Ho batlisisa le ho itšetleha ya hatella mocheso - ha ho letho le e ka ba bonolo ...

Ho ithuta litšobotsi meleng khase eo

Histori ea sibolloa saense hangata e qala ka 'nete ea hore "e nepahetseng" motho sebakeng se nepahetseng ka nako e nepahetseng. Sena ke se ileng sa etsahala ka ho ithuta likhase. French sa fisiks, k'hemistri, moenjiniere Serge Charles o ile a thahasella ka ho aeronautics. Tabeng ena, ho ne ho hlokahala hore a ithute ho itšetleha la khatello ka mocheso moea. Ke 'nete hore mocheso haesale le sesebelisoa sa pele sa bafuputsi ba. Leha ho le joalo, motho ea matla, bonolo ho laola mohloli oa matla le kamehla ka letsohong. Kofuto ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo ka tsebo haesale ho lejoe le hlahlobang ba "hantle, hantle, a re ke re bone hore na ho tla etsahala'ng ha ke nahanela futhumatsa, 'me haeba u eketsa ..." joalo-joalo

Le ke eng e le e thahasellisang ho fumana Charles ka likhase? Re tswela pele ka diphuputso hao. Nka tube khalase, ka lehlakoreng le leng ho tla koala ka thata-thata, 'me u lokisetse ka hare e piston eo li-slide hammoho tube, le. Next seta mocheso mohloding - lebone joala tloaelehileng - le hlomella laboratori ea rona bencheng mechine e lekanyang mocheso le tlas'a khatello e itseng - e ne e ka mocheso ho itšetleha la khatello re tlil'o hlahloba. Kahoo a re qala ...

Re na le mekhoa e itseng ea chelete ea khase ka molumo potapotoeng tlaase silindara le piston. Lokisa piston podogreem joala lebone le khase teko. Re ngola palo ea khatello e makgabane Pn le TN khase mocheso. Ka ho hlahloba ya data a fumana, re bone hore ntho eu bakelang khatello ho itšetleha ya mocheso ke tekanyo e lekanang ya mofuta - eketseha le ho eketseha mocheso le tlas'a khatello e itseng. Hlokomela hore piston e tlas'a likhatello fapaneng: kantle - ke sepakapakeng, 'me ka hare e - ho tloha khase e chesang. Bakeng sa teko e latelang e tla tlosa piston retainer 'me le bone hore piston susumelletsa ho equalization khatello. Empa e tla fetola tjhelete ya khase, le eo ue (boima) o ile a lula e le 'ngoe. Re etsa qeto ea hore o ile a fumana Charles: boima kamehla le bophahamo ba modumo ea khatello ea khase e kotloloho tekanyo e lekanang ya ho mocheso - e bonolo le e tasteful.

Ka mantsoe a mang, ka bophahamo ba modumo ea kamehla, eketseha khatello ka futhumatsang, le ka khatello ea kamehla nakoana futhumatsang palo ea eketseha. Bakeng sa ballooning e ne e bolela hore nakong ea futhumatsang moea tloha boapeelo, ho atolosa le bophahamo ba modumo ea eketseha eona, 'me bophahamo ba modumo ea boemong ba - ha ho. Ka lebaka leo, moea feteletseng siea bolo le ka hare ho e moea le boima ka tlase ho le boima ba molumo o tšoanang oa moea ho tswa ho ka ntle. Mello molao-motheo Archimedes ', le bolo ho letho ho se etsa empa ho fofa ho thabisa bamameli.

Leha ho le joalo, ho mphumanang fetisisa ka tsela e hlollang ke hore ntho eu bakelang khatello P le mocheso T tse amanang ka ho P1 / T1 = P2 / T2 = .... = Pn / TN = CONST. E ka hlalosoa ka tsela e fapaneng: P = bzlmeet * T, moo K - e mosa ea khase kamehla. Haeba re sebelisa likamano tsena ho makgabane mocheso motho, khatello le bophahamo ba modumo, o ka fumana e lulang li tsebahala haholo. Ka mohlala, bophahamo ba modumo ea khase e eketsehile nakong ea futhumatsang ka lengolo la 1 ho ea ho 1/273 ya boleng le ka lekhetlo la pele.

Ya e le hantle, thahasello e khōlō ke khatello ea ho itšetleha ya dintho e ka mocheso oa mohato phetoho, ka mohlala, mokelikeli ho khase. The ntho e haufi-ufi tsa lithuto tsa mofuta ona ke metsi. Thehoa ka holimo le mouoane ea metsi ke lebaka la phetoho ea palo e itseng ea limolek'hule metsi ho tswa tikoloho kantle. Ena e sitisoa ke lintho tse peli - mabotho la tsitsipano holim'a le ho hatelloa ke kantle. Hlōla ka kgona feela limolek'hule le lekaneng bokgoni ba eneji, le - mocheso lekanang. Ho na le tse peli tse litsela tsa ho finyella bokgoni ba ena: ho ka etsahala ho eketsa matla a limolek'hule metsi ke futhumatsang kapa fokotswa ho hanyetsa khatello ea kantle. The mokhoa pele se tiisoa ke 'nete ea tsebahalang - metsi halefile e pshang kateng ka potlako,' me ea bobeli - ho fokotsa matla monyako limolek'hule siea "motsoali oa" tikoloho.

A re ke re khutlele ho sehela rona laboratoring. Sebaka ka tlase piston e tlala metsi, feela e nyenyane, feela 20-40 g, Hlokomela hore ho piston lokela susumelletsa ka bolokolohi, 'me tsamaiso ea lokela ho faulted belofo. Haeba metsi ke halefile, metsi mouoane thehoa tla jarisa piston le lokolla ka boeona "sebaka ka letsatsi." Sebaka ka holimo piston ho ka amanang ho phepelo ea moea le khatello ea polygonal, ho etsa mohlala, beha ya bobedi piston molamu ka letsoho tsa laoleha. Hona joale ho ke ke ho bonolo ho fuputsa mocheso ho itšetleha la khatello mouoane. Hatela le piston le molamu, a fetola khatello Link ho piston pele. ya data lipakeng lokisa. Ka nepo o tla hapa mocheso mouoane nakong tsitsitseng, i.e. sa fetohe, bonyane ka bokhutšoanyane, moelelo. Haeba re hlokomoloha mocheso phapanyetsano le tikoloho, boitšoaro ba para ke se fapane haholo le boitšoaro ba e khase loketseng.

Ho thahasellisang ke hore, esita le ka e joalo e seta khale ka ho ketekoa ho itšetleha phehile ntlha la khatello. Hopola hore e bitswang phetoho phehile mokelikeli ho mouoane ka sebopeho sa woman take bubble ho pholletsa le bophahamo ba modumo metsi. Ka tsela eo lokisa lethopa habonolo haholo. Mona hape le eketseha, khatello ea mokelikeli belang e eketseha mocheso, 'me ka hona, ho ke ke ho le bonolo ho uninitiated ho bontša ho makatse qhekella - phehile metsi ka e mocheso oa 80 feela likhato Celsius kapa ho bonahala eka ho fapana le ho sebelisa kelello, ho feta e tšoanang likhato 110 Celsius.

Ke hobane ka mor'a ho etsa lipatlisiso ka boitšoaro ba khase, mouoane ha a pepesa ho futhumatsa mehloli ka taba ena, qetellong, 'me dienjini tse fapa-fapaneng mocheso li bōpiloe: enjene ea mashala, nkehang habobebe enjene, enjene, le ka hare combustion e engine. Le tse seng kae tseba hore pele ea hlahetseng har'a bona, ya e le hantle, e lokela ho nkoa e le balune.