Baroque setaele Russia. baemeli ba Baroque Russia

Sena se sa tloaelehang le ho ka linako tse ling makatsa predominating setaele ka mehaho le bonono Europe ho tloha morao metso e tšeletseng le makholo a lilemo bohareng ba bo-ea leshome le metso e robeli, thehilwe ea puso ea pōpo e matla ea linaha ka motheo oa sechaba. O ne a amana haufi le kereke le didikadikwe aristocratic. Baroque tlotlisitsoeng 'me a khothalletsa matla a bona. Ka lebaka leo, kaha ho haholo-holo ho tšoauoa ka makoko, botle bo hlollang le pathetic lemaletse hlollang. mokhoa ona o kopanya mofuta le bohata sa ntho ea sebele, 'me ho na le e bapisa le matla la sekala le morethetho, hammoho le metsoako esita le thepa, leseli le moriti.

Tlhaloso Baroque

Hang ha ba pele ba ne ba sa bitsa mokhoa ona: naheng, le tsekamelo ea ho feteletseng, kelello, pretentious le e seng ea tlhaho ... litšobotsi tse Tsena ke ka mehla la tsoalo lona utloahetse joaloka songoa. Le tsohle ka lebaka la Baroque ba ne ba sa tšoane le joale e ntan'o ba canons ea bonono ea boholo-holo le mehaho.

Empa butle-butle ba qala ho fumana lintho tse tlang pele mehaho a macha le boleng. Baroque hlahetse Italy. naheng ena e ne e ka nako eo le setsi sa setso, moo mokhoa ona o ile a qala leeto le hae tlhōlo ka mose Europe. Le ka ho e mong le e ba States baroque ho fumana mekhoa e ba sechaba sefe.

mehaho Baroque Russia, ho akarelletsa le, haholo-holo e ama pharalla lona le ho rarahana. O ile a tšoauoa e ngata tse rarahaneng, e le busa, liforomo curvilinear, colonnades maholohali. Ka mekhabisong ea mehaho ea nako eo 'me a hlokomela bongata ba litšoantšo ka interiors bona. Ho na le boetse ho na le selotlolo tiered Dome le dibopeho rarahaneng. A mohlala hlollang tsa mehaho Baroque ka bitsoa ST. Peter ea Vatican. Ikhethang dintlha setaele ke Atlanteans, caryatids tšehetsa arches le litšiea tsa ho bapala karolo e itseng, hammoho le mascarones - sculptural mekhabiso ka sebopeho sa hlooho batho kapa sefeneng sa phoofolo e tsoang pele.

Ho ka mehaho, ho ea ka litsebi, ba Baroque ile emetsweng fapafapana eohle ea bona le botlalo. Litsebi tsohle ba etsa mesebetsi ea bona ka mokhoa ona, ho thata ho enumerate. Ho Mataliana Bernini, Borromini le Maderna, Pole Jan glaubitz le ba bang ba bangata. Russia meralo, bao mesebetsi ea bona e ka ngotsoe ho Baroque, ho nkoa ka ho khetheha Rastrelli. Ke lokela ho bolela hore e ntshetswa pele ka hare ho naha ea rona ka tsela e khethehileng.

Tšimoloho ea baroque Russia

Tšimoloho ea lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robeli ka Russia ile ha tšoauoa ka liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa. Latelang ho phethoa le atlehileng. ea Ntoa ea Northern 'me ba bangata ea liphetoho ea Petrose, naha e ile ea qala ho ba le botjhaba, le moruong. Ho hlaha ha St. Petersburg, haholo, e ne e le ketsahalo ea bohlokoa, e tšoaea ho qaleha ha e sethaleng ntjha historing ea rona, e seng feela, empa hape ba mehaho lefatshe. Ke ka hona 'me a qala e le hantle, ho phatlalatsoa ha mehaho Baroque ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo. Russia, bakeng sa kaho ea e leng motse-moholo le toropo lona bokeletse e seng feela e ruuoang, empa e boetse e le Litsebi tsa Europe Bophirimela. The kholo hakaalo lenanetabeng ntshetsopeleng tsa litoropo e ne e thehiloe lineanong tsa mehaho Serussia.

mekhoa European Bophirimela

Leha ho le joalo Petersburg mehaho nako ea Petrose ke, 'me ke - le kotara ea pele ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli, le hoja e e ntshetswa pele ka e le kannete ea sechaba le litšobotsi tse e nang le boikarabelo moo, ha ka nako e tšoanang li bontša liphello tsa tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa e mengata ea kaho European Bophirimela. Ho na le e ne e le monolithic le haholo manyolo logan ea mekhoa ea rōna le tsoang linaheng tse ling meralo. Ka tsela eo ile a qala mehla Baroque Russia.

Tabeng ena, tshebetso ya ho assimilation le pōpo e lokisa ya mekhoa Bophirimela ha e le hantle, o khutlela lekholong la le metso e mehlano, ha tlas'a Ivan III o ile a Moscow ho sebetsa le Mataliana. Ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e supileng la tšusumetso ea basele e ile ea eketseha ha litšiea le khabisitsoeng le entablature, gables, Trim le motifs sculpted butle-butle o ile a qala ho hasa ka mehaho Serussia.

Baroque setaele Russia

a ke ke a ba le foothold naheng ya rona. Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore bahlahlobisisi subverted classicism ka mehaho, ba, leha ho le joalo, ha aa ka a bona seng ho fapana le "litšiea le domes." Ka bohale bo tšosang phehisanang khang melemo ya Gothic Tsoseletso le "Renaissance", empa lentsoe "baroque" ka Russia tšebeliso qojoa. Tummeng meralo Bryullov nakong ea leeto la ho Italy e ile halefisitseng ke "tatso silafetseng" le pōpo ea sa utloahaleng tsa Borromini.

Le poleloana e reng "Russia baroque" feela eighties tsa ea leshome le metso e robong lekholong la lilemo la mofuputsi N. Sultanov ea boholo-holo Russia mehaho ile hlahisitswe. Russia, ho ne ho khethiloe mehaho ea pele ho Petrine ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e supileng. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ho na le e ne e le mohopolo wa itsetsepetse, eo karolong e qalang ea setaele ena ntshetswa pele ka 1640 e.

Ke tlhaloso, Likhachev, Baroque Russia e nka tse ling tsa litšobotsi tsa Renaissance, e neng e sa khone ho lekaneng bonahatsa. Leha ho le joalo, lentsoe "Russia baroque" ka Russia, 'me ka kakaretso ha ea hohle amoheloa ke litsebi tse lefatšeng. Ka hona, o se a nkoa e le tlas'a maemo a, empa lebitso la e entsweng ka matshwao khotheishene.

Molao, ka litšoaneleho tsa bona tse tšoanang le ka mokhoa oa mannerism. Ho totobatsa mekhahlelo 'maloa: "Naryshkin", "Golitsyn", "baroque Peter tsa Russia" (lekholong la lilemo la bo18 la lilemo, kotara ea pele) le "hōlileng ka ho feletseng", a bua ka makhetlo a ka Elizabethan. Mokhoa oa ho ngola e qetellang e ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa akarelelitsoeng ho ka mesebetsi ea F. Rastrelli Monyenyane mehahong e mengata ea St. Petersburg.

Naryshkin kapa Moscow baroque

Ke setaele hona ho bolela hore sehlopha sa litempele, e hahiloeng Knights ena e tummeng o ke o tle. Naryshkin baroque setaele ho Russia e fanoa ke mesebetsi e joalo ea mehaho ea morao ea leshome le metso e supileng - mathoasong a lilemo tse makholo ea leshome le metso e robeli e le kereke ka Fili le Boraro-bo--Lykov, ka katiba le Dubrovitsy, hammoho le khopolo ea, e ile ea hahoa ka Maroseyka.

Litsebi bitsa ka tsela e itseng ea sethaleng lona morago ga moo, eo ho eona sokolloha ka sebōpeho sa eclipsed mehaho Bophirimela, tse kang e warantha le likarolo tsa bona, motifs le khabisitsoeng le baroque hlahang ho yona sa t. D.

Features Naryshkin setaele ka mehaho

O ile a tla ka nako ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mehaho ea rōna. Ke ha Russia setaele ea bapatriareka butle-butle o ile a qala ho phunyeletse mekhoa ho tloha Europe. Ho tloha mehaho lekholong la lilemo la botshelela, ho litšobotsi paatsepama phunyeletsang matla ao li-slide hammoho le metshetshe marakong le patterned leleka maqhubu tlokomang.

Bakeng sa mehaho ea mehleng ena ea mehaho Russia e tšoauoa ka motsoako oa mekhoa ikhanyetsa ka dibopeho hlokomela heterogeneity tsa makala le mokhabiso. Sebōpeho sa "Naryshkin" baroque Russia, haholo-holo Moscow, ho na le matšoao hlakileng ea mannerism European, le senolang histori ea Gothic, ho na le a batla a ea e tsosolosoe 'me romanticism,' me kaofela merges le meetlo ea lehong le lejoe ea boholo-holo mehaho.

setaele Golitsyn

Butle-butle ba qala ntshetsopeleng baroque Russia. Sebakeng sa setaele e fapaneng ya Naryshkin ba ile ba fihla Moscow mehaho - Golitsyn, eo e nkoa e mmuisi. Hae atleha ka lilemo tse leshome pele ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli, 'me phello e ba tsoela pele ho fihlela bohareng ba lekholo la tšoanang.

Moaho pele, ha etsoa ka mokhoa baroque Russia, eo ho nkoang kereke Dubovica ka Perov, Volyn, Laurentian baitlami ka Kaluga. Ha ho bapisoa, "Naryshkin" ka mokhabiso oa "Golitsyn" meaho ka ho eketsehileng o ile a sebelisa thepa ea motheo feela Baroque. Leha ho le joalo, ditharollo bona moralo, le ho hlophisoa ha meqolo thōko le koetsoeng tlhaku tse fapaneng haufi le Renaissance European. Hlaka ea morero oa ka tsela e bonolo ea mefuta, ho kopantswe le ea ruileng ka hare mafahla a mangata Baroque liemahale ka Russia le mehlala e khale ea mehaho ea boholo-holo. Haholo-holo ka ho hlaka ena ka bonoa mehaho hamorao - kereke ea St. Petrose le Pauluse ba Cathedral ka Moscow, hammoho le ka Troekurova le Yakimanka.

Stroganoff setaele

Sena stylistic tataiso Russia mehaho qetellong ea lilemo tse makholo ea leshome le metso e supileng le ea leshome le metso e robeli qala meaho bath emisoa ka taelo industrialists foromo, ka mor'a hore bao ho bona ho e mong ea bitsoang.

Ke liemahale tse ngata tse khōlō tsa Moscow baroque Stroganoff fapana bolokoe o ea neano Russia hlano domed sebeletsa tempeleng silhouette, eo ho hlollang, joalokaha eka ka sebōpeho ka letsoho, baroque Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle. Tsena li akarelletsa Kazan ka Ustyuzhna, Smolensk ka Gordeevka motse Keresemese ka Nizhny Novgorod le likereke tse ling tse ngata, hammoho le Vvedensky kerekeng e khōlō, e hahiloeng ka Solvychegodsk.

baroque ea Petrose

Lentsoe lena le sebelisitsoe ka ho bo-rahistori ba tsa bonono, ho mokhoa oa ho ngola meralo le, e leng e se e amohetswe ke Peter ke le ile pharaletseng sebelisoa ka St. Petersburg. Limited meeli moralo wa, ke tseparetse eketsehileng mabapi le ea mohlala Seswedishe, Jeremane le Madache Litsebi. mehaho Baroque Russia ho tloha Great Raliphetoho e ne e le thepa ea mohaho haholo eclectic, le tatso ea classicism le gotika khale. Ho fokotsa mefuta-futa ea Peter Litsebi tharollo mokhoa ona a ka feela ba le tekanyo ea ho conditionality.

The mehaho ea nako ena tšoauoa ka tsela e bonolo meaho volumetric, ho na le lotho ea articulation hlakileng le thibelo marapo, hangata a hlokomela ka tlhaloso ea mekhabisong planar. Ka lehlakoreng le leng ho Naryshkin baroque Russia, Peter e Moholo ke ho khesoa ea makhaola-khang ea ea ka neano ea Byzantium, eo busitse Litsebi rona hoo e ka bang tse supileng le makholo a lilemo. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le phapang e tsoang Golitsynsky setaele kotloloho bululetsoeng ke disampole Mataliana kapa Austria.

baemeli ba khanyang

Karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ka tsoelo-pele ea Baroque Russia bapetse sa Russia feela, empa hape ba bangata ba tsebahalang Litsebi tsoang linaheng tse ling. E mong oa baemeli ba likolong tse ka bophirimela, sebetsa naheng ya rona, e Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli - mora oa e moseti Setaliana, ba neng ba sebeletsa ka lekhotleng la Morena Louis XIV. Ahlola ka mantsoe a biographer hae, kaho phihlelo ea hao a e fumaneng Russia. Ho ba moetsi oa litšoantšo le talenta haholo, Rastrelli e khona ho paka ka boeena o sa meralo ea ho haha ea nang le tsebo le lula boemong bo phahameng haholo ka lekhotla, o ile a khetheloa "ka sehloohong meralo." mosebetsi oa hae ka lilemo tse 1740-1750 fihlile sehlohlolong.

Tse ling baemeli ba hlaheletseng Baroque Russia - ke A. V. Kvasov, tse reretsoeng 'me a haha Grand Tsarskoye Selo Palace pele tsosoloso ea etsoa ke Rastrelli. Bakeng sa mosebetsi oa hae o akarelletsa ho se bolokiloe sebakeng Haymarket ea Kereke ea khopolo ea hlohonolofatsoa Moroetsana Maria. Ha ho ka tlaase ho moo tsebahalang Litsebi tsa baroque mehla Russia ke P. Trezzini, A. Vista le, ya e le hantle, o ne a sebetsa Russia ho tloha 1760-go th ho 1770-go th le khanyang moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling ba mokhoa ona oa Antonio Rinaldi. Ea bobeli, ka ho meaho ba hae ba pele ntse le tlas'a tšusumetso ea "botsofali" Baroque 'me hamorao ba ile ba fallela ho classicism, e naheng ea rōna ke feela ka boseeng lona. Leha ho le joalo, ho re unequivocally hore Rinaldi ke moemeli ea hantle setaele ena pele ho nako, ke ke ha khoneha.

Meaho Russia Baroque

Lekane tsebahalang bōptjoa Rastrelli - e libini tsa Smolny baitlami, e hahiloeng lilemong tse 1748-1764 St. Petersburg. Ho ileng ba bōptjoa ho ea ka neano ea Russia ea ensembles tšoanang bao e leng ea lekholong la lilemo la e fetileng. Ha ho ka tlaase ho moo e ileng ea tsejoa ke motse-moholo o ka leboea oa lipaleise tse peli Elizabethan bahlomphehi - Stroganov le M. Vorontsov. Leha ho le joalo, le sebaka sa pele har'a mesebetsi ea Rastrelli ema, ya e le hantle, le Mariha Palace, eo e ile ea hahoa lilemo tse robeli. E ile ea qetoa ka 1762-m. E ne e le mona ka tekanyo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba talenta sa meralo ea ho haha e. Har'a e tsoileng tse ling Baroque - The Grand Palace ka Tsarskoye Selo, 'me ba bang ba bangata. Ba tsohle khanyang haholo khethollang ka mokhoa hore rena ka bohareng ba bo-ea leshome le metso e robeli lekholong la lilemo la Russia. Ho iphetola ha lintho ea boiqapelo ka tsela e hlollang tsa meralo ea ho haha P. Trezzini hatisa Theodore kereke, teng ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Kajeno, lintho tse ngata tsa phehisana khang ka ba nang le boholo ba lisekoere hahiloeng ka Vladimir Cathedral of lebitso tšoanang. Leha ho le joalo, ba bangata ba le tšekamelo ea ho lumela hore e ne e se e sa tsejoeng hloahloa, e leng P. Trezzini, ea ileng a rata gaisana mo le Rastrelli, bōpa qetellong ea 1760 ea botle bo hlollang ea kereke. Ke lokela ho bolela hore, ka bomalimabe, ho na le mehaho e mengata haholo bao e leng setsebi sa meralo ea, ba ile ba o ile oa tsosolosoa kapa e le feela nyamela.

Ha ke so tsitse ka mor'a lithaka tsa bona le ho Rinaldi, ba entse hore ho be le likereke tsa 'maloa Orthodox, kopantseng likarolo tse ngata tsa Baroque. Ka ho khetheha, sena ke Cathedral Andrew le lona domes hlano domes le phahameng selotlolo storey tšepe tora, Boathouse, teng ka qhobosheane, Sechaena le Marble matlo a borena. qetellang e nkoa e ikhethang ketsahalo ka mehaho Serussia.