Boemo boitshireletso

Boemo boitshireletso ba motho ke pontshi akaretsang la puso eo ho eona sesole sa 'mele. Ho hlokahala hore ho ho hlaha ho ithuta belaela hloleha ea tsamaiso ea ho sireletsa. Ena e senola sebōpeho sa ditlolo le hlalosa kamoo ho ba ba bitsa. Liphetoho, tse neng li behiloe tlas'a boemo boitshireletso, lokela ho tsejoa ka mokhoa o nakong. Ho seng joalo ho ka etsahala hore etsahala mafu ka ho lekaneng e le tse tebileng (allergy, dithulaganyo tšoaetsanoang, lihlahala le bolwetse tse ling).

Humoral (amanang le mokelikeli 'meleng) le maloetseng a ka cell-go ranolelwang kwa ama boemo ba mmele, ho hlahloba boemo ba bona e neng e tšoaretsoe ka liteko motho kenyelelitsoe immunogram. Phuputso e ho bona hore boemo ba tsamaiso tshireletso ea 'mele ea. and analysis ho e lekola ho molemo tsa diyuniti tse fapa-fapaneng setsebi tse etsang boemo ba mmele. Tabeng ena, liteko tsohle e leng tsa bohlokoa, hobane mesebetsi e sireletsang e fanoeng ke liketso tsa bona e kopanetsoeng.

Humoral bophelo bo botle sesole sa 'mele e nang le bokhoni ba ho thibela ho ata ha likokoana-hloko (kantle ho sele) kokoana-hloko le tšoaetso ea baktheria ka nako ea pele ea ho kenella ka hare ho ea kena' meleng. likarabo Humoral fanoeng ke B-lymphocytes le atlehe ka serum. Ho Lemoha pathogen (moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling) B-lymphocytes Phapang (isoa) ka lisele tse lero la mali, eo e hlahisa (lihlahisoa) e antibody - immunoglobulins (serum liprotheine). Immunoglobulins tlama ho moemeli baditjhaba phunyelletsa ho thibela mosebetsi lona tsa likokoana-hloko, ka nako eo hulwa mele. Kahoo, bohato ka ho toba o ile a etsa immunoglobulins.

liprotheine Whey ameha ka Tshebediso ya tsa likarabo tse ling boitshireletso hore tšehetsa boemo boitshireletso tloaelehileng. Mohlala, " 'molai lisele tse» (NK- le K-lisele tse) di ile tsa lysed (qhibiliha) lisele tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ka ho feletseng hore ba tlotsitsoeng le immunoglobulins (Ig G).

Ke tlama ho antigen e, immunoglobulins hape ebe o kenya tshebetsong sete ya motso liprotheine serum (motlatsi oona tsamaisong). Ba bang ba likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea motlatsi na le matla a ho hlasela lera seleng e, a etsa hore ho timetsoa ha lisele tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, thepa ea motheo e meng e ka delimit sebakeng sa ho ruruha le hohela leukocytes lona kholoanyane.

Humoral, eo e kenyelelitsoe a boemo ba mmele e hlahlojoa sebedisa phumano le ho bala mali B-lymphocytes (ka Peresente le linomoro ho feletseng). mosebetsi tshebetso ya (B-lymphocytes) ikemiselitse ka immunoglobulins tsa maiketsetso ke bona ka lebaka la tsusumetso ea B-seleng. Lekanngwang ho ba teng ha lisireletsi ho likokoana-hloko tse atileng ka ho fetisisa le libaktheria, ea mahloriso ea autoantibodies kapa mehahong boitshireletso e etsoang ke lekanya maemo kakaretso ea immunoglobulins le nomoro ka litlelase fapaneng (IgA, IgG, IgM).

Tsamaiso motlatsi lona ke la bohlokoa khanna phumano ya congenital immunodeficiencies tlhaho le likoli tsamaisong ena. Maemong a mang, ho etsa mohlala, ka pathologies autoimmune, ya data bohlokoa ka C4 le C3 dikarolo motlatsi.

Ka tloaelo, boemo boitshireletso ba link lisele ka tsela e atlehang tsoeroe ke lefu la le likokoana-hloko, li-fungus, lisele tse nang le kankere, tšoaetso intracellular. itsoara joang ka ho Sireletsa-ka tsela eo a ileng ae etsa ka lisele tse lymphoid le tsamaiso e fanoeng ke T-lymphocytes. Le ho kenella ka hare tsa elements tsoang linaheng tse ling ka 'mele, T-lisele tse ho ananela e lokela ho butswe ke qalang ho etsa joalo, tlatsetsa ho timetso ea elements tsoang linaheng tse ling. T lymphocytes bang baahi hape ka mafolofolo a kenella 'me humoral ea tšireletso, re ba thuse hore a susumetse le tswakana tsa lisireletsi ke B-lisele tse (lisele tse mothusi T) kapa hatelloang tsa lihlahisoa tsa tsona (T-suppressors).