Classification la masapo a ka le manonyello batho

Bone ke boima ka ho fetisisa ka mor'a enamel ntho joale ka 'mele oa motho le nang le mofuta o le khethehileng la dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. Ke makgetheng lona bath ke ho ba teng ha tiileng tse tsetsoeng moriana le matsoai matsoai, fibrous kantle ho sele popeho le lisele tse stellate fana le makala a mangata. Classification le sebopeho la masapo a lumella hore re utloisise kamoo ho leng bohlokoa karolo ea tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal 'meleng.

tlhophiso masapo

E mong le e bone bone - e 'mele ikemetseng entsoe ka likarolo tse peli. Le ka ntle karolo - ke periosteum, 'me ka hare e thehoa ka e khethehileng connective dinama tse nyenyane tse. sebaka sa bona ke lehae la ho makala kgolo hematopoietic.

Classification tsa masapo a ka mokgwa wa a fana bakeng sa lihlopha tse latelang:

• nako e telele kapa tubular;
• e khutšoanyane, e leng o boetse o bitsoa spongy;
• a bataletseng kapa lohle;
• tsoakane, ka linako tse ling tsejoa e le e sa tloaelehang;
• pneumatici.

Ka nako e telele (tubular) masapo a karolong e bohareng ea molelele, cylindrical, kapa sebopeho kgutlotharo. karolo ena e bitsoa diaphysis. A lipheletsong thatafetseng - e epiphysis. Le e mong le e epiphysis articular holim koahetsoeng ka lefufuru articular, e etsa hore maqhama a matla.

Ba setho tubular ea maoto le matsoho masapo ho eona li le ka bitsoa ka ho phetha mosebetsi wa ka maatla a. tlhophiso eketsehileng ba mofuta ona wa Bone lokisetsa karohano bona ka nako e telele le tse khutšoanyane. Tsa pele ho kenyeletsa ka mahetla, serope, forearm le mete. Ho ea bobeli - metacarpal, metatarsal, phalanges.

Ka bokhutšoanyane (spongy) lesapo e bōpehileng joaloka sekotwaneng kapa tsoeng polyhedron. Ba leng teng libakeng tsa masapo le moo motswako loketseng matla le tsamaiso ka manonyeletso. Re bua ka manonyeletso, ea Tarsase.

Ho kopanela sebopeho sa cavities le 'mele le mesebetsi e sireletsang ke le boikarabelo ba ho se bataletseng sa masapo (lohle), tse akarelletsang sternum, likhopo, noka le lehata cap,. bokaholimo tsena li khomaretse mesifa 'me, ka har'a bona, e le tabeng ea tube, ho, ke lesapo moko.

Short masapo ka letsohong la motho le borashe e dumella ho phetha mefuta e fapaneng ya manipulations. Le ka menoana eketsa botsitso le ha motho a e eme.

Classification la masapo a ka le fana ka bakeng sa sebopeho sa e rarahaneng haholo masapo e tsoakiloeng mefuta e. Ba sa tšoaneng ka sebōpeho le mosebetsi (segopo le dithulaganyo tsa 'mele vertebral).

Ka airspaces 'meleng o na le cavity lined le lera mucous le tlala moea. Karolo ea lehata ke ea mefuta ena. Ka mohlala, tse tobileng, ethmoid, maxillary sphenoid.

Classification manonyello lesapo

masapo tsohle beha liforomo karolong etseng letho ea tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal, tshebetso ha tsamaiso e, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha mefuta e fapaneng motsoako fana likhato e fapaneng ya tsamaiso.

mabapi masapo ke e tsoelang pele le discontinuous. Hape hlahisa mofuta lipakeng tsa mabapi, eo e bitsoa symphysis.

metsoako fibrotic

Classification la masapo a batho ke ea bohlokoa ka moriana ho thibela tšenyo e tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal. Ka nako e tšoanang, ke habohlokoa le ho mofuta oa dinama tse nyenyane tse ho bonded. Tsobotsi ena e etsa hore re khone ho khetholla se har'a metsoako ea tsoelang pele fibrous, cartilaginous le masatsoana komponeng (synchondrosises). Ka boemo ba fibrotic phahameng ya matla le tlaase tsamaiso. Ka hare ho sehlopha see sa metsoako 'notši syndesmoses,' me ho tjheseletsa ea seams. Ho phetha syndesmosis ligament le lera interosseous.

Types of metsoako fibrotic

Ligaments tse teteaneng ka sebopeho oa libalaka kapa lipoleiti, thehoa ka teteaneng fibrous connective dinama tse nyenyane tse 'me ka chelete bohlokoa tsa likhoele collagen. Sosobaneng hangata fana ka kamano e teng pakeng masapo a mabeli le matlafatso kopanetsoeng, e thibelang mokhatlo oa bona. Khona ho mamella meroalo e boima.

Le lera la interosseous di amanang le diaphysis la masapo a nako e telele, 'me ba libakeng tse kamano ea mesifa. lera Interosseous na openings leo ka lona e neng e tšoaretsoe lijaneng tsa mali le methapo ea kutlo.

mofuta o mong oa metsoako fibrous - e seams lehata arola ho ya ka phetolo ea metshetshe amanang ho spongy, scaly le bataletse. Mefuta eohle ea manonyello a interlayer lera ya dinama tse nyenyane tse connective.

Tjheseletsa tsa hape mofuta ya e khethehileng ea komponeng fibrous e hlokometse libakeng tsa leino le lesapo komponeng alveoli meno. Leino le masapo leboteng ha a kopana. Di arohane ka poleiti tšesaane e entsoeng ka lisele connective. E bitsoa periodontitis.

Synchondrosises le synostosis

Classification lesapo lokisetsa metsoako synchondrosises eo oxyphobe e phethahatsoa ka tsela lefufuru. Litšobotsi ya sehlooho di synchondrosises elasticity, matla.

Ha lera la lefufuru pakeng tsa masapo e nkeloa sebaka ke dinama tse nyenyane tse lesapo, ho isa synostosis. Tsamaiso tabeng ena ea ho lefela, 'me matla a nka eketsang.

manonyeletso

Metsoako fetisisa mofuta nkehang ke manonyello. makgetheng bath la litlamo tsena ke discontinuous ka ho ba teng ha metsoako e khethehileng: ho bokaholimo kopanetsoeng, articular cavity, mokelikeli mokelikeling le komiki.

Articular hyaline lefufuru koahela bokaholimo, le cavity ke sebaka slit-joaloka pakeng tsa bokaholimo articular tsa masapo, articular komiki le har'a e nang le palo e khōlō ea mokelikeli mokelikeling.

fractures lesapo

Fracture ke Bibele e feletseng ea kapa leeme tlōla botšepehi ba lesapo, e le hore a simoloha ho tloha ho sithabela Link kapa mokhoa oa ho liphetoho dinama tse nyenyane tse e entse hore lefu lena.

Lebitso tletse fracture e ka 'na ea sebelisoa, e kentse' maloa tsa litšobotsi tse etsang pele ho tsohle ea mofuta ofe senya, eo e localized ka lesapo robehile. Ho phaella moo, fracture lebitso kenyeletsang tlhaku ea bakang lona (sithabetsang kapa pathological).

Classification tsa fractures haholo-holo e fana ka bakeng sa karohano ea bona congenital le se fumaneng. Ho ba teng ha fractures ka lebaka la ho mafu a congenital nakong ntshetsopeleng fetal le e sa tloaelehang haholo. Har'a bona ke ka etsahala hore ebe ba bangata ba ka bitsoa tseo hore ba utloa bohloko e lehata, likhopo, collarbone, mahetleng 'me thekeng. Fractures bakoang ke ho sithabela tsoalo, ntshetsopele intrauterine ho na le kamano e haufi, botho ba ka lebaka leo, ba se fumaneng.

Fumanweng fractures ka ba ntho e utloisang bohloko le ho pathological. Pele ke ka lebaka la bohato mechine le leng teng e ka ba sebaka sa tshusumetso (ho toba) kapa ka ntle ho libaka ena (e sa tobang). sehlopha se seng se akarelletsa fractures joalo hore ba thehoa ka lebaka la ho lesapo hlahala diso kapa tse ling tse e hlophisitsweng, a hlabang kapa holofatsang.

Open le koetsoeng fractures

fractures Open ba tšoauoa ka diso tsa letlalo le lera la mucous ka libaka tsa tshusumetso sithabetsang ileng a lebisa ho tlōla ba tšepahala. Haeba u na le leqeba le dinama tse nyenyane tse silakanngoa, ho qholotsa e kotsi ea tšoaetso le morago ga moo e ntshetsopeleng ya poso-sithabetsang osteomyelitis.

Ka fracture koetsoeng ea Botšepehi ba letlalo ha se robehile.

Classification la masapo a ka le manonyeletso a bona 'me fractures ka botlalo ho feta hlalosa karolo e phethoang masapo ka tshebetsong ya phelang ka kakaretso le ho thibela tšenyo e tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal.