Chelete phepelo le aggregates ka chelete

Chelete phepelo le aggregates buseletsoe - bopa dikgopolo tsa tsena ke tla ama le mebuso.

The chelete phepelo ke sete ya tefello, reka le bokeletseng chelete bao e leng batho ba 'mele' me ka molao 'me thepa ea boemo ba, ho akarelletsa kamano ya moruo thulaganyou e tšebeletso. Chelete phepelo ba tsebahala ka motsamao oa chelete ho latela bongata.

Tlas'a boima ba chelete le ho utloisisa ka chelete le batho bao e seng chelete chelete. Ho ea ka sebopeho, ho e arotsoe a sebetsang a (chelete tseo hore taolo ya tšebeletso) 'me karolo etseng letho (ho bokella le sekaleng banka hore ke bokgoni ba ho fedisa ho bolela).

Le boima ba chelete ha se bonolo 'me ha a tsamaisane le chelete eo. Ha e le hantle, kabelo ea chelete ka tekanyo ea chelete e se e le moholo, hobane mahlahana yohle ya ikonomi ho etsa sebetsana le mong ho e mong ka lebaka la ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ka litlaleho tse banka.

Boemo ba tsoelo-pele ea naha rerang botsitso ba chelete e le kabelo ea chelete ka chelete palo yohle. Ka mohlala, ka US, palo ena ha e feta 5-10%, le linaha tse CIS - 30%. Le ho feta chelete e le boima kakaretso ea chelete eohle naheng eo ke hore, le ka tlase tenyetsehang tsamaiso ea chelete haholo. Chelete phepelo le aggregates chelete e lokela ho ba palo e nepahetseng ea ho etsa bonnete ba tshebetsong tloaelehileng ea tsamaiso ea chelete.

E le karolo ea boima ba chelete e kenyeletsa dikarolo joalo o ke keng oa sebelisoa ka ho toba ka tefo le mahlahana a reka. Hona ho bolela tsepamisitsoeng e telele melato, mobung, mobung chelete, dishere, joalo-joalo Ba ba bitsoa "quasi-tjhelete" (ho tloha Latin. "Hoo e ka bang"). karolo ena ea chelete e ka kakaretso ajoa chelete e emela karolo mohlomong haholo le boima.

Sebōpeho sa le boima ba chelete le ho hlophisoa lona boa fetoha kamehla. Ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ya ntshetsopele ya phapanyetsano thepa le likamano tefello, ho ne ho fapaneng. Ha ajoa khauta qalong ea tse lekholo tse fetileng sebōpeho sa le boima ba chelete linaheng tse tsoetseng pele e ne e le hoo e ka bang ka mokgwa o latelang: 40% ba ne ba lichelete tsa tšepe tsa khauta, 40% ea banknotes e, 10% ea sekaleng ka tlaleho ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ya ditheo mokitlane. Hang-hang pele ho ntoa ea pele ea lefatše, lipalo tsena li fetohile loketseng ka tsela e latelang: 15%, 22%, 67%.

Bakeng sa ho hlahloba phallang chelete le liphetoho tse ka tshebetso fetang nako e fanoeng sebedisa tjhelete phepelo le aggregates ka chelete ea mekhahlelo e fapaneng.

Ka chelete aggregates - ka tekanyo e itseng ea chelete kapa lichelete thepa, tseo palo ea chelete.

Chelete phepelo le aggregates chelete e ka kutloisiso ena, ke lohellane. Kahoo e bitsoang aggregates ba kenella sebopeho hierarchical oo e mong le e unit trust morago ga moo e tla akarelletsa ba fetileng. E mong le e mokhabo latelang tabeng ena e kenyeletsa thepa tlase mokelikeli. Di bontšitsoeng ka bopa dikgopolo tsa kang aggregates buseletsoe M1 M2 M3, M4 le m0 file dinh kem.

M0 file dinh kem -nalichnye chelete ka ajoa (lichelete tsa tšepe, lintlha banka, polokelo ea matlotlo lintlha).

Ml tse unit trust e kenyeletsa m0 file dinh kem le bolela litlaleho tsa morao-rao tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ditefello tse cashless.

Aggregate M2 kenyelletsa ditokiseletso ML le mobung ka libanka khoebo, balebedi nako e khutsoanyane sa tlhaku ea phatlalatsa, e leng se ka ba le chelete kapa ho hlahloba litlaleho.

MH unit trust e kenyeletsa M2 le mobung chelete le diinstitusene tsa mokitlane le ho balebedi chelete 'maraka.

M4 unit trust e kenyeletsa M3 le mobung le diinstitusene tsa mokitlane.

aggregates ka chelete ka ho Russia ho manolotsoeng ea chelete e sebelisang e le hore tse latelang: e m0 file dinh kem, ML, M2, le Lekala la Bophelo. Bakeng sa phepelo ea chelete ea Russia e tšoauoa ka karolo e khōlō ea chelete, 'me mokhoa ona e ke ke ea kena ka fokotseha. Chelete phepelo le aggregates chelete e Russia bakeng sa nako e telele ntshetsopeleng ea tsamaiso ea chelete lokela ho re susumelletsa ka ka sehloohong boima ho feta ho ditefello tse bao e seng chelete.