Ho thatafala tsa tšepe. tšepe tafole thatafala

Likarolong le mekgwa ne thepa tsoarellang le e ka tšeptjoang e leng di entseng, o lokela ho etsa lintho tumellanong le maemo bo hlokehang bakeng sa mosebetsi. Ke ka lebaka leo e leng habohlokoa hore u laole melemo lumelleha thepa tsa bona tsa motheo tsa ho phetha molao feela. Ke thepa ya phetha molao ke thatafala, matla toughness, ductility. ho thatafala tsa tšepe - ka sehloohong mehaho characterization.

khopolo

The thatafala tsa tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, - ka thepa le mokhoa oa ho bōpa ho hanyetsa ka ho kenella ka hare ka le dikarolo tsa lona holim 'a' mele eo e sa a holofala kapa a timetsoe nakong pataganeng mojaro (intente). Bona hore ka morero oa ho:

• tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le tshebetso ya likarolo mehaho le bokgoni ho sebelisa mehaho;
• ho hlahloba nako bohato;
• taolo diphetho mocheso kalafo.

From palo ena karolo e 'ngoe e itšetlehileng ka matla holim'a le ho hanyetsa botsofali. Hlahloba le boitsebiso bo sa e tala 'me itokiselitse entsoeng likarolo.

ho ithuta dikgetho

Kofuto ke palo e bitswang palo ea thatafala. Ho na le tse fapa-fapaneng mekhoa ea ho lekanya ea thatafala tsa tšepe. Thuto ea nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa li akarelletsa ho sebelisa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea dipalelo le amanang indenters thatafala:

1. Brinell: molaetsa oa sethusathuto - intente Ball ka hlahlobisisa tšepe kapa intente motsoako bophara manolotsoeng le manolotsoeng morago ga moo e sa thuto ea lipalo phetha molao paramethara.
2. Rockwell: sebediswa bolo kapa taemane tapered keletso. boleng le o bonahala ka manakaneng kapa ikemiselitse Settlement.
3. Vickers: ea ka tekanyo e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa tsa thatafala tsa tšepe e le e pyramidal taemane ntlheng.

Ho na le mekhoa e khethehileng le litafole ho bona hore balayage pakeng tsa tshebetso parametric ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho lekanya bakeng sa lintho tse bonahalang tse e tšoanang.

Lintlha beha go lekanya fapaneng

Tlas'a maemo a laboratori le mefuta e fapaneng hlokahalang ya thepa, le ho khetha thuto e etsoa ho itšetleha ka litšobotsi tse itseng tsa workpiece e.

1. E boleng bontsha gore go ya paramethara phetha molao feela. Bakeng sa steels mehaho le thepa ka tlaase thatafala ho fihlela ho 450-650 HB Brinell mokhoa sebelisoa; bakeng sa sesebelisoa, steels motsoako le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng a mang - Rockwell; bakeng sa tverdosplavov - Vickers.
2. Litekanyo tsa disampole teko. likarolo haholo-holo tse nyenyane le tse tšesaane li hlahloba ke Vickers thatafala mohlahlobi.
3. The bokima jwa tšepe ka ntlha ea ho lekanya, ka ho khetheha, tiisa kapa nitrided lera.

All ditlhoko le ho latelwa le tlaleha GOST.

Features Brinell mokhoa

Thatafala liteko tsa tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng sebelisa Brinell thatafala mohlahlobi li tšoaroa ka likarolo tse latelang:

1. The indenter - bolo ea motsoako tšepe kapa tsa tungsten motsoako carbide ka bophara 1, 2, 2,5, 5 kapa a 10 limilimithara (GOST 3722-81).
2. Nako ee sa fetoleng boemo intente: bakeng sa tšepe le tšepe - 10-15 's ho lits'epe tse kopantsoeng bao e seng ferrous - 30, e boetse ke khoneha ka nako ya 60,' me ka linako tse ling - 120 le 180 ...
3. Boleng moeling oa entsprechen phetha molao: 450 HB ha lekanyang tšepe bolo; HB 650 ka ho sebedisa tverdosplava.
4. Khoneha mojaro. Ka thuso ea thepa e fuoa e fetola sebele lebotho la deformation ka sampole teko. Bona bonyane makgabane khoneha: 153,2, 187,5, 250 N; palo e kahodimodimo - 9807, 14710, 29420 H (GOST 23677-79).

Sebedisa mekhoa, ho itšetlehile ka bophara tlhophiweng la bolo 'me ke lintho tse bonahalang teko, e mong a ka a bale ngollana lumeletsoe ho mo qobella intente.

motsoako mofuta	Thuto ea lipalo palelelo mojaro
Tšepe, nikele le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng thaethaniamo	30D 2
tšepe lahleloa	2 10D, 30D 2
Koporo le koporo lits'epe tse kopantsoeng	2 5D, 10D 2, 30D 2
tšepe leseli le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng	2,5D 2, 2 5D, 10D 2, 15D 2
Loto, thini	1lets 2

MOHLALA litlotla:

400HB10 / 1500/20, moo 400HB - Brinell thatafala tsa tšepe le; 10 - Ball bophara, 10 limilimithara; 1500 - ee sa fetoleng boemo mojaro, 1500 kgs; 20 - ka nako ya intente 20.

Ho theha linomoro hantle ka tsela e atlehileng hlahloba sampole e tšoanang ka libaka tse 'maloa,' me e le ka lebaka kakaretso e laolwang ke ho fumana boleng karolelano ea fumaneng.

Boikemisetso ba mokhoa Brinell thatafala

Tsela ho etsa lipatlisiso ho akarelletsa ho sebelisa litlhahiso tse latelang:

1. Hlahloba dintlha tsa ea ka ho latelwa le ditlhoko le (GOST 9012-59, GOST 2789).
2. Hlahloba ya serviceability tsa sesebediswa.
3. Ho khetha e bolo li lakalitseng, boitsebiso ba etsa boiteko bo boholo ho khoneha, tlhomamiso ya thepa bakeng sa sebopeho nako ea eona ea intente ena.
4. Qalang thatafala le deformation ea disampole le.
5. Go lekanya phomotse bophara.
6. Bonahetseng manolotsoeng.

HB = F / A,

moo F - mojaro, kgs kapa H; A - условия: sebakeng, limilimithara ^2.

HB = (0,102 * F) / (π * D * h),

moo D - bophara tsa bolo, limilimithara; h - intente botebo, limilimithara.

Thatafala tšepe lekanngoa ka mokhoa ona o na le kamano e bonahetseng le manollo ea matla entsprechen. nepahetse mokhoa, haholo-holo bakeng sa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng le bonolo. Ke motheo ka beha melao ea boitšoaro ba litsamaiso tsa thepa ea ho phetha molao feela.

Features mekhoa Rockwell

Mokhoa ona oa ho go lekanya ile a qapa ka 20-ogy ea lekholo XX, gana fetang ea pejana. E sebediswa bakeng sa thepa e boima le ho feta. litšobotsi tse lona ka sehloohong (GOST 9013-59, GOST 23677-79):

1. Ho ba teng ha mojaro mathomo 10 lik'hilograma.
2. Pepesehela Nako: 10-60.
3. Moeli o ne o melemo ya litsupa khoneha: HRA: 20-88; HRB: 20-100; HRC: 20-70.
4. palo e visualized ka manakaneng thatafala, e ka boela ea balwa arithmetically.
5. Tekanyo e le indenter. Tsebahalang 11 sekala fapaneng ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa indenter le lebetsoeng le lumeletsoe mojaro ee sa fetoleng boemo. Tshebediso atileng ka ho fetisisa: A, B le C.

A: taemane tapered keletso tlhorong angle 120˚, lumelleha matla palo yohle ee sa fetoleng boemo litšusumetso - 60 kgf, HRA; ithutile lihlahisoa o motle, haholo-holo Noleggio.

C: jwalo ka taemane khoune, tse reretsoeng ho lebotho la palo e kahodimodimo ea 150 kgf, HRC, ke ho tshwanetseng bakeng sa thepa e tiileng le thatafetse.

B: bolo boholo ba 1,588 limilimithara, entsoe ka tiile lipelo tšepe kapa tsa thata motsoako carbide-tungsten, mojaro - 100 kgf, HRB, e sebediswa ho hlahloba ho thatafala tsa lihlahisoa annealed.

Blob-ntlheng (1.588 limilimithara) ke a loketse bakeng sa tekanyo e Rockwell B, F, G. E tekanyo e hape teng, H, K, e leng seo e sebediswa e le bolo bophara ba 3,175 limilimithara (GOST 9013-59).

palo ea disampole etsoang ke sebelisa Rockwell thatafala mohlahlobi sebakeng se le seng e felle feela ka ho le boholo ba lintho tseo. Reusable fatang sebakeng sa 3-4 ka bophara tsa deformation sebaka fetileng. The bokima jwa dihlahiswa teko le ho laoloa. E se ke ea ba le linako ka tlase ho 10 e ile ea eketseha ho kenella ka hare botebo ba ntlheng ena.

MOHLALA litlotla:

50HRC - tšepe Rockwell thatafala, lekanya sebelisa taemane ntlheng, palo ea eona e lekana le 50.

Plan lipatlisiso ka Rockwell tekanyo e

tšepe thatafala go lekanya e nolofalitsoeng fetang tshebetso bakeng sa Brinell.

1. Hlahlobo ya litekanyo le lintho tse khethollang holim workpiece.
2. Hlahloba ya serviceability tsa sesebediswa.
3. Boikemisetso ba keletso mofuta le bokgoni ba boima.
4. Kenya le sampole.
5. Tshebediso ya boiteko ba ka sehloohong ka lintho tse bonahalang tse, boholo ba 10 kgf.
6. Kenngwa tshebetsong ha ba etsa boiteko ba feletseng ho latelwa.
7. Ho bala le amohelwang ha manakaneng a nomoro ya tse tekanyo e sa.

Hape, hoa khoneha thuto ea lipalo le manolotsoeng e le hore ka tsela e nepahetseng beha paramethara phetha molao feela.

Tlas'a boemo ba sebelisa taemane khoune ho ba le mojaro oa kgf 60, kapa 150:

HR = 100 - ((HH) / 0,002;

ha a etsa teko ka bolo tlas'a matla a 100 kgf:

HR = 130 - ((HH) / 0,002,

moo h - botebo ba ho kenella ka hare tsa indenter ka matla a ka sehloohong ea kgf 10; H - ho kenella ka hare botebo ba indenter tlas'a mojaro feletseng; 0,002 - le palokatiso laolang palo ea motsamao oa keletso eo ka eona palo ea thatafala ka 1 unit trust.

Rockwell mokhoa o bonolo, empa e se hantle. Ka nako e tšoanang e lumella u ho lekanya phetha molao thepa ea tšepe ka thata le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng.

Dintlha tsa mokhoa Vickers

Boikemisetso ba thatafala la tšepe ke mokhoa ona ke ho fetisisa bonolo le e ka nepo. Thatafala o thehiloe intente ka sampole taemane pyramidal keletso.

Main Features:

1. The indenter: taemane phiramiti ka tlhorong angle 136 °.
2. Palo e kahodimodimo lumelleha mojaro: bakeng sa tšepe alloyed liheloe le tšepe - 5-100 kgf; bakeng sa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng koporo - 2.5-50 lik'hilograma; bakeng sa aluminium le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona - 1-100 kgf.
3. Pepesehela Nako ee sa fetoleng boemo mojaro: 10 ho 15 metsotsoana e.
4. thepa teko: tšepe le batho bao e seng ferrous tšepe le thatafala la 450-500 HB, ho akarelletsa sehlahisoa mora kalafo thermochemical.

MOHLALA litlotla:

700HV20 / 15,

moo 700HV - Vickers thatafala palo; 20 - mojaro 20 lik'hilograma; 15 - ka nako ya boiteko ba ee sa fetoleng boemo 15.

Tatelano ea thuto ea Vickers

Tsamaiso e feteletseng. tsela e bonolo.

1. Sheba sampole le thepa. hloko ka ho khetheha e leshwa ho lintlha tse qaqileng tsa holim'a metsi.
2. Khetha boiteko bo lumelleha.
3. Tlhomamiso ya lintho tse bonahalang teko.
4. Qalang ho thatafala ka mosebetsi oo.
5. Bala lebaka la manakaneng ena.

Thuto ea lipalo le manolotsoeng ke mokhoa ona e tjena:

HV = 1,8544 * (F / d: ^2),

moo F - Mojaro, kgf; le d - boleng karolelano ea bolelele ba diagonals tsa intente ka limilimithara.

E lumella hore o lekanya phahameng thatafala tšepe, tse tšesaane le tse nyenyane likarolo, ha ho fana ka phahameng nepahala ha lebaka le.

Mekhoa bakeng sa phetoho pakeng sekala sa

Ka mor'a ho beha bophara ya условия: ka thuso ea thepa e khethehileng, o ka sebelisa tafole ho beha thatafala. Tafole thatafala tšepe - bile mothusi ka manolotsoeng tsa paramethara phetha molao feela. Kahoo, haeba u tseba Brinell, ka habonolo fumana e loketseng ho tse palo Vickers kapa Rockwell.

Mehlala litekanyetso tse ling tse loketseng:

The bophara ba intente e, limilimithara	mokhoa ea phuputso
	Brinell	Rockwell			Vickers
		A	C	B
3,90	241	62,8	24,0	99,8	242
4,09	218	60,8	20,3	96,7	218
4,20	206	59,6	17,9	94,6	206
4,99	143	49,8	-	77,6	143

Tafole thatafala lirafshoa e thehiloe ya data liteko 'me o na le phahameng ka ho nepahala. Ho boetse ho na sa kerafo ya Brinell thatafala tsa k'habone dikahare ka motsoako tšepe-k'habone. Kahoo, ho latela dependencies joalo bakeng sa tšepe ho palo tsa carbon ka sebopeho lekanang 0,2% ho tšoana le ho 130 HB.

ho latsoa ditlhoko

Ho latela ditlhoko tsa baeti, likotoana teko lokela ho iphaphatha le litšobotsi tse latelang:

1. Kotulo e lokela ho ba le boreleli, le tiile ka thatafala tafole, metshetshe lona e lokela ho ba le boreleli 'me ka hloko sebetswa.
2. Holim tlameha ho ba le bonyane holim roughness. E lokela ho sanded le ho hloekisa, ho akarelletsa le ka thuso ea o hlophisitsoeng lik'hemik'hale. Ka nako, ka nako ya tshebetso machining, ke habohlokoa ho thibela sebopeho sa mosebetsi thatafatsa le ntlafatso ea sebetswa bethe mocheso.
3. karolong e ka ba lokela ho tšoanang le mokhoa kgethile ho beha thatafala thepa ea parametric.

Ho phetha seo a se hlokang ka sehloohong - E le hore ho nepahala.

ho thatafala tsa tšepe - ea bohlokoa ea motheo phetha molao thepa le khethollang ba bang ba litšobotsi mechine le theknoloji, sephetho sa dithulaganyo fetileng machining, sephetho sa lintlha nakoana, khoneha maemo ho sebelisa mehaho. Ho ithuta khetha mokhoa itšetlehile ka litšobotsi sampole e bontsha gore, entsprechen lona le lik'hemik'hale.