Dienjini sethuthuthu: sesebediswa, molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa, tobileng botekgeniki

bakhanni ba novice ka linako tse ling ba nahana hore tšobotsi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, e leng lithuthuthu dienjini - ke palo ea horsepower, le lumela hore setsing sa tla u tsamaela hantle, empa ho ba le matla a fetang lekholo mabotho. Leha ho le joalo, ntle ho palo ena, ho na le litšobotsi tse ngata tse amang maemo a mosebetsi ya metsamao ya.

Types of dienjini sethuthuthu

Ho na le tse peli tse-leqeba le mane leqeba dienjini, molao-motheo oa e batla e fapaneng.

theha palo e fapaneng ya diselennere ka lithuthuthu.

Ho phaella ho enjene letsoalloa carbureted, o ka hangata fumana diyuniti ente. 'Me haeba mofuta oa pele oa lithuthuthu sebelisoa ho lokisa ipotse, le mafura a-tshelwa enjene le tsamaiso e tobileng ente ho lokisa matsoho a bona e se e mathata. E nako e telele e ho hlahisa libaesekele disele le esita le e dilenaneo motlakase. Sehlooho seo se tla tšohloa litšobotsi tsa enjene mofuta sethuthuthu carburetor.

E le enjene e mathang

The diselennere ya enjene mogote eneji, le ea mafura e tukang e fetoloa mosebetsi ho phetha molao feela. The fallisetseng ka lebaka la ho khase khatello ea piston a dikologela e crankshaft ka tsela e mochine crank. mochine ena e na le crankshaft e, o tlohang molamu, piston masale, piston Pinów, silindara.

Ho se tšoane ha sebopeho lebisa mosebetsi fapaneng two- le enjene mane setorouku.

enjene e mene setorouku

Motors joalo na le boikarabelo ba potoloho ba bane leqeba piston le liphetohelo tse peli tsa crankshaft ena. Driving dilenaneo sesebediswa bontša piston hare combustion e enjene le balayage lona.

1. Ha lesoba piston ea theohang ho tloha ntlha holimo bafu, anyang motsoako ka belofo bulehileng.

2. Nakong compression piston nyoloha ho tloha botebong setsi sa bafu, compress motsoako.

3. Ka ho sebetsa nakong ea motsoako, hang hotetsa ke chesa motlakase tlhase le likhase tse e susumelletsa ho theosa le piston.

4. Ha ho lokolloa ka piston, ts'ehetsana, pushing ho qeta monono likhase na ka bulehileng belofo qeta monono. Ha ba ile ba boela fihla holimo bohareng bafu, ba phunyang qeta monono ke koetsoeng, le tsohle e pheta hape.

Chetyrehtaktnikov menyetla di:

• tšepahala;

• bokgoni;

• tlase kotsi ho qeta monono;

• hanyane lerata;

• oli sa pele mokgwa oo kopantsweng le peterole.

Moralo oa mofuta ona e ka bontša latelang dilenaneo potoloho.

enjene e 'meli-ke seterouku

Moqolo oa mofuta ona wa enjene sethuthuthu, hangata ka tlaase ho moo, 'me mosebetsi potoloho o phetohelo e' ngoe. Ho phaella moo, ho na le ha ho noa le ho qeta monono di-valve. mosebetsi ona reproduces ea piston ka boeona, eo e qala le ho koala ka metjha e le fensetere ka cylindrical seiponeng. Carter le boetse le sebelisoa bakeng sa phapanyetsano khase.

Melemo ea enjene ena ke:

• le bophahamo ba modumo o tšoanang oa ho silindara le ho na le bokgoni ba hore feta chetyrehtaktnik makhetlo 1.5-1.8;

• Ho na le ha ho na camshaft le phunyang le;

• ho etsa thepa theko e tlaase.

Diselennere le balayage ho eona

The balayage ea e mong le dilenaneo tse ling le hlaha ka silindara sa.

piston e susumetsoa ke cylindrical seiponeng kapa kenyeletswa sleeve. Haeba moea tsidifatso sebetsa, le likhopo cylindrical na hempe e, ha a ntse Cooling metsi - the cavity hare.

The crankshaft dessyecik molamu o tlohang fumaneng piston mokhatlo oa, ho fetola hore e be ba chenchana, 'me joale fetisetsa phetiso torque. Hape ho tloha qalong ho sebetsa hae khase kabo mochine, pompo, jenereithara le ho leka-lekana shafts. The crankshaft nang le 'ngoe kapa lengole ho feta ho itšetlehile ka palo ea diselennere.

Ka enjene mane setorouku, silindara e molemo tletse motsoako lesoba qala pele piston fihla holimo bohareng shoeleng le e qetella ka mor'a feta tlase setsi shoele.

Tlhoekiso e qala pele fihla tlase setsi sa bafu, 'me likhase qeta monono a lelekoa nakong ea piston mokhatlo oa ikutloeleng ntlha holimo shoele. Ka mor'a moo, belofo qeta monono koala ho likhase tsamaea silindara sa.

Ka dilenaneo ea mofuta ona, e latelang mefuta ya nako :

• OHV;

• OHC;

• DOHC.

Ka mofuta ea bobeli e na le nomoro ya bonyane likarolo, e le hore crankshaft ka potoloha ka lebelo. Ka lebaka leo, DOHC se tšoanelang ho feta tloaelehileng.

Mane lichapo na le sebopeho rarahaneng ho feta ka ho ipapisa le ba babeli-setorouku, ha ba ntse ba ba le tsamaiso e khopo setlolo le mochine khase kabo e le sieo ka e 'meli-ke seterouku. Leha ho le joalo, ba 'nile ba ho pharaletseng jala ka lebaka la ho tshusumetso litšenyehelo le ka tlase tse kotsi ka tikoloho.

Sethuthuthu dienjini hangata e ba one-, two- le tse 'nè-silindara. Empa ho na le diyuniti le tse tharo, a tšeletseng le tse leshome diselennere. diselennere ba ka-line le - longitudinal kapa ho parola, tsekaletse a hanyetsa, V e bōpehileng joaloka le L-hare. Moqolo oa ho sebetsa ba dienjini hangata na ho feta feta a le mong le limithara tse dikhubu milione le halofo ea lithuthuthu tsena. Engine matla - ho tloha lekholo mashome a mahlano ho tse lekholo le mashome a robeli horsepower.

oli enjene

Setlolo e hlokahala e le hore ho qoba khohlano leha e le efe ka tsela e feteletseng pakeng tsa likarolo engine. E o ile a hlokomela ka oli dilenaneo, ho ba le mohaho o manganga ho tloha kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a ho thempereichara e phahameng le e tlase e tiileng e qamathelang ka lebelo le tlaase. Ho phaella moo, ha ba etsa mobung tse se mabifi ho polasetiki le rabara likarolo.

Oli ke matsoai, seka-maiketsetso le maiketsetso. Seka-synthetics le synthetics ke bitsa chelete e ngata ho feta, empa mefuta tsena khetha ho feta, kaha ho lumeloa hore ba bohlokoa ho feta bakeng sa enjene. Batho ba babeli-leqeba le chetyrehtaktnikov sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ya oli. ba boetse ba fapana ka tekanyo e sa boosting.

The "metsi" 'me "o omileng" sump

Ka mane leqeba dienjini sebelisoa ka litsela tse tharo phepelo ea oli:

• suthela;

• fafatse;

• Phepelo khatello.

Boholo ba khohlano lipara tse lubricated le tlas'a khatello e tsoang ho pompa oli. Empa ho na le boetse ho na le tseo tse lubricated ka oli moholi, thehoa ka lebaka la fafatsa e crank mochine, hammoho le likarolo tseo oli phallang ka metjha e le gutters. Ka tsela eo sump o sebeletsa e le pokello ea. E bitsoa tabeng ena, e leng "metsi".

Ka lithuthuthu tse ling, tsamaiso ea "omileng" crankcase moo karolo e 'ngoe ea oli e pumped ka koloing,' me e mong e fepa tlas'a khatello ea ho libakeng tse khohlano.

Ka duhtaktnikah setlolo oli le hlaha e ka mouoane mafura. Ho e tsoakiloeng le peterole esale pele, kapa phala lesoba e fuoa ke ya dosing pompo. Ena le pono ea ho qetela e bitsoang 'ikhethile setlolo tsamaiso e khopo. " Ke haholo-holo atileng dienjini e tsoang linaheng tse ling. Russia, tsamaiso ea kena ka enjene ea sethuthuthu "IZH Planet 5" 'me "ZiD 200 Courier".

tsamaiso e khopo tsidifatso

Ha mafura e combusted ka enjene, mocheso e hlahisoa, ho tloha eo hoo e ka bang mashome a mararo a metso e mehlano ba etsang liphesente tse eang mosebetsi le thuso 'me ba bang kaofela ba se matahoa a sa itlhompheng. Ka nako e tšoanang, haeba ho etsa joalo ke likarolo sebetse hantle ka moqomo overheating, tseo ho ka etsa hore jamming le ho senya. Ho sena ha sea ka sa etsahala, tsamaiso Cooling e sebediswa, e leng moea le mokelikeli, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa engine.

Air Cooling System

Karolong ena, tsamaiso ea folisoa ke moea oncoming. Ka linako tse ling bakeng sa tshebetso ho fetisisa ya hlooho silindara etsa hore ho ribbed. Ka linako tse ling o qobelloang Cooling fene sebelisa ho phetha molao feela kapa motlakase. Ka chetyrehtaktnikov hape ka ho feletseng folisoa oli, e leng seo holim 'a kenapa e eketsehileng le ho theha radiators khethehileng.

tsamaiso e khopo mokelikeli tsidifatso

Khetho e tšoanang le hlomamisa ka likoloi. Mona ke setsidifatsi antifreeze, e leng tlase freezing (tloswa mashome a mane ho tloswa likhato tse mashome a tšeletseng Celsius) le tse phahameng-e belang (lekholo mashome a mararo ho tloha mashome a mabeli lekholo ho 'ngoe likhato Celsius). Ho phaella moo, antifreeze le anticorrosion fihlellwa ethylene bottom sebediswa. metsi e ba a hloekileng e le joalo a ke ke a sebediswa.

Overheating ea tsamaiso Cooling a ka bakoa ke ho overload kapa silafatsoa tsa bokaholimo, e leng lero mocheso. Hape, ea motheo ka bomong ka roba ka ho eona, ka lebaka la tseo mokelikeli e phallang ho tsoa. Ka lebaka leo, tsidifatso ea mosebetsi e lokela ho lula a leihlo.

tsamaiso e khopo phepelo

E le mafura a sebelisoang bakeng sa sethuthuthu carburetor peterole octane palo e seng ka tlase ho 93.

sethuthuthu dienjini na tsamaiso ea phepelo matla, e akarelletsang tanka mafura, e phunyang, le filthara, moea filthara le carburetor. Peterole bolokoa tanka, e leng maemong a mangata e mounted ka holimo enjene ho carburettor ka matla a khoheli phallo. Maemong a mang, ho ka ba teng le pompo e khethehileng kapa ka vacuum cleaner actuator. Ea bobeli e ka fumanoa ka tse peli-ke seterouku.

The tanka mafura na le sekwahelo le a qalang khethehileng, moo moea o kena. Ka lithuthuthu tse ngata linaheng tse ling, leha ho le joalo, moea o feta ka matamo oa mashala. 'Me ba bang ba ka loko sekoahelo.

Ka lebaka la mafura a mokōkō o thibeloa ho dutlang mafura.

Ka moea filthara moeeng kena carburetor. The filtara e ea mefuta e meraro.

1. The diseke ee-oli mofuta moea kena bohareng, retelehela ka likhato tse 180 'me le fetisa ka filtara. Ka tsela eo e hleka ka ho retelehela ho phalla moo likaroloana boima lula oli. Kahoo filtara e fana le sethuthuthu enjene "Ural" le "Iz". Leha ho le joalo, linaheng tse ling ho sebelisa mefuta e meng ea pampiri le bubble.

2. Pampiri-filter tse lahloang. Ba lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ka seng le se seng tokiso.

3. filter bubble di reusable - ba ka hlatsoa le ho botjha oli e ngata.

Lipapali lithuthuthu, eo ho eona 250 cc ya enjene le ka holimo kajeno na le tsamaiso ea ho thoeng ke "ho noa ka ho toba" le hlaha ha moea ho noa ka pele cowl, ka tsela eo ho tlatsa ka silindara ka lebelo le phahameng e ile ea eketseha.

Carburetor le mefuta e tsa lona

sethusathuto ena lokisetsa le aba moea-mafura motsoako, e leng, ka mor'a ho kena silindara sa. carburetors morao-rao le tsa mefuta e meraro:

• spool;

• tsoelang pele ho hlapholla;

• ngodisa.

Motors tsohle tse ruuoang le dilenaneo sethuthuthu "Ural" na le spool carburetors. Kantle feela ke "Ural-East", leo carburetor kamehla lephaka.

The spool carburettor throttle Lever amanang ho leakage radiation e. Ka ho pepesehela e laoloa ke moea kena enjene. Le li-slide belofo amanang khoune nale e kenyelelitsoe monei le. Ha ho fetola motsoako o ntlafatsa kapa ha mo qeta. Mounted ka sefofane sa jete spray sethunya mafura. Le ka thepa ea motheo e tsohle etsang tsamaiso dosing.

Ka carburetors kamehla hlapholla throttle mokhatlo oa e fetisoa throttle hore ke haufi le tsoa ea carburetor ena. Moea ka kamoreng e ka holimo ka ho laola piston le sebedisana ka le carburetor kopanya kamoreng. Gore e tle e fellang kateng le hore motsamao oa spool ke lekanyetsoa underpressure ka pampitšana ea ho noa.

Ngodisa carburetors, tse hlomelloa le basele ba bangata ba se nang balekane-silindara chetyrehtaktniki kang Honda dienjini kopana tse peli tse mefuta e fetileng. Ho na le tse peli tse ho kopanya likamore, moo spool le e mong o le khannoang ke sebetsana ka katleho, ha e mong a - ka e lephaka ka kamoreng e ka kopanya.

lonthja

Ho qala enjene batang, ho hlokahala hore a ntlafatsa motsoako. Ka ba bang ba carburetors khamera bakeng sa nang le utopitel phaphametse. Ha e se e petelitsoe molamu, le mafura a boemo ba ka kamoreng e le e hlaha sharply ho boemo ba ka holimo le lumeletsoe. Ka lebaka la sena, mafura a qala ho phalla ka ho noa kotopo. karolo e 'ngoe ea mafura e phallang ntle. Ka nako e itseng, Leha ho le joalo, ho haha carburetors lokisetsa e le hore le lipara u se ke a oa ka ntle. merero joalo hlokang ho sebelisa go tlhoma tlhaloganyo mo motsoako, e leng ho bipetsa kapa temana e 'ngoe ea mafura. E sebelisoa ho ena le ho utopitelya.

Haufinyane tjena, ba bane-leqeba sethuthuthu dienjini atisa ho ba le tsamaiso e mafura ente bakeng sa motlakase. Ho na le e le mafura a pompo le ka koloi ea motlakase, leshala, liente motlakase, elektroniki cu, eo e amana ho e hlahlobang a sa tšoaneng, kabo ngata.

Ho boetse ho na dilenaneo taolo tsamaiso, moo phetoho ea litsamaiso phepelo le thothetsang molelo ba ho kopantswe, e leng eketsa bokgoni le, ka nako e tšoanang, matla a unit trust e.

Ba ka sehloohong matla a ho hloleha ka lebaka la ho sethuthuthu enjene ho lokisa 'na ha hlokahala, - phokotseho kapa esita cessation ea phepelo ea mafura e loketseng ho blockage. Ho qoba sena, sebelisa mafura filthara. Ho phaella moo, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho hlokomela boemo ba moea filthara le liphaephe Leak.

tsamaiso e khopo ho qeta monono

Tsamaiso ea ho qeta monono le bopilwe ka tubular outflow kanaleng, phala le barrow. The peli setorouku ka boholo le ka sebōpeho sa likarolo tse ling tsa tsamaiso ea li kotloloho itšetlehile ka bokgoni le matla. Ka lebaka leo, ba ne ba sebelisa tsamaiso ea ho qeta monono ka e mong le e silindara le batho ka bomong. Ba na le resonator tube, le khutsisa nozzle.

Ka chetyrehtaktnikov ho lokolloa taolo belofo ba tsamaiso ea khase kabo, e le hore gomoso ho tsona hase tse mahlonoko. Hangata ba maqhama 'ohle a fokotsoa hore silencer e le' ngoe.

Tse ling litabeng tsa lithuthuthu hlomelloa le converters catalytic, e fokotsa mesi e kotsi chefo (di hlomamisa, ho etsa mohlala, Honda dienjini le bahlahisi le leng Japanese). disebedisweng tse joalo li 'nile tsa ba le e loketseng ho ditlhoko ho eketseha bakeng sa ho qeta monono khase ka EU, US le Japane. E le hore ho thibela khutlisetsang ejection metsoako ea diselennere ka ea lefeela le potolohang se senyenyane sa crankshaft, e litsamaiso qeta monono oa ba bangata sethuthuthu faneng cardinality valve khethehileng.