Expressionism ka 'mino - e ... Expressionism ka' mino ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo

Ka kotara ea pele ea lekholo la lilemo la mashome a mabeli ka har'a lingoliloeng tsa, bonono bonwang, filimi le 'mino, e le ncha, bo fapaneng maikutlo a classic ka tataiso pōpo, a phatlalatsa morero o ka sehloohong oa bonono polelo e reng ea lefatše subjective hara motho. Expressionism ka 'mino - ena ke o mong oa e phallang ka ho fetisisa bakang khang li bile li rarahane.

Ho tlile joang hore expressionism

Expressionism hlaha a ba a e ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa o ile a bontša ka boeona e ka setso sa Austria le Jeremane. Ka 1905 ho Dresden ka Faculty tsa Technical Phahameng School lesakaneng ho ile ha thehoa ka ho liithuti, e neng e bitsoa "The Bridge". barupeluoa ba eona e ne e E. Nolde, Klee, P., M. Pihshteyn E. Kirchner. Ka mor'a nakoana ba ne ho ikamahantseng ke Jeremane baetsi ba litšoantšo le tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho kopanyelletsa le tse bajaki ho tloha Russia. Hamorao, ka 1911, Munich e na le e 'ngoe hape mokgatlo - the "Blue Mopalami", eo Kandinsky, P. Klee, Mark F., L. Feininger.

Ho didikadikwe tsena e ile ea fetoha progenitors tsa tataiso bonono, ka mor'a moo o ile a qala ho hlaha ka litloaelano dingolwa, limakasine hatisitsoeng ka Berlin ( "The ke Sefefo se Matla", "Storm", "Action"), ho na le e ne e le mokhoa ho lingoliloeng le 'mino.

Ho lumeloa hore lentsoe "Expressionism" o ne a le qapiloe ka 1910 ke rahistori oa Czech Republic A. Mateychekom. Empa nako e telele pele ho moo, ho elella bo15 - mathoasong a lekholo la bo16 la lilemo le makholo a lilemo, e Spain moetsi oa litšoantšo El Greco le Matthias Grünewald tsoang Jeremane e na le se a ntse a sebelisitseng mokhoa oa sohle se matleng a phahamisoa le maikutlo a hae mosebetsi. A Expressionists ea mashome a mabeli lekholong la lilemo la qala ho ba le ba inke bona balateli ba le, e thehiloeng ka mesebetsi Fridriha Nitsshe (treatise "Ho Tsoaloa ha Tlokotsi") a sa utloahale ( "Dionysian") e le qalo ea bonono, re ile ra qala ho ntshetsa pele bokgoni tataiso ea pherekano ea maikutlo le litsela tsa ho hlahisa maikutlo ka bonono.

expressionism ke eng

Ho lumeloa hore Expressionism ile ha hlaha ho tswa ho liphetoho a bohloko le rarahaneng ea e tlameletswe dikelellong tsa batho ho masetla-pelo a tsoelo-pele ea kajeno, tse kang ntoa ea (Pele World), e leng mokhatlo oa Revolutionary. Tšabo, pherekano, ho tšoenyeha, ho utloa bohloko, holofala tlameletswe dikelellong - tsohle ena ha e fane ka baetsi ba litšoantšo ba lemoha lefatše e hlaphohileng. 'Me joale hlahisa ka molao-motheo o mocha, e leng ho feletseng hana naturalism le aesthetics tlholeho melokong fetileng tsa bakeli.

Aesthetics tsa Expressionism ka lingoliloeng, ho penta le 'mino e thehiloeng pontšo ea maikutlo a subjective, a li bontša monna oa lefatše ka hare. E ba ea bohlokoa ho feta setšoantšo, le pontšo ea maikutlo (bohloko, ho tleroha, Horror). Mosebetsing oa ho etsa mosebetsi oo e sa le laoloa ke ho ikatisa sa ntho ea sebele, 'me ho fetiswa ha liphihlelo tse amanang le eona. Ka mafolofolo sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ya a sebelisa poleloana e reng - e ho feteletsa taba, e rarahaneng kapa simplification, koala.

Expressionism ka 'mino - ke eng see?

Baqapi ba kamehla aspired ho e ncha le e sa tsejoeng. Ka leha e le efe ea eras ba ne ba libini ba neng ba le "ho fihlela ho letsatsi", le tlas'a tšusumetso ea mekhoa e ntjha ya bonono tutuboloha 'me ba qapa tsela ea bona ka ho bolela' mino ba ho hlahisa maikutlo.

Expressionism ka 'mino - ka "psychogram moea oa motho." Kahoo re: Jeremane rafilosofi Theodor Adorno. Leha e le efe ea ka neano, e khale mefuta e meng ea 'mino sebopeho, tonality le tse ling ka puo ea khale lithibelo mekhoa (Classicism, Romanticism, Rococo) Expressionism ka' mino eboyi e le oa eona o ka sehloohong tsobotsi.

Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa poleloana ena,

• Tekanyo feteletseng dissonance tumellanong.
• Ho hloka kutloisiso ea boholo le morethetho khale 'mino.
• Intermittence, sharpness, robehileng melodic mola.
• Sharp le nonstandard tšoaneng le chord.
• Sa tsitsang 'mino sefutho sharply le ka tšohanyetso.
• Ho haella ha tekanyetso mokgwa wa kgolo-tse nyenyane - atonality.
• Ho fetola lentsoe karaoke le sekgoeng.
• Tlosa ho bina puo, hoesheletsa, mohoo.
• Kamehla le e sa tloaelehang le medumo ka morethetho ena.

Expressionism ka 'mino ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo

Ho hlaha ha le lecha tataiso mino qalong ea XX lekholong la lilemo la akambi ho matla phetoho ka khopolo ea ho eona. Expressionism ka 'mino - ena ke ho tloha ho tswa ho foromo classic ya sehlahiswa, boholo, tonalities le e lumellanang. mekhoa ena e ncha ba ho hlahisa maikutlo e le atonality (lero la sea utloahala kapa che classic mokgwa wa kgolo-tse nyenyane), dodecaphony (a motsoako oa melumo e leshome le metso e), mekhoa e ncha ho bina mesebetsing ea lentsoe (puo, ho bina, Whispering, hooa), ba etsa hore ka monyetla oa ho ho feta ka ho toba "ba hae moea oa ho hlahisa maikutlo "(Adorno).

Khopolo ea expressionism mino lekholong la mashome a mabeli ka lebaka la ho Viennese School Second (Viennese) 'me lebitso la e Austria moqapi Arnold Schoenberg. Ka lilemo tse leshome pele le la bobeli ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli, Schoenberg le barutoana ba hae alban reggae gone ragga Berg le Anton Webern rala metheo bakeng sa tataiso le ngolla 'maloa tsa mesebetsi ea ka mokhoa o motjha. Hape ka 1910 o ile a bōpa mesebetsi ea hae e nang le tšekamelo ea ho Impressionism baqapi joalo:

• Paul Hindemith.
• Igor Stravinsky.
• Bela Bartok.
• Ernst Krenek.

New mino o ile a etsa hore sefefo maikutlo le leqhubu la nyatsuoa har'a sechaba. Tse ngata ho nahanoa expressionist mino baqapi tšosang le tšosang, empa a sa ntse a fumanoa ho eona ka botebo itseng, ba ngangella thato le mysticism.

maikutlo

Expressionism ka 'mino baqapi fumanoang ka e khanyang le a hlobaetsang le boiphihlelo subjective, maikutlo a ba motho a le mong. Dihlooho tsa ho jeoa ke bolutu, ho tepella maikutlo, pherekano, tšabo, bohloko bohloko bo boholo, 'me ho nyahama - hore' s ea ntho e ka sehloohong eo libini batla ho ntša maikutlo a ka mesebetsi ea bona. Lentsoe intonation, ha ho na lipina, litemana dissonant, tlolela bohale le discordant, tsekoloha morethetho le sefutho, kamehla le medumo, ea alternation ea likarolo tsa matla le ba fokolang, bao e seng maemo a tshebediso ya lisebelisoa (ka ba le ngolise nontraditional ka libini unconventional) - kaofela ha likhopolo tsena li bōpiloe ho hlalosa maikutlo a le tshenolo ya moea moqapi oa.

Baqapi - Expressionists

Baemeli ba expressionism ka 'mino - ke ho re:

• Arnold Schoenberg (pina potoloho "Pierrot Lunaire," monodrama "Ho letela", cantata "A Pholohileng Litlhaselo tsa Warsaw", opera "Moshe le Arone," "zanes ho Napoleon").

• Ernst Krenek (Opera "Orfeo Euridice" Opera "Johnny strumming").

• Bela Bartok ( "Sonata", "Pele Piano Concerto", "Boraro Piano Concerto", " 'Mino bakeng sa liletsa tse likhoele, Percussion le Celesta", "The Rite ea Selemo", "The ka mohlolo Semandarine" le mesebetsi e meng).

• Paul Hindemith (e mong-ketso Opera " 'molai, Hope Basali", piano ya suite e "1922").

• Igor Stravinsky ( "Renard", "The Wedding", "The Nightingale," "The Firebird," "Petrushka" le mesebetsing e tse ling tse ngata).

• Gustav Mahler (haholo-holo mesebetsi hamorao, "Pina ea Lefatše" le felang leshome Symphony).

• Alban reggae Berg ( "Wozzeck" Opera).

• Anton Webern (a mahlano Orchestral likoto, khoele Trio, "Mohalaleli oa Holies", kontata "Light mahlo").

• Richard Strauss (opera "Elektra" le "Salome").

Kamoreng e 'mino ka mokhoa oa expressionism

Kahoo, ho ile ha etsahala hore ba sekolong Schoenberg e tloha ka motheo liforomo symphonic, 'me e ka tšoauoa expressionism ka' mino. Litšoantšo tsa 'mino phaposing (bakeng sa e le' ngoe seletsa, duets, quartet kapa quintets le liletsa tse nyenyane) ka mokhoa ona ke tse ling tse ngata tloaelehileng. Schoenberg lumetse hore hae qaptjoa - atonality - ha e sa ho loketse hantle le mesebetsi ea moholohali le widescreen.

Viennese School - ke tlhaloso fapaneng ea 'mino le. Pherekano, moea, le lecha kutloisiso ea 'nete ea bophelo bo se nang embellishment le lemalla ntho e itseng li fetohile tse tsebahalang motheong oa bonono polelo e reng. Ho timetsoa ha melodic qaptjoa fapaneng molumo - fetohela le pono e tloaelehileng ea bonono - kamehla tsosa khalefo har'a bahlahlobisisi le litsekong. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha sea ka sa thibela Second Viennese baqapi ho fumana ho amohela lefatšeng ka bophara 'me palo e khōlō ea bamameli.