Italy le indasteri lona botsayakarolo

Italy indasteri ke isang lefapha la tsa moruo oa naha. Kabelo ea mola ona bakeng sa ho feta 28% ya gdP moo. Ho feta moo, bonang! E sebedisa hoo e ka bang halofo ea batho bohle ba sebetsa. Ha a bua ka Setaliana sebopeho liindasteri tsa makala, ka nako eo ke 76% ke lefapha la ho etsa thepa.

le boenjiniere

Engineering indasteri ka Italy e nkoa e mong oa mafapha bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa le matla ya moruo. Morao tjena, litsi tsa lona ka sehloohong ba ne ba le Turin, Milan le Genoa. Hona joale, sebakeng sena nametse libakeng tse ling tsa naha. Joale, mehaho bohlokoa le boenjiniere ba sebakeng Florence, Venice, Bologna le Trieste. A a tsitsinkela senotlolo ea indasteri ea fetohile indasteri likoloi. Selemo le selemo, mmuso o hlahisa likoloi tse ka bang limilione tse peli, hammoho le palo e ngata ea bromfietsen, lithuthuthu le libaesekele. Karolo ea isang e bapaloang ke volkswagen amehoang ka tsona mona. ntlo-khōlō ea lona e teng ka Turin, le bokgoni ba ho hlahisoeng - hoo e ka bang libakeng tsohle tsa naha. Metse Lombard, Naples le Turin qala tlhahiso ea ho tsamaisa moea, ha a ntse indasteri shipbuilding ka Italy e concentrated Genoa, Livorno, La Spezia le Trieste.

tlhahiso ea motlakase

Selemo le selemo, mmuso o hlahisa ka limilione tse likete tse 190 kilowatt-lihora tsa motlakase. Hoo e ka bang 65% ea palo ena e ileng ea dimela mogote matla, tse teng ka ho fetisisa metseng e meholo. Ba sebetsa ka bobeli ba le bang 'me a ka thepa imported tala. Hanyenyane ea boraro ka tlase ho e 'ngoe ea motlakase e hlahisoang ka Alpine linōka haha fehlang motlakase. kabelo tsohle setseng oela holim 'a diporojeke tse di matla mefuta e meng. E le karolo ea thahasellisang ea indasteri ea ke hore boemo ba ha e sebetse, ha ho na le matla a nyutlelie dimela, e leng e ne e le lebaka la ho referantamo ea sechaba tšoaroa ka 1987.

indasteri ea oli e tala

Naheng ena ho na tlaase ka lirafshoa, ho akarelletsa le khauta le ntsho. Mona e hlahisoang ka bongata nyenyane (e leng kakaretso ea ba ka bang limilione tse 1,5 boima ba lithane tse ka selemo) ho Lombardy, Sicily, 'me ka raka, athe ea Leoatleng la Adriatic. Botsayakarolo ya jwalo liindasteri ka Italy, joalokaha ho hloekisoa imported thepa e tala, ha e thibele hore pele ba linaha tse ling tsa Europe Bophirimela ka meqolo. Ho fetisisa ea limela le hore sebetsa sebakeng seo, e concentrated libakeng tse koung. Ho mona hore boitsebiso tala tsoa Bochabela bo Hare, Russia le linaheng tse ling tsa North African. Leha ho le joalo, 'a letanta le pharaletseng tsa lipeipi likhoebo tse joalo li ka katleho ho sebetsa libakeng tse ling.

metallurgy

Ha ho na le mehloli e tsa lona tsa lihlahisoa tse tala le indasteri tšepe ka Italy. Ka ho tšoanang, e boletsoeng ka holimo a mesebetsi, ho pharalla e tsepame bohlokoa, kahoo likhoebo lona senotlolo ba concentrated sebakeng se haufi le likou tse khōlō. dimela Processing oa metallurgy ferrous mosebetsi haholo-holo metseng e meholo liindasteri, moo tšepe sephephechaneng bakoang ke lintho tse ngata tsa bohlokoa. Naheng neng ba qhibilihisa selemo le selemo tse ka bang 250 tse sekete tsa boima ba lithane aluminium le ka bang limilione tse 25 tsa boima ba lithane tšepe. Ba sekametseng lifektheri, tse haufi le mehlodi ya motlakase - Alpine fehlang motlakase dimela matla.

indasteri ea khanya

Hole se seholo ka ho fetisisa, empa e le ea bohlokoa haholo lekala ea moruo ea sechaba ke leseli la indasteri ka Italy. O emeloa, e le busa, lik'hamphani tse nyenyane hasana ho pholletsa le tšimong. Naha e se e le e mong oa baeta-pele ba lefatše ka bophahamo ba modumo ea tlhahiso ea masela a boea, ho fana ka sesupo ena feela ho China. Ka boemo bo phahameng ba ntshetsopeleng e lefapha Textile, mehaho tlhahiso ea ka sehloohong ba concentrated libakeng tse ka leboea - Piedmont le Lombardy. Sebakeng se ka leboea-bophirimela ea naha, tse kang Tuscany, Marche le Veneto, ke litsi tsa seeta, letlalo le seaparo indasteri. E 'ngoe ea libakeng tse' maloa hore ba tšoauoa ka kgolo ya kamehla, ke indasteri ea lijo e sebetsa ka bobedi ka bohlokoa le ka thepa ea eona e tala. Production bophahamo ba modumo e eketseha selemo le selemo ke karolelano ea 3%. Italy botsayakarolo indasteri sebakeng sena e haholo-holo tse amanang le tlhahiso ea oli ea mohloaare. Ka naha litlaleho tsa karolo ka 'ngoe e meraro sa ho lokolloa lona lefatšeng ka bophara.

indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale

Qalong, ho hlahisa lik'hemik'hale tse Italy hlahile ka naheng ea Lombardy. Sena se ka hlalosoa ka ho ha e le hantle hore ke mona joale Houses boholo ba lifeme le likhoebo e khethehileng tšimong ena ea mosebetsi. Indasteri ea sebetsang haholo-holo ka oli imported, phosphorites, selulose, sebabole le thepa e 'ngoe. Motseng oa Trieste ka leboea-ka bochabela ho peterolo botsayakarolo khobokellane, 'me ka boroa - k'hamphani e kopanela ho hlahisa manyolo matsoai. Machaba botsayakarolo Setaliana indasteri tšimong ea k'hemistri ke haholo-holo tse amanang le ho lokolloa ha polymers le ea likhole tse iketselitsoeng. Ka boemo ba batlang e phahameng ea ho hōla ke ho hlahisa lintho tsa moetlo inorganic - lik'hemik'hale, nitric le asiti sulfuric, chloride le caustic soda.

Sales ea lihlahisoa tsa indasteri e tsepame ho kopana le litlhoko tsa indasteri ea habo eona. Hammoho le karolong eo ea e romeloa linaheng tse ling ho ea United States 'me ho thoeng maraka tloaelehileng.

bofello

Sehlooho sena se ka indastering ea Setaliana ba ka bokhutšoanyane a hlalosa feela motheo ea indasteri lona. Libakeng tse ling tse ngata tsa mosebetsi ho tloha lilemong tse ka poso-ntoa, 'muso o le boetse le entse katlego e kgolo bohlokoa. Har'a bona ke tsa motlakase le thepa ea ka tlung indasteri, tlhahiso ea lintho botho, libetsa, 'me bioindustry.