Bronchodilators: Lenane la lithethefatsi, liphello tsa bona le ho sebelisa. tlhophiso ea bronchodilators

Le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa bophelo ba motho ke tsamaiso ea ho hema. A fokola sesole sa 'mele,' me mafu a tsoaetsanang a sa tšoaneng a ka qholotsa mafu matšoafo ka ho toba ama boleng ba bophelo. Bakeng sa ho phekoloa mafu a joalo lingaka-tšebeliso litokisetso bronchodilators. Ka mor'a moo, nahana kamoo lithethefatsi tsena li ka, tlhophiso bona le tšebeliso ka mafu a tse fapa-fapaneng tsa makala le ho hema.

ke bronchodilators seo

Ho kenyeletsa bronchodilators lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi hore imolla bronchospasm le loantša bakang bronchial constriction.

Ka seo mafu a ka etsahala maemong a joalo, ho ela hloko ka ho eketsehileng.

Eo mafu a sebelisa bronchodilators

Ho na le a 'maloa a mafu a eo ho eona e ka ba le matšoao a latelang:

• Bronchospasm.
• Ho ruruha.
• Hypersecretion ea mucus.
• Bronchoconstriction.

Ntshetsopeleng ya matšoao ao a ka khona le mafu a latelang:

• COPD.
• Bronchial asma.
• Obstructive hlobaetsang la bronchitis.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans.
• Bronchiectasis.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Ciliary dyskinesia lefu.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

bronchodilators ya mefuta e fapaneng e ka sebediswa ho thibela bronchospasm.

mefuta bronchodilators

Indasteri ea meriana e hlahisa mefuta e 'maloa ea lithethefatsi sehlopheng sena:

• Tablets.
• Syrups.
• Lithethefatsi bakeng sa ente.
• Inhalers.
• Nebulizers.

Hape ka aroloa litlelase tse 'maloa tsa bronchodilators.

Classification le lethathamo la lithethefatsi

1. Agonists. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse khona ho emisa litlhaselo tsa obstruction bronchial. Ke Tshebediso ya ya receptors adrenergic relaxes mesifa ea bronchi ena. Ha re nahana ka bronchodilators tsena, lithethefatsi lethathamo e tjena:

• "Epinephrine".
• "Isoprenaline".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Fenoterol".
• "Ephedrine".

2. M holinoblokatory. E boetse e sebelisoa ho thibela litlhaselo tsa obstruction bronchial. Lithethefatsi sehlopheng sena ha ba lokolloa kena maling 'me u se ke ua ba le bohato systemic. Ba ka 'na ba sebelisetsoa ho inhalation feela. U ka etsa lethathamo latelang lithethefatsi:

• "Atropine sulfate."
• "Metacin".
• "Ipratropium lethal gene."
• "Flomax".

3. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Brohoobstruktsii cropped litlhaselo tse ke phomotse le bronchial boreleli mesifa ke k'halsiamo deposition ka reticulum endoplasmic ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha palo ea eona ka hare ho sele. Ntlafatsa ventilation pheriferale, mosebetsi lesoba. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa:

• "Theophylline".
• "Theobromine".
• "Eufillin".

Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsena li ka 'na tsa etsa molikoalikoane, tachycardia, bohale fokotseha khatello ea mali.

4. Stabilizers mafura lera la seleng. Sebelisoa feela bakeng sa ho thibela spasm bronchial. Thibela k'halsiamo metjha e le ka 'na a thibile kena ha k'halsiamo ka lisele tse palo, ka tsela eo tlōla degranulation le histamine bona ka lihlahisoa. Nakong ea tlhaselo ea hlaha, lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba se ba ntse thuso. Ba sebelisoa ka mokgwa wa matlapa kapa ya data hema bronchodilators. Lenane la lithethefatsi e tjena:

• "Cromolyn."
• "Nedocromil".
• "Ketotifen".

5. Corticosteroids. lithethefatsi tsena li ka sebelisoa ho phekola mefuta e rarahaneng ea asma bronchial. E ka boela ho sebediswa bakeng sa ho thibela le ho utloa ho re kokololo la litlhaselo bronchospasm. Lethathamong le ka lokela ho kenyeletsa meriana e latelang:

• "Hydrocortisone".
• "Prednisolone".
• "Dexamethasone".
• "Triamitsinolon".
• "Beclomethasone".

6. k'halsiamo le kanaleng blockers. Sebediswa bakeng sa cupping bronhoobstuktsii. Ka lebaka la ho k'halsiamo le kanaleng thibela k'halsiamo hloloheloa ka seleng, ea fella ka hore boikhathollo ba methapo bronchial. Fokotsa spasms, dilates lijana gogoga le pheriferale. Bakeng sa lithethefatsi sehlopheng sena e kenyeletsa:

• "Nifedipine".
• "Isradipine".

7. Lithethefatsi le antileukotriene bohato. Thibela receptors leukotriene khothalletsa boikhathollo bronchi. Sebelisa mofuta ona wa meriana bakeng sa thibelo ea litlhaselo tsa bronchial.

Ba e atlehang haholo ho phekola mafu a tse hlahang ha sebelisoa ka nako e telele ya bao e seng steroidal, lithethefatsi-ba khahlanong le a hlabang. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa ea meriana tse latelang:

• "Zafirlukast".
• "Montelukast."

Ho etsa qeto ea, e lokela ho boleloa hore ketso lona bronchodilators ho toba haholo-holo ke boikhathollo bronchi, empa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Fanoeng makgetheng tsena bronchodilators, lefu amanang le mokuli khetheha phelang, ka abeloa ho kalafo e atlehang.

Spirography bronchodilator

Bakeng sa phuputso e entsoeng ea bakuli ba atisa ho ba le mafu a litho tsa ka hare le ho hema, e behiloeng spirography. Hangata ka ho fetisisa maemo a moo ho na le matšoao a latelang:

• A khohlela hore ha e khaotse ho bakeng sa nako e telele se.
• Bokhutšoanyane phefumoloho.
• The hema neng ho ka utluoa wheezing, ho letsa mololi.
• Haeba u na le bothata ba ho hema.

Mokhoa ona phuputso e lumella u ho lemoha liphetoho tse ka bophahamo ba modumo ea matšoafo le tshebetso e. Tsamaiso ena e sireletsehileng ka ho feletseng, empa ho fana e ngata ea boitsebiso ka morero oa ho kalafo e atlehang.

Ho khanna spirography ka ba sebelisoa bronchodilators. Lethathamo la lithethefatsi 'na a akarelletsa ho medicaments latelang:

• "Berotek".
• "Ventalin".

Spirography bronchodilator phethile pele le ka mor'a ho nka moriana, ho fumana hore na ke sesebelisoa sa ka ea ka tšebetso ea matšoafong. Hape, haeba meriana di a sebelisa, phomotse methapo bronchial, ho ikemiselitse hore na bronchospasm reversible kapa etsolloa. moriana o amohetsweng ke nebulizer kapa aerosol.

Tlosa litlhaselo tsa asma

Emisa tlhokomelo ea hao ho ea lithethefatsi a sebelisa ho asma. Bronchodilators ka asma ke lithethefatsi bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tseo re li hlokang bakeng sa asthmatic ka ho imolla ho hlaseloa ka tšohanyetso hammoho le bakeng sa prophylaxis bona. Sena se ka akarelletsa mefuta e latelang ea bronchodilators:

• Beta-agonists.
• Anticholinergic lithethefatsi.
• "Theophylline".

Meriana ea Lihlopha tseo tse peli pele ba molemo ka ho fetisisa nkiloeng ho sebelisoa e inhaler kapa nebulizer.

Ha e le asma e tlhaselo e itlhahela le tlhokahalo e potlakileng ho fana ka thuso bakeng sa morero ona, e khutšoanyane-tshwere hema bronchodilators. Ba ka potlako tlosoa ke bronchospasm bronchus phatlalatso. Mor'a metsotso, bronchodilators ka 'na fokotsa boemo ba mokuli,' me phello ea eona e tsoela pele bakeng sa ho lihora tse 2-4. Ka thuso ea e inhaler kapa nebulizer ka tlosa bronchospasm tlhaselo lapeng. mokhoa ona oa ho fana ka puo ea lithethefatsi tsamaiso le ho hema ho fokotsa palo ea litla khoneha lehlakoreng, ho fapana le ho nka matlapa kapa liente li lokela ho fumana ka mali.

Ho sebelisa nako e itšoarang ka bronchodilators a hlasela, re lokela ho hopola hore ena ke feela ka ambulense. Ha o lokela ho sebedisa ba fetang habeli ka beke, u lokela ho a bale ngaka. Mohlomong ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore re matlafatse e laola tsela ea lefu lena, o 'na ha hlokahala ho ho boela se tshohla mekhoa kalafo.

Laola ho sethoathoa bronchodilators

E le hore ho boloka sethoathoa tlas'a taolo, o lokela ho sebelisa bronchodilators telele-ho nka bohato. Ba ka boela ba ka nkoa ke inhalation. phello ea tla lula a lihora tse 12. lithethefatsi tsena li ka kenyeletsa tse latelang:

• "Formoterol". Ho nka e le hantle mor'a metsotso 5-10. E ka sebediswa bakeng sa ho tlosa litlhaselo tsa le ho ba tšoara. E ka sebediswa bakeng sa bana, empa feela ka tlas'a bookameli ba motho e moholo.
• "Salmetorol". Hape tlosa litlhaselo tsa mor'a metsotso. phello ea phehella ho fihlela ho lihora tse 12. lithethefatsi ena ka sebelisoa feela ka batho ba baholo.

kalafo ya la bronchitis

Ya e le hantle, hangata seo e mpa ho hlokahala bronchodilators la bronchitis. Haholo-holo haeba lefu lena le o ile a fallela ka ho ba sethaleng sa foleng kapa bronchial obstruction e hlokomela. Bakeng sa kalafo ya la bronchitis, u ka sebelisa ba bangata ba bronchodilators. Lethathamo la lithethefatsi ka 'na batla e kang ena:

• "Izadrin".
• "Ipradol".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Flomax".
• "Eufillin".

phello e ntle haholo ka ho phekola la bronchitis e finyelloa ka ho sebelisa bronchodilators bakeng inhalation sebelisa nebulizer kapa inhaler. Tabeng ena, bronchodilator, tse kang 'Salbutamol', tsoela toba a bua haholo a hlabang le ho qala ho ama bothata ntle le ho kena maling le ka nako e tšoanang. Sena se haholo ho fokotsa ponahalo ea liphetoho e bohloko ho moriana. Hape ke habohlokoa hore mekgwa ya tshebetso tsena ka ho phethahatsoa le bana ntle le kotsi efe kapa efe ya ho bophelo bo botle, empa ka tsela e atlehang haholo ea ho phekola maloetse.

'Me hona joale mantsoe a seng makae ka liketsahalo tse bohloko bronchodilators.

litla-morao

Ha u sebelisa bronchodilators khutšoanyane kapa ka nako e telele ka liketso tsa ka ke ua hlokomoloha litla-morao. Ha u fumana e khutsoanyane-a sebetsa ho bronchodilators - tse kang 'Salbutamol', 'terbutaline, "" fenoterol "- lia khoneha ho sa rateheng liphello:

• Ho tsekela.
• Hlooho.
• Twitching, thothomele ea maoto le matsoho le.
• Jitters.
• Tachycardia, palpitations.
• Arrhythmia.
• Eketseha khatello ea mali.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Hypokalemia.

Matlafatsa ho lokolloa formulations, tse kang "Salmeterol" "formoterol", tšoauoa ka liphello tse latelang lehlakoreng:

• Tremor ea matsoho le maoto.
• Ho tsekela.
• Hlooho.
• Muscle twitching.
• Palpitations.
• Liphetoho ka tatso.
• Ho nyekoa ke pelo.
• robala khathatsoe.
• Hypokalemia.
• Bakuli ba nang le asma e ka 'na ea hlahisa matla paradoxical bronchospasm.

Ka ketsahalo e sa litla-morao o lokela ho bolella ngaka ea hao ho fetola lethal dose kapa fetola meriana.

Contraindications

Ho na le mafu a ka e sebedisa e contraindicated bronchodilators itšoarang ka nako e khutšoanyane. e leng:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• lefu la pelo.
• Kgatelelo ya madi.
• Lefu la tsoekere.
• Ho thatafala ha sebete.

O lokela hape ho ba hlokolosi haholo ka ho ba teng ha maemo ana ha fumana bronchodilators lihlopha tse ling.

Note hape hore bakeng sa basali ba baimana e molemo ka ho fetisisa ho khetha e khutšoanyane-a sebetsa ho bronchodilators. Nako ea lithethefatsi "Theophylline" ka nkoa ho mantsoe a 2 ba sa feteng 1 makhetlo a ka letsatsi. Pele fana ka puo ka libeke tse 2-3 ke ho hlokahala hore ho felisa nako e telele-a sebetsa ho bronchodilators baeti ba fihlelang ho.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore hase bohle ba bronchodilators ka laolwa ho bana, bo-'mè a maqheku le basali ba baimana.

Pele o sebedisa meriana tsena ba bonnete ba hore ho buisana le ngaka ea hao.

lemosa

Haeba u abetsoe bronchodilators, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le litekanyetso li behoa lokela ho ka tieo o ile a re ho qoba kotsi bophelong ba bona.

Kalafo ea bana ba nang le tshebediso ya ho nebulizer kapa inhaler bronchodilator tsamaisa tieo tlas'a bookameli ba motho e moholo.

E lokela ho ba hlokolosi haholo-holo ho phekola batho ba nang:

• Pelo ea morethetho meferefere.
• Phahameng khatello ea mali.
• Lefu la tsoekere mellitus.
• Glaucoma.

Temoso lokela ho sebelisoa ka bronchodilators tse ling sympathomimetics. Hlokomela hore ka hlahisa hypokalemia le tsamaiso pataganeng le theophylline, corticosteroids, diuretics.

Bronchodilators lokela ho nkoa feela ka lengolo la ngaka. Hopola hore ho intša meriana e beha bophelo kotsing.