Asiti Deoxyribonucleic. Model Crick le Watson

Tlhahisoleseding pele ka thepa lik'hemik'hale ea acid e deoxyribonucleic li ngotsoe 1868 selemo. Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo ho ea mathoasong a forties ea, ho ile ha paka hore ka molek'hule ke guttate polymer. Ka nucleotides monomer diyuniti ketso e le bopilwe ka botlaaseng nitrogenous, e pentose le phosphate sehlopha (a hlano k'habone tsoekere).

asiti Deoxyribonucleic ka 'na na le setsi sa mefuta e' meli: le pyrimidine (thymine (T) le cytosine (C)) le purine (adenine (A) le guanine (G)). The komponeng e atlehe ho sebelisa nucleotide phosphodiester tlamo e.

Litsebi tsa baeloji Watson le Crick ka selemo 1953, ho nka e le motheo bakeng sa X-ray and analysis tsa kristale DNA fihletse qeto ea hore molek'hule letsoalloa na le para ea liketane le polymer, eaba ba etsa Helix habeli. Polynucleotide ketane leqeba ka mong ho e mong, li tšoaroa hammoho ka la litlamo tsa hydrogen hore theha pakeng tsa tlatsanang makalana (bona baa e lekanang) ka liketane bo fapaneng. Ha para sena thehoa feela tjena: adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine. Tsitsisoa e etsoang ke lipara tse peli pele le la bobeli - tse tharo litlamo hydrogen.

The acid e habeli-tsielehile deoxyribonucleic o e-ba bolelele balwa lekana le palo ea lipara tsa nucleotides bona baa e lekanang (BP). Bakeng sa limolek'hule tseo e akarelletsa ba limilione 'me likete-kete tsa banyalani ba m.n.p. diyuniti nkiloe le KB, ka ho latellana. Kahoo, deoxyribonucleic acid e chromosome batho e emeloa ke Helix mong habeli. Bolelele ba eona ke 263 Mb ka

DNA denaturation (qhibiliha) ke tshebetso eo ka eona kamehla habeli Helix guttate molek'hule fetelang ka ho mmuso kela. Holim 'a qhibiliha, habeli-molek'hule e arotsoe oa potoloho ka thoko. Mocheso oo halofo Deoxyribonucleic acid e qhibilihile, ka ntlha qhibiliha. E itšetlehile ka boleng ba ho hlophisoa limolek'hule.

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe ka holimo, ho G-C lipara ba tsitsisoa ka hora ea boraro, 'me para ea A-T - tse pedi litlamo hydrogen. Ka lebaka leo, a phahameng palo ea lipara pele, tsitsitseng haholoanyane e tla ba molek'hule. Ha denaturation tsa wavelength ea 260 NM eketsa absorption la leseli. e le hantle ena hyperchromic etsa ho ka khoneha ho fana ka matla a ho laola boemo ba limolek'hule tsa mohaho se mahareng. Ha tharollo e butle folisoa acid e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa pakeng tsa palesa e tlatsetsang ea maqhama fokolang ka thehoa hape, e ka nna ya sebopeho spiral e tsoanang e le letsoalloa (pele). Bokhoni bona ea DNA ho denaturation le renaturation limolek'hule thehiloeng hybridization mokhoa. E e sebelisoa ka ho ithuta sebōpeho sa acid nucleic.

Habeli Helix molek'hule, ho ba le microcyteme ya data liphatsa tsa lefutso, ba lokela ho finyella litlhokahalo tse peli tse khōlō. Pele, e lokela ho replicated (ikatisa) ka ho nepahala e phahameng, 'me bobedi ho, ho encode le tswakana ea limolek'hule protheine. asiti Deoxyribonucleic, eo ea mohlala e se hlalositsoeng ke Watson le Crick, e lumellana ka botlalo hore litlhokahalo tsena. E ile ea fumana hore ho latela molao-motheo oa complementarity, e mong le e ketane ka molek'hule e ka ba le popeho ya sebopeho sa le lecha oa potoloho baa ngollana. Ka lebaka leo, sethaleng se seng sa boikatiso ka tsela eo le hlaha para morali limolek'hule ho ba le nucleotide tatelano tšoanang ho e ka pele DNA molek'hule. Ho feta moo, ena ketane mehaho phatsa ea lefutso ka khouthollotsweng protheine tatelano amino acid e beha.

Kaha, ka e se e entse DNA setjhaba a qalang le complementarity molao-motheo, ha thehoa dithulaganyo hore ba na le boikarabelo ya data lefa decoding le ka molao oa tsamaiso ea phatsa ea lefutso tswakana dintho. Ho phaella moo, khopolo eo e ile ntshetswa pele le limolek'hule recombinant.