pono pele lekhopho ke hangata e fositse bakeng appendicitis, angina, pleurisy le maloetse a mang. tsamaisa and analysis laboratori ea haeba ho hlokahala. Varicella-zoster utollot potlako tepelletse maikutlong, ha hoa lokela ho hlahloba tsela eo disampole tlasa microscope. Hape ho sebedisa immunofluorescence le mekhoa serological. Rarahaneng laboratori ea lithuto tsa etsoa maemong a latelang:

• Grudnichki-bakuli;
• bana immunodeficiency re;
• atypical herpes;
• rarahaneng tsela ea lefu lena.

Ka bana, tšoaetso le ka pōpelong, e fumanoa ka palo e kholo ea lisireletsi varicella-zoster lisireletsi IgG le IgM. Khethollo ea e etsoa ke PCR. itsoara joang ka sena hape thusa ho khetholla kokoana-hloko ka ho ba sieo ha le lekhopho ka letlalo le ho ba teng tsa lona ka litho tsa ka hare.

Phekolo ea herpes zoster

Haeba tlhahlobo e-positive - varicella-zoster lemohuoa ka 100% Kannete-nete. Ka mor'a moo, ngaka e tla fumana kalafo-tharabololo. Ke lokela ho bolela hore bacha ba shingles fetisa ntle lithethefatsi, empa o qenehela lijo le bethe phomolo. Meriana kgona lebelo hlaphoheloa le ho thibela lefu la mathata a, hammoho le ho tlosa bohloko le mocheso, haeba leha e le efe.

Antiviral balletsweng ke bakuli ba baholo ho feta 50 lilemo tse, haholo fokolisitsoeng, hlokofalitsoe mo ntša kotsi le ho buoa, mahlomola ho tswa maloetse a sa foleng, le bana. Atile lithethefatsi - ke "Acyclovir" "Famciclovir", "Valacyclovir", 'me har'a dipilisi ho "Ibuprofen", "Ketoprofen", "naproxen" le analogues. Hape ka bopaki balletsweng anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids. Ha le tšoaetso ea varicella-zoster leihlo le / kapa ba le mamello e ka kena sepetlele boko.

mathata

Ba 'nile ba tlaleha ho 28% hlaphoheloe shingles. Bakuli ba tletleba ba:

• thothofatsang Pono;
• utloeng sa tahlehelo;
• khafetsa le hlalosehe hlooho;
• ka boithatelo ho hlaha ho tsekela;
• 'mele soreness mor'a ho nyamela ha lekhopho le.

Bakeng sa ba bang bakuli ba ka 'na ba cardiac le / kapa renal insufficiency, phalla complication ea mafu oncological, bofofu, botholo, tshenyo boko le / kapa lesapo la mokokotlo khoele dinama tse nyenyane tse.

ente e Zostavax e reretsoe ka tsela e itseng e thibelang. katleho lona thehoa empirically, lekana le 50%.