Dendrites - ke eng see? Sebopeho le mosebetsi dendridov

Tšohile dinama tse nyenyane tse entsoeng ka methapo ea kutlo le glia, o etsa letoto la mesebetsi e rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa le ea bohlokoa: ho ntša ilibana litakatso tsa motlakase, tse ka nako eo a tšoaetsanoang ka ho mesifa le makala a phoofolo batho kapa vertebrate. Lisele tsa lisele ena ke ea sebopeho khethehileng. Ho fana ka ka bobeli e ketsahalo e sa nyakallo le thibelo, le tshebediso bona. Ka neuroscience na le tlhaloso e latelang: dendrites - e tšebetso ea lisele methapo ea kutlo e lemohe le ho fetisetsa boitsebiso bona ho ba neuron mele. Ka pampiri ena re tla hlahloba mehopolo jwale ka mekgwa phetiso ea litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo likarolong tse ka sehloohong tsa tsamaiso ea methapo: boko le lesapong la mokokotlo, hammoho le ho ithuta sebōpeho sa dendrite, joalokaha e mong oa metsoako ea neurocytes.

Etsoe sena re tšohla ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane ho khetheha neuron dibopeho, ke unit trust motheo ea dinama tse nyenyane tse ea methapo.

Ka neurocyte sebopeho amanang le mesebetsi ea eona

Elektrone mekhoa nyenyane ho etsa lipatlisiso li tiisitse ka sesebediswa bulehileng tsamaiso e khopo e khethehileng haholo le rarahaneng tsa likokoana-hloko e bitsoang li-cell methapo ea kutlo. Ho kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e le 'mele (Soma), e mong leoto telele - le plurality di khutshwane axon lehlomela. E mong le e ba bona ba e amana le cytoplasm tsa 'mele seleng. dendrite ena. Mohaho 'me ponahalo ea oa aggregate tsa dithulaganyo tse di khutshwane re hopotsang moqhaka oa sefate. Ho ea ka mo 'mele oa neuron ka synapse ka fumana tse khonehang bioelectric tloha liseleng tse ling methapo ea kutlo.

Phetoho le mefuta e

Ho ea ka ho etsa lipatlisiso sobotta ea kajeno, dendrites - le se makala a qetellong neurocyte se feela amohela, empa hape le ho fetisetsa lesedi khouthollotsweng ka sebōpeho sa litakatso tsa motlakase, ka tsamaiso selotlolo le kanaleng e anatomically le ka tshebediso ya kokangana lisele tse methapo ea kutlo. Ba na le e ngata ea sa organelles nang le protheine e synthesizing - ribosomes. Mefuta e meng ea dithulaganyo khutšoanyane, tse kang neurocytes pyramidal, koahetsoe ke mehaho e khethehileng - spines.

Ho latela tlhophiso e sisintsweng ke Spain neurohistology S. Ramon featswan Cajal, dendrite tse peli e ka kheloha 'mele seleng ea methapo ea kutlo ho litaelo bo fapaneng (ferekanyang neurocytes). Ha a mangata dendrites, ba diverge ho tswa ho Soma radially. Sebopeho sena ke bath ea interneurons. Ka cerebellar lisele tse Purkinje tsoa ea 'mele appendages neurocyte ka mokgwa wa fene ka. E mong le e dendrite, eo e meraro-tlhakore sebopeho e fapaneng ho tloha makala linaheng tsa boahelani tsa chelete ea tefo ea motlakase bokeletseng hodima yona.

Eaba ama methapo ea kutlo e hlophisitsweng, branching

'Mele oa neuron le ke hasang bokahohleng le ho amohela ka nako e tšoanang le Sepheo likokoana-hloko. Buka ea (haholo-holo ya data o tlang) ke ka ho toba tekanyo e lekanang ka palo ea litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo o tlang. Li ikemiselitse ke ka tekanyo e sa branching ea sefate dendritic. Ka lebaka leo, dendrites - e neurocyte dibopeho hore bapala mosebetsi integrative.

Ho feta moo, le thulaganyo ya ho atolosa sebakeng seo ho ikopanya le pakeng tsa seleng methapo ea kutlo. Tlatsetso e tšoanang synapse sebopeho ka linako tse ling ho eketsa bokgoni ba ho mafapha ohle ka boko le lesapong la mokokotlo, 'me tsamaiso ea methapo ka kakaretso.

Sebōpeho sa dendrite ho

Ka ho ithuta ka litokisetso nyenyane ea lisele methapo ea kutlo re ile ra fumana hore boholo ba dithulaganyo ba le sebopeho cylindrical. bophara ba bona karolelano ke 0,9 micron. dendrite bolelele fapana haholo. Ka mohlala, liseleng tsa kutlo stellate tsa taba ea bohlooho ba cortex bokong tse lekgutshwanyane (ha ho ho feta tse 200 microns) makala dendritic sefate, athe dithulaganyo dilenaneo neuron kenyelelitsoe lenaka pel'a khoele lesapo la mokokotlo, la taelo ea 2 limilimithara.

thuto e khethehileng - spines thehoa ka makala neurocytes lebisa palo e khōlō ea synapses - slotted litulo ikopanya le axon, dendrite kapa Soma tsa neuron e 'ngoe. Synapses ka teng ka 'mele oa dendrite le ba bitsoa bakoang kapa ka kotloloho ka spines lona. Ha re ntse re se tseba, dendrites - se makala appendages neurocytes khonang ho fumana tlhotlheletso. Phetiso hape etsahala biopotentials tsena sebelisa metsoako ea limolek'hule - mediators, tse kang acetylcholine, kapa GABA. The lera koahetse dendrite lemoha metjha e Ion, khetha permeable k'halsiamo cations, sodium le potassium amehang ka eona temaneng la litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo ka neuron ena.

E le lesedi fihla liseleng methapo ea kutlo

Nakong ea phetiso liqoso motlakase ka sehloohong le tlhotlheletso le thibelo, hammoho le e axon le dendrites amehang. Ho etsahalang ka neuron, eo theha synapses le makala a mang a sefate dendritic tsa neurocytes. Empirically fumanoa hore dendrites ke a hlomelang a manyenyane ba cytoplasm seleng, lera a tlotsitsoeng. Ho eona ho na le ba fokolang litakatso tsa motlakase - ketso tse khonehang.

Thanks ho dithulaganyo e khutšoanyane e 'ngoe methapo ea kutlo seleng ea amohelang le ho fetisetsa linaoa likete tse' maloa generated synapses. Sena ha se ho sebetsa feela ea dendrites. Ba ile ba boela sebetsa le kopana tlhahisoleseding kena methapo ea kutlo, eo e fana ka molao oa tsamaiso le taolo ya sebediswa ka ho tsamaiso ea methapo ea makala ohle le lisele tsa 'mele oa motho.