Derivational ketane mantsoe a thata. Tsela ea ho haha ketane ea lentsoe-haha? Mehlala derivational liketane

Fumana leketlisa ea kamoo ho haha ketane ea lentsoe-sebopeho, ke ea bohlokoa haholo. tsebo ena le tla ho dumella ho trace tatelano ea ho bōpa e puo e ncha unit trust mme qoba blunders nakong e tlang.

Sehlahisoa 'me a hlahisa mantsoe

e sa tsoa-thehoa likarolo puo kaofela ka puo ea Serussia ba na le motheo sehlahisoa. Derivational ketane ea mantsoe a thata e hahiloe motheong oa bonolo ka ho - ho hlahisa (susumetsang) diyuniti. Ke karolong e ka tlaase. Kaofela ha mantswe e sa tsoa thehoa tse nkiloeng (susumetsoa). puso ea ena e sebetsa maemong a tsohle, sebopeho sa diyuniti ntjha puo.

lentsoe susumellelitse na le sebopeho ho feta tse mabapi le tlhahiso ea lijo. Sena se bonahala ka labeled semantic, morphological le stylistic likarolo tse.

Re nahana ka derivational ketane - mehlala ea derivatives le likarolo tse hlahisang:

• Khalase <= tlas'a-khalase-Nick, moo khalase - susumetsang unit trust. Cup pane - sehlahisoa.
• Beat <= u-hanyane *, moo morethetho - hlahisang lentsoe. Kokota - susumetsoa.

Bao e seng sehlahisoa (unmotivated) Lentsoe

Ka Serussia ho na le puo e diyuniti, tse sa thehoa ho tswa ho mantsoe a mang le ba le motso e tšoanang. Tsa mefuta ena ba bolela hore ba na le batho bao e seng sehlahisoa motheo oa. Derivational lentsoe ketane le unmotivated substrate e ka etsoa feela ka unit trust e tjena: bao e seng sehlahisoa foromo e le generating <= susumellelitse foromo. Hore ke lentsoe mantlha ke e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ho hlophisoa.

Unmotivated diyuniti puo hangata bopilwe motso tšoanang. Mohlala: mor'abo rōna, setulo, letsatsi.

ke derivational ketane seo

Unit nyenyane ka ho fetisisa lentsoe sebopeho e hlahisa mofuta o. Thehiloeng ho eona, lera ho fihlela lintho tsena tse tsohle tse amanang. Derivational ketane ke tatelano ea mefuta puo le motso le 'ngoe. Ho phaella moo, e mong le e elements e ncha latelang ho tswa ho e mong e fetileng. Ke hore, a latellana joang e na le sebopeho hierarchical.

E mong le e unit trust e ncha mefuta e formatife ketane le banyalani ba bang ba mehleng ea lentsoe 'me ke sehlahisoa sa eona. lentsoe le leng, le eena, a ke susumetsang.

Nahana ka mohlala. Ka ketane loha <= selohi <= selohi 'selohi' e nkiloeng kamanong le "weave", athe kamanong le "selohi" Ho ea khothatsa.

ke ketane derivational seo

Derivational ketane ea lentsoe - le tatelano ea diyuniti ntjha puo. Puo - ka mochine e phelang e lula ntlafalitsoeng. Ho tloha ka ho fetisisa ya diyuniti tse ntjha ho bua puo ea Russia - derivatives, lentsoe sebopeho ke senotlolo sa bohlokoa ho utloisisa boleng ba puo le monyetla oa ho assimilation.

Bakeng sa sebopeho sa bokgoni le matlafatsa bokgoni mohaho sa ditatelano e loketseng ea ho etsa mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng tse kang:

• bopa ketane ea lentsoe-sebōpeho sa lentsoe la fuoa;
• Fumana ho fehla motlakase sebopeho;
• lekanya seo ketane formatife tsa latellana joang;
• hlwaya motheong susumetsang;
• lekanya liketane ba bakae ba lentsoe-sebopeho ka sehlaheng sa.

lentsoe-eaba ba etsa sehlaha

Ka derivational liketane kopana stemmings puo unit trust le se le seng labeled semantic moelelo e ka rerileng tatelano e 'ngoe. E bitsoa ka soketeng. Sena ke mohopolo ho fetisisa a pharaletseng a ba se ba ntse ba haha liforomo tse ncha lexical.

Lentsoe-eaba ba etsa sehlaha - sete ya liketane hore kopana diyuniti puo ka kakaretso boleng balletsweng. Ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka e seng feela ba le motso tloaelehileng, empa e le hantle ya planar labeled semantic. Tlhōrō ea lentsoe-eaba ba etsa sehlaha ke bonolo le mong. Feela totobatsa bonolo har'a likarolo cognate ka mantsoe, ho ka etsahala ho bona hore kamoo tatellanong tse ngata ka lebaka la ho ka hahoa.

Mohlala, derivational ketane: sefahleho <= depersonalize <= depersonalize theha sehlaha le khoele e: ho sa tsotellehe <= pele <= tlepetsoa ka majoe. Puo unit trust "sefahleho" e nkiloeng ka sehlaheng sena.

litsela tsa lentsoe sebopeho

E le hore ho qoba liphoso tsa ba lokisetsa ho ea ka liketane derivational, ho e utloisisa hore na puo Russia ho na le ho hahoa ha likarolo tse ncha puo.

Hlwaya litsela tse ngata:

1. Ho phaella moo. The unit trust e ncha Ho thehoa ke ikopanya le motheo oa lentsoe le le leng ho e le setsi sa e 'ngoe (makalana kapa ho feta). Ho na le litsela tse latelang:

• ho hlahisa bakoang + tlohang selumi sa senyesemane + susumetsang mantsoe: khase-obble-metaborate, e tletseng ba-bala. Maemong a mang, selumi sa senyesemane o tlohang ka 'na ba sieo: Kaliningrad;
• ho hlahisa botlaaseng + motheo hlahisa libethe Sofa, flared moleka, le batho bao e seng o ile a laela ofisiri e ka sehloohong;
• ho hlahisa ho hlahisa botlaaseng + botlaaseng + suffix: hlooho-litšila-ho-sa;
• khutsufatso: sebopeho sa mantsoe a motsoako ka ho eketsa ka ho feletseng kapa mokhoa o sa fellang truncated makalana: univesithi, battalion, zavskladom.

2. Morphological mokhoa - ka thuso ea affixes:

• suffix (ho sebedisa megatlana): tse tala-Nick <= tse tala;
• prefixing (ho sebedisa prefixes); botjha li matha <= matha;
• Postaffixal (Lokela ho Etsa'ng-kapa, ka letsatsi le leng, Xia): nyala Xia <= ho nyala;
• Motswako (prefixed-suffix, suffixal prefixing et al a.)

3. sokoloha (morpho,-syntactic mokhoa). Tabeng ena, lentsoe ha le eo ho ya ka liphetoho leha e le efe. Tshebetso ya sebopeho sa diyuniti e ncha e etsoang ke ho switjha ho tloha karolong e 'ngoe ea ho bua.

• substantivizing - sebopeho sa e le lereho ho tloha karolong e 'ngoe ea ho bua ka: ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o laolehileng, tsoha;
• adjectivization - aggettivo sebopeho ke phetiso ho tloha likarolong tse ling tsa ho bua: tukang mahlo (bapisa: mashala a tukang sebōpi);
• pronominalizatsiya (fetoheng molaong liemeli e): Tabeng ena, motseng tšoanang;
• adverbializatsiya (kenyelletsa avverbio e): ka eona e tla etsa (bapisa: bohato tse ma mwango featswan hao);
• fetoheng molaong prepositions ho: leboha ka ketsahalo e thabisang (bapisa: leboha ho eena bakeng sa thuso ea hae).

4. lexical-labeled semantic mokhoa. Lentsoe ha fetola sebopeho lona morphological, ho ba le moelelo o fapaneng: onion (semela) - seqha (Sebetsa), maborashe (kotokaka) - Brush (hill molora).

5. lexico-syntactic mokhoa: kopane diyuniti tse pedi kapa ho feta ka e mong. Mohlala: The ba latelang (ho tse thathamisitsoeng mona ka tlase), thuso (hanyane e atlehang).

-Tharabololo ho atamela formatife ketane

E le hore re utloisise hore na ho etsa letoto la lentsoe-sebopeho, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore re hlahlobe tatelano ya liketso. khomareloe ka thata-thata ho dintho tsohle li tla haholo nolofatsa mosebetsi oo.

1. A kenya lentsoe le ka sebopeho pele.
2. Khetha affixes tsohle fumaneha - prefixes, megatlana le metso.
3. Bona hore mokhoa oo oa ho ruta.
4. Fumana moelelo labeled semantic tsa elements puo (haeba ho hlokahala - le ka thuso ea dikishinari).
5. Letotong la diyuniti mong motso ho lata sa ho fehla motlakase sa boleng bo tšoanang.

Ka mohlala, u batla ho batla bakeng sa hlahiseng ea lentsoe "pane".

Khetha ba le motso le affixes: a-senoelo-Nick, moo - le ketapele, lebitso la boswaswi la - suffix khalase - motso. Prefixal-suffix mokhoa oa lentsoe sebopeho. Re ka hlalosa moelelo labeled semantic: kopi pane - ntho hore e behiloeng tlas'a khalase. Kahoo ho hlahisa lentsoe "khalase" o tla nka bohato tabeng ena.

Mehlala derivational liketane

Nahana ka mehlala e seng mekae ea tatellanong atamela.

"Ho hlasimoloha ho" hlokahala derivational ketane le lentsoe.

Ho ea ka-tharabololo ho:

1. Qalong foromo - "ho hlasimoloha ho."
2. Select affixes: nako-masokoana-le Th-Xia. Megatlana: laoleng - le - indeterminate foromo -t i-, postfix liforomo oa leetsi la khutla Xia. Fapaneng le ketapele. -vesel- motso.
3. Fumana mofuta oa lentsoe sebopeho: re ne re khona ho totobatsa suffix formatife le le ketapele. Ho joalo, tsela - platformers-suffix.
4. Khetha se boleloang ke karolo ea lipuo tsa "ho hlasimoloha ho": kena ka feto-fetoha e ntle, e-ba monate.
5. Tshebetso ya ho lentsoe sebopeho - prefixed-suffix. Batla generating unit trust ka simplification. Susumetsang lentsoe reflexive leetsi "ho hlasimoloha ho" ke batho bao e seng khutla leetsi "ho hlasimoloha ho." Fapaneng le ketapele, tabeng ena e na le boleng ba ketso e tebileng. Generating lentsoe leetsi "ho hlasimoloha ho" e bonolo ho feta karolo ea "ho hlasimoloha ho", eo e thehoa, le eena, a ka aggettivo "nyakaletse". Kahoo, derivational ketane e tla ba:

Nyakaletse <= amuse <= ho hlasimoloha ho <= hlasimoloha

Bopa ketane ea lentsoe-na le mohaho bakeng sa lereho "salting."

Ho ea ka-tharabololo ho:

1. Foromo ea pele - "salting."
2. Select affixes le motso: bakeng sa Sol-to-hantle. Le ketapele: za- motso: -hydrochloric - suffix: -k-, flexion: s.
3. Mokhoa tsoang teng: prefixal-suffix.
4. Re ka hlalosa moelelo labeled semantic tsa "salting": polokesegong sebelisa letsoai.
5. Re batla ho hlophisoa ka tsela e itekanetseng e hlahisa lentsoe. The suffix -k - e bontša hore karolo ea lentsoe ke lebitso la bohato, 'me le tsoa leetsing la ka. Derivational para ho nehelana ka lereho leetsi "asene". Ka lehlakoreng le leng, le ketapele za- bolele ho fela ha ketso - ". Letsoai" leetsi thehoa ho tswa diforomo tse sa rarahanang tse ngata tsa "Ho letsoai" - etsa ntho e 'ngoe asene sebelisa letsoai. Hlahisa lentsoe "letsoai". Derivational ketane e tla thaepa:

Letsoai <= letsoai <= asene <= salting

Ho haha ketane ea lentsoe-na le mohaho bakeng sa aggettivo "nepedagogichno".

Ho ea ka-tharabololo ho:

1. Qalong foromo - nepedagogichno.
2. Select morpheme: bao e seng padagog-DBS pele. Le ketapele bao e seng motso -pedagog-, nari e suffix -, -s flexion.
3. Mokhoa tsoang teng: prefixal-suffix.
4. Hlalosa labeled semantic bolelang "nepedagogichno": ha e kopana le maemo a pedagogy.
5. Tshebetso ya ho lentsoe sebopeho - prefixal-suffix. Re batla bonolo morphemic sebopeho unit trust. The aggettivo "nepedagogichno" Ho thehoa ho tloha karolong e tšoanang ea ho bua "le kelello" le le ketapele le non- negative. Kahoo, ho fehla motlakase unit trust e para ke lentsoe "nang le kelello". Ka lehlakoreng le leng, aggettivo "nang le kelello" Ho thehoa ke e suffix formatife - ichn- tswa lereho 'pedagogy'. slvo ena e nkiloeng ho e bonolo ho hlophisoa lereho "tichere". Kahoo, ho fehla motlakase unit trust (vertex) tsa latellana joang hona ke lereho "tichere". Derivational ketane e tjena:

mosuoe <= pedagogy <= utloahalang <= nepedagogichno

Bopa ketane ea lentsoe-na le mohaho "razgrimirovatsya" Leetsi la.

Re ka sebelisa mehato ea ka-tharabololo ho:

1. Infinitive foromo - "razgrimirovatsya".
2. Select affixes: nako-litlolo-Irova-Th-Xia. Le ketapele: fapaneng motso: -grim -, itseng ho laoleng leetsi suffix - irova- le affix -t sebopeho sa lekanyetsoang, postfix-Xia.
3. Mokhoa tsoang teng: prefixal-suffix.
4. Re ka hlalosa se boleloang ke labeled semantic oa leetsi la "razgrimirovatsya": nka theoha litlolo hae.
5. Mokhoa oa lentsoe sebopeho - platformers-suffix, ho bolela batla sebopeho pete ea unit trust morphemic. Breakout leetsi "razgrimirovatsya" Ho thehoa ke khutla oa leetsi la "etsa-up" le le ketapele e fapaneng tsa boleng pele khanselwa bohato. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba leetsi reflexive "etsa-up" - tswa bao e seng khutla oa leetsi la "etsa ho fihlela." Generating lentsoe "etsang" leetsi ke bao e seng sehlahisoa lereho "litlolo", eo e leng vertex tsa latellana joang ho. Derivational ketane emela sekemeng latelang:

litlolo <= etsa <= litlolo <= razgrimirovatsya

Lokela ho ela hloko

Ka ho atamela ho fihlela ka liketane derivational buelloa ho lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho makolopetso latelang:

• ha lia lokela ho ferekane tsoang teng le tshekatsheko ya formatife. merero e fetileng ho khetholla mefuta e meng ea lentsoe le tšoanang. Mohlala: Ke matha - baleha - baleha. Ha a ntse a le pakane phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya and analysis ke derivational ketane lexical diyuniti tse ntjha;
• motheong oa ba sa tsoa-thehoa elements puo hangata e na le affixes feta tsa susumetsang. Ka mohlala, ka para ya formatife: qeta mariha <= qeta mariha hlahisa botlaaseng akarelletsa ho affix mong - ba le motso - zim-, ha ka lebaka la lentsoe le ho behelana mabaka le bopilwe ka motso - zim- le suffix - n g.
• puong lipara bolelang motho kapa phoofolo, banna le basali, ho hlahisa e khutsoanyane, e le busa, ho ke ke e masculine lereho. Mohlala: Weaver <= selohi; Goose <= likhantsi;
• ka bobeli, ho akarelletsa le likarolong tse fapaneng tsa puo - leetsi, e leng se bontšang ho bohato bonahaleng, 'me ka lereho kapa aggettivo, e leng se bontšang pontšo, derivatives lentsoe ke ka kakaretso e lereho. Mohlala: khale <= botsofali, ontong <= dipesteri;
• reflexive maetsi ka sehloohong karolo Ho thehoa ke bao e seng returnable. Mohlala: ho ruta <= ho ithuta, nyala <= nyala;
• le lentsoe leetsi hangata e ea sebetsang ho e latelang sekemeng: bao e seng sehlahisoa leetsi imperfective hlokomolohe tlhaloso <= perfective maetsi le le ketapele e <= leetsi le le ketapele le suffix imperfective: shebella <= pono <= pono, jala <= jala <= zaseivat 's;
• ka moo le tsoang teng ya mahlalosi ka -o fehla motlakase unit trust e hangata e aggettivo: e ntle <= molemo, ka potlako <= tirila empa.

Ho sebelisa lidikishinari ka ba lokisetsa ho ea ka liketane derivational

Esita le ka thata-thata ho latelwa kotokaka-tharabololo derivational liketane ka linako tse ling etsa hore le mathata a itseng. Tabeng ena ho loketse ho sebelisa dikishinari. Ho na le likhatiso tse khethehileng, ka thuso ea tse ka khona ho khetha e le 'ngoe le motso foromo hoo e ka bang leha e le efe thepa ea motheo puo. Ba fuoa liketane lentsoe-eaba ba etsa - mehlala le bao e seng sehlahisoa diyuniti le ka bohle ba lihlahala tsa lona. Qaqisa dithekeniki le mefuta e mengata ea ho haha puo form.Takzhe o ka fumana malebela mabapi le kamoo ho etsa letoto la lentsoe-sebopeho ya likarolo khetheha puo.

liforomo sehlahisoa ba sebakeng bukana e le hore nteterwana. Khatiso ea ho fetisisa e feletseng ke "Lentsoe la-sebopeho Dictionary of puo Russia" ka 2 meqolo.

Ho sebelisa lidikishinari thusa ka eaba ba etsa liketane, 'me e khothalletsa assimilation tlotlofoko ncha.